Farar gaggafa mai farin ciki (Haliaeetus leucogaster) na cikin umarnin Falconiformes. Ita ce tsuntsaye na biyu mafi girma a cikin Australiya bayan gaggafa ta Australiya (Aquila Audax), wanda ya fi girman santimita 15 zuwa 20 kawai.
Alamomin waje na gaggafa mai farin ciki.
Mikiya mai farin ciki tana da girma: 75 - 85 cm Wingspan: daga 178 zuwa 218. cm: Weight: 1800 zuwa 3900 gram. Filayen kan, wuya, ciki, cinyoyi da gashin gashin jela farare farare. Baya, murfin fuka-fukai, gashin fika-fika na farko, da manyan gashin jela na iya zama launin toka mai duhu zuwa baƙi. Iris na ido launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, kusan baƙi. Mikiya mai farin ciki tana da babban, launin toka, ƙugiya mai baka wanda ya ƙare da baƙar ƙugiya. Shortananan gajerun kafafu ba su da fuka-fukai, launinsu ya bambanta daga launin toka mai haske zuwa kirim. Theusoshin suna da girma kuma baƙi. Wutsiya gajere ce, mai siffa mai siffar ciki.
Mikiya masu farin ciki suna nuna dimorphism, mata sun fi maza girma kaɗan. Matsakaicin namijin Mikiya 66 zuwa 80 cm, yana da fika-fikai daga 1.6 zuwa 2.1 m, kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 1.8 zuwa 2.9, yayin da matsakaicin mata ya kai 80 zuwa 90 cm a tsayi daga 2.0 zuwa Tsawon fikafikan yakai mita 2.3 kuma nauyinsa yakai 2.5 zuwa 3.9.
Saurayi masu farin ciki masu farin ciki suna da launi daban-daban da tsuntsayen manya. Suna da kai tare da fuka-fuka masu tsami, ban da launin ruwan kasa a bayan idanuwa. Sauran gashinsa launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu tare da tiren kirim, banda fararen fuka-fuka a gindin wutsiya. Launin lemar babban goggon gaggafa ya bayyana a hankali kuma a hankali, fuka-fukan sun canza launukan su, kamar wasu tsummoki a cikin mayafin kwalliya. An kafa launi na ƙarshe yana da shekaru 4-5. Saurayi mikiya masu farin ciki suna rikicewa wani lokaci da gaggafa ta Australiya. Amma daga garesu sun banbanta a cikin kai da jela mai launi, da kuma manyan fikafukai, sanannun tsuntsaye suna tashi.
Saurari muryar gaggafa mai dauke da farin ciki.
Wurin zama na gaggafa mai farin ciki.
Mikiya masu farin ciki suna zaune a bakin teku, tare da yankunan bakin teku da tsibirai. Suna samar da nau'i-nau'i na dindindin, waɗanda suka mallaki yanki na dindindin cikin shekara. A ƙa'ida, tsuntsaye suna zama a saman bishiya ko suna shawagi a kan kogin tare da iyakokin rukunin yanar gizon su. Mikiya masu farin ciki sun tashi kadan, suna neman shimfidar wurare. Lokacin da yankin yake da dazuzzuka, kamar yadda yake a cikin Borneo, tsuntsayen da ke farauta ba sa shiga sama da kilomita 20 daga kogin.
Yaduwar farar mikiya.
Ana samun gaggafa mai dauke da farin ciki a Ostiraliya da Tasmania. Yankin rarrabawar ya fadada zuwa New Guinea, da Bismarck Archipelago, Indonesia, China, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Indiya da Sri Lanka. Tsarin ya hada da Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos. Kuma har ila yau Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.
Fasali na halayyar gaggafa mai farin ciki.
Da rana, gaggafa masu farin ciki suna tashi ko kuma suna tafiya a tsakanin bishiyoyi a kan duwatsu da ke kusa da kogi, inda tsuntsaye galibi ke farauta.
Yankin farautar wata gaggafa mai dauke da farin ciki karami ne, kuma mai farauta, a ka’ida, yana amfani da kwantan bauna iri-iri, ba dare ba rana. Sau da yawa don neman abin farauta, yakan nitse zuwa ruwa kuma ya nitse, yana samun abin farautar sa. A wannan yanayin, tsalle cikin ruwa tare da manyan fantsama suna da ban sha'awa. Itacen gaggafa mai farin ciki kuma yana farautar macizan teku, waɗanda ke tashi sama don yin numfashi. Wannan hanyar farauta halayyar mai farauta ce kuma ana yin ta ne daga babban tsayi.
Sake bugun gaggafa mai farin ciki.
Lokacin kiwo yana daga Oktoba zuwa Maris a Indiya, daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba a New Guinea, daga Yuni zuwa Disamba a Australia, daga Disamba zuwa Mayu a duk yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan wurare, lokacin daga oviposition zuwa ƙyanƙyashe kusan watanni bakwai ne kuma yana faruwa a wani ɓangare a cikin bazara ko rani. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda karancin yanayin zafi ke shafar kajin, wanda hakan ke rage karfin rayuwar kajin.
Lokacin saduwa don gaggafa mai-farin ciki yana farawa da waƙar waƙoƙi. Wannan yana biye da jiragen zanga-zanga tare da dabaru - gami da yin juyi, biyewa, ruwa, abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin iska. Waɗannan jiragen suna faruwa a cikin shekara, amma yawan su yana ƙaruwa yayin lokacin kiwo.
Mikiya masu farin ciki sun zama nau'i-nau'i a rayuwa. Mikiya masu farin ciki suna da mahimmanci game da yanayin damuwa. Idan sun kasance cikin damuwa yayin shiryawa, to tsuntsayen sun bar kamawa kuma basu ƙyanƙyashe zuriya a wannan lokacin ba. Babban gida yana kan bishiya mai tsayi kusan mita 30 daga ƙasa. Koyaya, wani lokacin tsuntsaye suna yin gida a ƙasa, a cikin daji, ko kan duwatsu idan ba a sami itace mai dacewa ba.
Matsakaicin girman gurbi faɗinsa ya kai mita 1.2 zuwa 1.5, zurfin zurfin mita 0.5 zuwa 1.8.
Kayan gini - rassa, ganye, ciyawa, algae.
A farkon lokacin kiwo, tsuntsaye suna sanya sabbin ganyayyaki da igan itace. Sauya gurbi yana da faɗi 2.5 m kuma zurfin 4.5 m.
Girman kama daga ƙwai ɗaya zuwa uku ne. A cikin haɗuwar kwai fiye da ɗaya, kajin farko na ƙyanƙyashe, kuma galibi sai ya hallaka sauran. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 35 - 44. Qwai sun hada da mata da na miji. Eaurarun gaggafa masu farin ciki a cikin kwanaki 65 na farko na rayuwa, bayan haka sai su zama kajin. Birdsan tsuntsaye suna zama tare da iyayensu na wata ɗaya - watanni huɗu, kuma suna samun independentancin kai gaba ɗaya suna ɗan shekara uku zuwa shida. Mikiya masu farin ciki suna iya hayayyafa tsakanin shekara uku zuwa bakwai.
Abinci mai gina jiki na farin-mikiya.
Mikiya masu farin ciki suna cin abinci musamman akan dabbobin ruwa irin su kifi, kunkuru da macizan teku. Koyaya, suna kama tsuntsaye da dabbobin daji. Waɗannan mafarauta ne, masu ƙwarewa da lalata, masu iya kamo manyan ganima, har girman girman sikila. Suna kuma cin mushe, gami da gawar raguna ko ragowar kifin da ya mutu a kan bankunan. Suna kuma karɓar abinci daga wasu tsuntsayen lokacin da suke ɗaukar ganima a cikin farcensu. Mikiya masu farin ciki suna farauta su kadai, biyu-biyu ko a cikin kananan kungiyoyin dangi.
Matsayin kiyayewa na gaggafa mai farin ciki.
An rarraba gaggafa mai kalanar a matsayin astananan Damuwa ta IUCN kuma tana da matsayi na musamman ƙarƙashin CITES.
Wannan jinsin yana da kariya ta doka a cikin Tasmania.
Adadin yawan mutanen na da wahalar kimantawa, amma an yi amannar tsakanin mutane 1,000 zuwa 10,000. Adadin tsuntsayen yana ta raguwa a hankali sakamakon tasirin anthropogenic, harbi, guba, asarar muhalli saboda sare bishiyoyi kuma, mai yuwuwa, yawan amfani da magungunan qwari
Mikiya mai farin ciki tana gab da zama jinsin masu rauni. Don kariya, ana ƙirƙirar wuraren adana wurare a cikin wuraren da wani ɗan dabban daji mai saurin sauka. Wataƙila irin waɗannan matakan za su rage rikice-rikice ga nau'ikan kiwo iri biyu kuma zai hana ci gaba da raguwar lambobin tsuntsaye akai-akai
