A ranar 10 ga Agusta, 2010, wani tauraron dan adam na NASA ya yi rikodin -93.2 a Antarctica. Ba a taɓa yin sanyi a duniyar ba a tarihin gani. Kimanin mutane dubu 4 da ke rayuwa a tashoshin kimiyya wutar lantarki ta dumama su.
Dabbobi ba su da irin wannan damar, sabili da haka duniyar zuƙowa ta nahiyar ba ta da yawa. Dabbobin Antarctic ba cikakkun halittu bane. Dukkanin halittu, ta wata hanyar, suna hade da ruwa. Wasu suna rayuwa a cikin koguna. Wasu kogunan basu daskarar ba, misali, Onyx. Ita ce kogi mafi girma a nahiyar.
Alamar Antarctic
Talakawa
Tana da nauyin kilogram 160 kuma ta kai tsawon santimita 185. Waɗannan alamu ne na maza. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta kaɗan, in ba haka ba jinsi ɗaya ne. Hatunan gama gari sun bambanta da sauran hatimi a cikin tsarin hancinsu. Suna da tsawo, tsayi ne daga tsakiya zuwa kewayen, suna tashi. Ya zama kamar kamannin harafin Latin V.
Launi na hatimin gama gari launin toka-ja ne tare da duhu, alamu masu tsayi a duk jiki. A kan kai mai kamannin kwai da gajeren hanci, ana samun manyan idanu masu ruwan kasa. Maganar gama gari tana magana akan hatimi ɗaya kamar halittu masu hankali.
Kuna iya gane hatimi na yau da kullun ta hancinsa wanda yake tuna da Ingilishi V
Giwar Kudancin
Hancin dabba na jiki ne, yana zuwa gaba. Saboda haka sunan. Hatimin giwa shine mafi girma a duniya. A tsayi, wasu mutane sun kai mita 6, kuma suna da nauyin nauyin tan 5. Kashi na biyar na wannan jimlar jini ne. An cika shi da iskar oxygen, yana barin dabbobi su zauna a cikin ruwa na awa ɗaya
Kattai suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Mata yawanci suna barin shekaru 14-15. Alamun giwaye suna ciyar da yawancin ɗayansu a cikin ruwa. Suna tafiya ƙasar tsawon makonni biyu a shekara don kiwo.
Hatimin giwar kudu
Ross
James Ross ne ya gano wannan ra'ayi. An sanya wa dabbar suna ne bayan mai binciken Burtaniya da ke kasashen polar. Yana jagorantar salon rayuwa na sirri, hawa zuwa kusurwoyin nesa na nahiyar, sabili da haka ba a fahimta da kyau. An sani cewa Dabbobin Antarctic yayi nauyi kusan kilogram 200, ya kai mita 2 a tsayi, yana da manyan idanuwa masu girma, layuka kanana, amma hakora masu kaifi.
Hannun hatimin ya ninka na kitse. Dabbar ta koyi jan kan ta a ciki. Ya zama kwallon jiki. A gefe guda, duhu ne, kuma a dayan, launin toka mai haske ne, an rufe shi da gajerun gashi marasa ƙarfi.
Bikin aure
Shin dabbobin daji na Antarctica na musamman. Abu ne mai sauki ga Weddell ya nutse zuwa zurfin mita 600. Wasu hatimin ba su da ikon wannan, kamar yadda ba za su iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba har tsawon awa ɗaya. Don Weddell, wannan al'ada ce. Jurewar yanayin dabba shima abin mamaki ne. Yanayin sanyi a gare shi digiri -50-70 ne.
Weddell babban hatimi ne, wanda nauyin sa ya kai kilo 600. Wanda aka sare shi tsawonsa ya kai mita 3. Kattai suna murmushi. Ana daga kusurwan bakin saboda sifofin jikin mutum.
Hannun Weddell sune mafi tsayi a karkashin ruwa
Mahaukaci
Dabbar ta kai kimanin fam 200, kuma tsawonta ya kai kimanin mita 2.5. Dangane da haka, a tsakanin sauran hatimin, mai rarrafe ya fito ne don siririnta. Yana sa ƙwanƙwasa ƙarancin rauni ga yanayin sanyi. Sabili da haka, tare da farkon lokacin hunturu a Antarctica, mahaukata suna ta shawagi tare da kankara daga gabar ruwanta. Lokacin da nahiyar take da dumi, mahaukata sukan dawo.
Don magance matsalolin kabu-kuru, hatimin ya sami incisors tare da notches. Gaskiya ne, ba su kiyayewa daga kifayen whale ba. Dabba mai shayarwa daga dangin dolphin shine babban abokin gaba ba kawai na masu bugun ciki ba, har ma da mafi yawan hatimai.
Hatimin crabeater yana da hakora masu kaifi
Penguins na nahiyar
Gashi mai gwal
Dogon gashin gashin zinare a kan gira an saka su cikin baƙon da aka saba da shi "tailcoat" tare da farin shirt a cikin bayyanar su. An matsa su zuwa kan kai zuwa wuya, mai kama da gashi. An bayyana jinsin a cikin 1837 ta Johann von Brandt. Ya dauki tsuntsun ya kai ga penguins din da aka sansu. Daga baya, an keɓe masu launin zinare a matsayin jinsinsu daban. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta sun nuna dangantaka da penguins na sarki.
Maye gurbi wanda ya raba penguins macaroni daga na sarauta ya faru kusan shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata. Wakilan zamani na nau'ikan sun kai tsawon santimita 70, yayin da nauyinsu ya kai kilo 5.
Sarauta
Shi ne mafi girma a cikin tsuntsayen da ba su tashi. Wasu mutane sun kai santimita 122. A wannan yanayin, nauyin wasu mutane ya kai kilogram 45. A waje, ana fifita tsuntsaye da tabon rawaya kusa da kunnuwa da gashin tsuntsu a kirji.
Sarakunan penguins suna kyankyasar kajin na kimanin watanni 4. Kare zuriyar, tsuntsayen sun ƙi cin wannan lokacin. Sabili da haka, tushen yawan penguins shine kitse wanda dabbobi ke tarawa don tsira da lokacin kiwo.
Adele
Wannan penguin gaba daya bashi da fari. Fasali na musamman: gajeren baki da da'ira a kusa da idanuwa. A tsayi, tsuntsun ya kai santimita 70, yana da nauyin kilogram 5. A wannan yanayin, abincin yana ɗaukar kilogram 2 kowace rana. Abincin Penguin ya ƙunshi krill crustaceans da molluscs.
Akwai adeles miliyan 5 a cikin Arctic. Wannan ita ce mafi yawan mutanen penguins. Ba kamar sauran ba, Adeles yana ba da kyauta ga zaɓaɓɓu. Wadannan tsakuwa ce. Ana ɗauke su a ƙafafun matan da ake zargi.
A waje, basu bambanta da maza ba. Idan an karɓi kyaututtukan, namiji ya fahimci daidaiton abin da ya zaɓa kuma ya fara kusanci. Duwatsun duwatsu da aka jefa a ƙafafun zaɓaɓɓu sun zama kamar gida.
Adélie penguins sune mazaunan Antarctica da yawa
Whales
Seiwal
An kira sunan kifi whale a bayan sauriya daga masunta na ƙasar Norway. Ta kuma ciyar da plankton. Kifi da kifayen teku sun kusanci gabar ƙasar Norway a lokaci guda. Ana kiran saury na gida "saye". Ana kiran abokin kifi sei whale. Daga cikin kifayen kifi, yana da mafi “bushe” da kyakkyawar jiki.
Adana - dabbobin arctic da antarctic, ana samunsu kusa da sandunan biyu. Sauran fauna na arewaci da kudancin duniya sun sha bamban. A cikin Arctic, babban halayyar ita ce polar bear. Babu 'bears a Antarctica, amma akwai penguins. Wadannan tsuntsayen, a hanya, suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan dumi. Misalin penguin na Galapagos, ya zauna kusan a mashigar ruwa.
Shuɗin whale
Masana kimiyya sun kira shi shuɗi. Shine mafi girman dabba. Whale yana da tsayin mita 33. Nauyin dabba ya kai tan 150. Dabba mai shayarwa tana ciyar da wannan abincin tare da plankton, ƙaramin ɓawon burodi da cephalopods.
A cikin tattaunawa kan batun abin da dabbobi ke zaune a Antarctica, yana da mahimmanci a nuna ƙananan kifayen kifi. Yayi amai 3 daga cikinsu: arewa, dwarf da kudu. Livesarshen yana zaune ne a bakin tekun Antarctica. Kamar sauran mutane, shi mai dogon hanta ne. Yawancin mutane suna barin cikin shekaru 9th. Wasu Whale suna yanke ruwan teku na shekaru 100-110.
Mahaifa maniyyi
Wannan haƙƙin haƙori ne, mai nauyin kimanin tan 50. Tsawon dabba ya kai mita 20. Kusan 7 daga cikinsu sun fada kan. A ciki akwai manyan hakora. Ana kimanta su a kan daidai tare da hauren walrus da hauren giwayen. Gwanin whale ya ninka nauyi a yankin kilo 2.
Swafin whale shine mafi wayewar whale. Kwakwalwar kwakwalwar ta kai kilo 8. Ko da a cikin shuɗin whale, duk da cewa ya fi girma, duka hemispheres suna jan kilo 6 kawai.
Akwai kusan haƙora biyu 26 a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙin maniyyi
Tsuntsaye
Guguwa mai iska ta Wilson
Wadannan Dabbobin Antarctic a kan hoto bayyana kamar ƙananan tsuntsaye masu launin toka-toka. Matsayin daidaitaccen jikin gashin fuka-fukin yakai santimita 15. Tsawon fikafikan bai wuce santimita 40 ba.
A cikin gudu, ɗan ƙaramin gugu mai kama da sauri ko haɗiye. Yunkurin suna da sauri, akwai kaifin juyawa. Har ila yau, kaurok an yi masa laƙabi da haɗiyar teku. Suna ciyar da ƙananan kifi, ɓawon burodi, ƙwari.
Albatross
Na tsarin oda ne. Tsuntsayen suna da kananan hukumomi 20. Duk suna zaune a kudancin duniya. A cikin Antarctica da ke zaune, albatrosses suna ba da sha'awa ga ƙananan tsibirai da ƙyalli. Bayan an tashi daga garesu, tsuntsayen zasu iya yawo a mashigar ƙasa cikin wata ɗaya. Waɗannan bayanai ne na lura da tauraron dan adam.
Dukkanin nau'ikan albatross suna karkashin kulawar Kungiyar Hadin Kan Yanayi ta Duniya. Yawan mutane ya lalace a cikin karnin da ya gabata. An kashe Albatrosses saboda gashinsu. An yi amfani dasu don yin ado da kwalliyar mata, riguna, boas.
Albatross na iya ganin ƙasa tsawon watanni, yana hutawa daidai kan ruwa
Katuwar kanwa
Babban tsuntsu, mai tsawon mita daya kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 8. Tsawon fikafikan ya wuce mita 2. A kan babban kai, an ɗora a kan gajeriyar wuya, akwai ƙaramin baki mai lanƙwasa. A samansa akwai bututun kashi mara kyau.
A ciki, an raba ta ta bangare. Waɗannan su ne hancin tsuntsu. Lumbanta motley ce a cikin launukan fari da baƙi. Babban yanki na kowane gashin tsuntsu shine haske. Iyakar tana da duhu Saboda ita, plumage din yayi kyau kala-kala.
Fata - tsuntsaye na antarcticaba da faɗuwa ba. Tsuntsayen suna yayyage matattun penguins, whales. Koyaya, kifi mai rai da ɓawon burodi shine yawancin abincin.
Babban Skua
Masu sa ido game da tsuntsaye suna jayayya ko yakamata a sanya skua a matsayin marauya ko makirci. A hukumance, wanda aka yiwa fuka-fukin yana cikin na karshen. A cikin mutane, ana kwatanta skua da agwagwa da babban tit. Jikin dabbar yana da girma, ya kai santimita 55 a tsayi. Tsawon fikafikan yakai kimanin mita daya da rabi.
A cikin mutane, ana kiran skuas masu satar teku. Masu farauta suna kamawa a sararin samaniya tare da tsuntsayen da ke ɗauke da ganima a cikin bakunansu suna yin peck har sai sun saki kifin. Skuas suna karɓar kofuna. Makircin yana da ban mamaki musamman lokacin da suka afkawa iyayen da ke kawo abinci ga kajin.
Ana iya ganin Skua da sauran mazaunan Pole ta Kudu a cikin yanayin muhallinsu. Tun daga 1980, an shirya balaguron yawon bude ido zuwa Antarctica. Nahiya yanki ne mai 'yanci wanda ba'a ba kowace jiha ba. Koyaya, kusan ƙasashe 7 suna neman yanki na Antarctica.
Skuas galibi ana kiransu 'yan fashi don satar wasu tsuntsaye.
