Tsuntsaye masu daukar ciki sune wadanda suke zama a kasar su ta asali duk shekara. Dabbobi ba sa jagorar dabbobi da yawa ta yanayin iska kamar yadda suke iyawa da ƙayyadaddun wadatar abinci a yankin.
Dumi a cikin yanayin sanyi shine kawai don tsuntsaye masu wadatar abinci. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsuntsun hunturu ya sami damar samun abinci tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara. Dangane da haka, jinsunan kwari suna yin hijira kudu a cikin hunturu. Kasance cikin wadar zuci tare da 'ya'yan itacen berry, tsaba, da masu farautar ɓeraye da kurege. Akwai kusan nau'in tsuntsaye masu hunturu 70 a Rasha.
Kurciya
Yanayin jikinsu, kamar sauran tsuntsayen, digiri 41 ne. Wannan wata hujja ce guda daya cewa a gaban abinci, fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai basu damu ba. Kurciya ba sauki tsuntsayen hunturu, amma an “ɗaura” shi zuwa takamaiman wuri. Tashi daga "gida na asali" na dubban kilomita, launin toka-toka-koyaushe yana dawowa. Mutane sun yi amfani da wannan ta hanyar fara aika wasiƙu tare da tattabarai.
Dauke su zuwa wurin adireshin, tsuntsayen sun dawo. Masana kimiyya sunyi jayayya game da yadda tsuntsaye ke samun hanyar komawa gida. Wasu suna nufin filayen maganadisu. Wasu kuma sun gaskata cewa taurari ne ke jagorantar tattabarai. Pigeons suna da aminci ba kawai ga ƙasashensu na asali ba, har ma ga abokan tarayya. An zabi nau'ikan tsuntsaye sau daya kuma don rayuwa, kamar swans.
Kurciya suna da alaƙa da mahalli kuma basa barin su lokacin da suke da abinci.
Gwataran
Rukunan tsuntsayen hunturu kunshi nau'ikan da yawa. Akwai mutane biyu da ke zaune a Rasha: birni da filin. Latterarshen ƙarshen hali ne na yankunan karkara. Adadin gwarare a doron duniya ya kusan biliyan daya. A kan haka, tsuntsu daya na mutane 8.
La'akari da cewa tsuntsaye suna cin hatsi, wannan barazana ce ga girbi. A cikin PRC, har ma sun aiwatar da aiki don lalata gwarare. Bayan gano cewa ba za su iya tashi sama da mintina 15 ba, sai mutane suka tsoratar da tsuntsayen, ba su damar sauka zuwa kasa. Kimanin mutane miliyan 2 suka mutu. Koyaya, in babu gwara, farau farau - wani abincin marmari ga tsuntsaye. Ta ci girbin maimakon tsuntsaye.
Kamar tattabarai, gwarare sukan zaɓi aboki ɗaya don rayuwa. A lokaci guda, tsuntsaye suna da jini mai zafi. Maimakon digiri 41, jikin gwara yana zafin har zuwa 44 tsohon. Wannan shi ne halin kananan tsuntsaye. Suna rasa kuzari da sauri. Abin sha’awa, gwara yana da wuyar ninkawa sau 2 a wuya. Yana da game da tsawon gutsutsuren. A cikin gwarare, suna kwance.
Crossbill
Wannan tsuntsu na dangin finch tare da lanƙwasa, baki mai lankwasa. An ƙaddara tsarinta ta aiki. Kullun yana ɗaukar hatsi daga Cones tare da bakinta. A lokaci guda, ana jin alamar haruffa. Saboda haka kuma sunan hunturu tsuntsaye.
Duk da daidaitawar bakin, gicciyen ba za su iya fitar da duk ɗanyun pine ba. Cones da tsuntsayen suka jefa suna tsabtace ɓarnar. Maza daga cikin jinsunan suna ja-kasa-kasa, yayin da mata suke da launin toka-kore-rawaya. Tsuntsaye suna zama irin wannan har zuwa shekaru 3. A matsayinka na manya, giciye ba su wuce santimita 20 a tsayi kuma suna auna kusan gram 50.
Saurari muryar gicciye
Giciye ba sauki hunturu tsuntsaye na Rashayayin raira waƙa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Ana jin "Trills" har ma a digiri 50 na sanyi. A -30 crossbills a hankali ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai kuma haifar da zuriya.
Hankaka
Wani irin aku a cikin Rashanci. Ravens suna dacewa sosai da bauta. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a ciki tsawon shekaru 40. A dabi'a, matsakaiciyar rayuwar hankaka shekara 20 ce. A cikin mutane, tsuntsaye suna fahimtar ƙwarewar magana, magana da kuma aku macaw.
Hankalin hankaka, ta hanyar, ya dace da ci gaban yara yearan shekaru 5. Tsuntsaye suna warware matsaloli iri ɗaya. Daya daga cikin alamun hankali shine hanyar kare gidajen. Hankaka yakan jefi abokan gaba da duwatsu, yana ɗauke su da ƙarfi.
A cikin abinci, tsuntsaye ba su da ma'ana, suna shan hatsi, kayan lambu, da burodi. Tsuntsayen sukan lalata gidajen wasu tsuntsayen. Amma, abin da aka fi so da hankaka shi ne mushe. Akwai shi da yawa a lokacin sanyi, saboda ba duk dabbobi bane zasu iya jure sanyi. nan tsuntsaye kuma zauna zuwa hunturu
Mene ne kujerun duhu. Mutane da yawa suna faɗin haka. Ra'ayin da tsuntsayen suke yi ba shi da alaƙa sosai da launin baƙar fata kamar yadda yake zuwa a makabarta. A wurin hankakan suke neman gawa.
A cikin makabartu na zamani, ba safai ake cin abinci ba kuma, ba shakka, ba tare da jikin mutane ba. Amma a zamanin da, lokacin da annoba ta barke, ba a daukar masu laifi da matalauta koyaushe don binnewa, hankaka ya cika filin binnewa.
Crowayoyi ɗayan ɗayan tsuntsaye ne masu wayo, suna iya tsira koda da tsananin sanyi.
Bullfinch
Na dangin finch ne. Tsuntsayen sun fi na gwarare kadan, amma jikin bijimin ya fi yawa. Maza sun fita waje da nono ja wur. A cikin mata, suna da ruwan hoda-toka. Kamar hankaka, bullfinches ba sa damuwa da kamewa. Ba su fara magana, amma suna iya koyon diesan waƙa da bushe-bushe.
Babban jikin bijimin da ke cikin bauta yakan zama mai kiba. Tsuntsayen ba sa ƙoshi, kuma masu su suna cin abincin tsuntsayen. A dabi'a, ta hanyar, suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka ko kuma a cikin "tsibirai" na bishiyoyi a cikin matattakalar. Bullfinches ba dadi a cikin bude wurare.
Saurari waƙar bullfinch
Bullfinches ba koyaushe suna cikin jerin ba tsuntsayen hunturu. Game da tsuntsaye, yana da wuya a faɗi haka kamar game da gicciye. Digiri 50 a ƙasa da sifili don bullfinch yana da mahimmanci. Saboda haka, yawan jama'a daga kan iyakokin arewacin gandun daji taiga suna shafe watanni da yawa a kudu. Bullfinches na tsakiyar Rasha suna rayuwa a ciki duk shekara.
Tit
Tsuntsu mai nauyin gram 20 yana cin kwari 500-600 da kuma tsutsan kwari a rana. Wannan shine abincin tsuntsaye a lokacin bazara, wanda suke ciyarwa a cikin dazuzzuka da filaye, yana kiyaye su daga kwari. A lokacin sanyi, tsuntsayen sukan koma birane, suna ciyar da ragowar abincin ɗan adam, suka zubar da tsaba, burodin burodi da hatsi daga masu ciyar da su, a cikin shara.
Babban abu ba shine cin burodin baƙi. Yana da tasiri mai illa ga lafiyar tsuntsayen. Cikin su ba zai iya narkar da sitacin hatsin rai ba, kuma sinadarin acid daga burodin baƙar fata yana haifar da kumburi a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Wannan yana cike da tarin yawa ga tsuntsaye.
Tsuntsaye ya kasu kashi 65. A Rasha, babban abu ne gama gari. Wakilanta sun kai santimita 17 a tsayi. Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna girmamawa a cikin Rasha. A cikin karni na 17, an ma hana kashe tsuntsaye ta hanyar dokar sarki. An ci tarar waɗanda suka karya doka.
An kafa ranar Sinichkin a cikin Rasha ta zamani. Ana bikin ne a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba. Yana da al'ada don yin feeders da rataye su a kan bishiyoyi. Yara a makarantu suna zana hotuna tare da nonon. Hukumomi suna shirya bukukuwa.
Waxwings
Waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu ƙyalƙyali da baƙƙen fata tare da kan hulɗa, bakin ido, da rarrafe, da fikafikai da wutsiya. A tsayi, tsuntsaye sun kai santimita 20, nauyinsu yakai gram 60. Ana ganin jajayen specks a saman fikafikan, da layin rawaya a wutsiya. Godiya ga kyawawan layinsu, ana san waxwings da suna goldfinches.
A Rasha tsuntsaye hibernate. Wane irin shin gefan fuka-fukai suna zaba? Sun fi son gauraye da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyin Birch. Garkuwa suna tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri don neman abinci. Irin wadannan tsuntsayen ana kiransu makiyaya.
Ana saurin cire ƙwayoyin Waxms daga gidajensu a wani yanki, suna rugawa zuwa wani. Tsuntsaye suna neman filin daga tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin farin ciki na barberry ko viburnum. A cikin gandun daji, kakin zuma suna neman daskararren lingonberries.
A lokacin bazara, ana sake cin abincin kakin zuma tare da midges da ganye. Tsuntsayen suna narkar dasu gaba daya. Berries abinci ne mai nauyi don gyambon ciki. 'Ya'yan itacen suna fitowa ne kawai a narke. Wannan yana taimakawa germination iri a cikin bazara.
Jay
Yana nufin wucewa. Tsuntsun ya kai tsawon santimita 34 kuma yakai kimanin gram 180. Tsuntsun yana cin ciyawar spruce, sunflowers, hatsin hatsi. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, abin da aka fi so da jay shine acorns. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukan su ba wai kawai suna cin abinci ne a wurin ba, har ma da binnewa a ƙasa a ajiye. Jay ta shahara saboda iya kwaikwayon muryoyin wasu dabbobi, sautuna daban-daban. Tsuntsu yana sauƙaƙa maimaita ƙyauren ƙofa, haushin karnuka, da daddare.
Saurari muryar jay
Jin jay ya fi gani. Fushin fesa a hankali. Idan kun fi sa'a, sai ku ga wani tsuntsu mai kyan gani wanda yake fari da shuɗi mai walƙiya a fuka-fukansa, ƙaramin ƙugu a kansa. Baya ga abincin shuke-shuke, jay na hango wasan, yana iya cin qwai na sauran tsuntsaye ko tuni yayan kaji.
Magpie
Ba wai kawai taken bera da ɓarawo ba ne, har ma da mafi tsuntsu mai hankali. Magpies ne kawai ke gane kansu a cikin madubi, ba tare da ƙididdigar ɗayan mai gashin ba. Tsuntsaye suna gane mutane ta fuskokinsu, adadi, kamar karnukan gida.
Magpies da kansu ma ba sa son a hora su. A cikin bauta, tsuntsaye suna koyon kidaya da daidaitawa don tsabtace kejinsu. Don wannan, magpies suna amfani da shebur na yara, guntun kwali, raguna waɗanda masu su suka ba su. Hankalin arba'in ana danganta shi da girman yanki na ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin kwakwalwar su. Shafin yana da girma kamar na mutum.
Yayinda hankalin arba'in bai sami bayanin kimiyya ba, sai suka dauki na sihiri. Misali, a cikin karni na 19, Misali, Alexei ya hana fararen bangarorin zuwa Moscow. Firist ɗin ya yi imanin cewa mayu sun zo babban birnin ne da sunan tsuntsaye. Magpies suna ciyar da abin da zasu yi, suna iya ƙayyadewa da kuma shayar da ciyayi. Yawan iko da hankali duka duo ne wanda ke ba magogi damar tsira koda a cikin tsananin hunturu.
Magpies ba sa son canza mazauninsu kuma har ma mutane suna azabtar da su cikin sauƙi.
Goldfinch
Wannan tsuntsu ne na dangin finch. Wani fasali na musamman shine tabo ja a kai. Kusa da fararen kunci da rawanin baƙar fata, jan zane ya bambanta, kyakkyawa. Saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Goldfinches sun kai santimita 17 a tsayi kuma sunkai kimanin gram 20.
Duk da ƙarancin girman su, ana ganin gwal a matsayin mayaƙa. Wannan saboda yanayin mahimmancin mallakar ne. Goldfinches suna yaƙi don yankunan da suke ɗaukar nasu. Goldfinches suna ciyar da tsabar ciyawar, misali, sarƙaƙƙiya. Tsuntsaye suna tattara abinci, suna tashi daga filin zuwa wancan, suna nemanta a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara da kuma a kan busassun tsire-tsire da ke makale a sama da shi.
Farin Owl
Na zabi yankuna na polar na Rasha. Sakin ƙasa, amma yalwataccen plumage yana taimakawa tsira a can. Iskar da ke ciki tana riƙe da dumin jikin mujiya, ba barin sanyi a waje. Tsuntsayen polar suna samun abincinsu tare da taimakon gudu mai sauri da walƙiya, hangen nesa. A cikin hasken kyandir na yau da kullun, mujiya tana ganin wanda aka azabtar da shi mita 300 nesa. Hares, martens, rodents, lemmings sun haɗu a cikin fika da baki na mai farautar.
A cikin shekarun talauci na ganima, mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara suna ƙaura zuwa yankin gandun daji-steppe. Tsuntsu yana da girma, tsawonsa yakai santimita 70. Wanda yake da gashin fuka-fukin yana samun kilogram 3. Harry Potter ya ba da kusan abu a hannunsa. Gwarzo na aikin, JK Rowling, galibi yana amfani da sabis na Buckley. Wannan shine sunan farin mujiya, wanda yayi aiki a matsayin manzo ga mayen.
Mai kwalliya
Tsuntsayen suna cin abincin goro. A gare su, tsuntsun yana da jakar hyoid. Kayan goro na dauke da kwaya kusan 100 a ciki. Taiga ta Rasha tana da wadataccen itacen al'ul, wanda ke nufin cewa tsuntsun ba shi da buƙatar tashi a lokacin sanyi. Wasu daga cikin Cones suna kan bishiyoyi a lokacin sanyi.
Muna ɓoye ɓoyayyen goro waɗanda ba su dace da jakar hyoid ba a cikin radius na nisan kilomita 2-4 daga itacen da suka nuna a kansa. A lokacin hunturu, ana binne wuraren ajiya a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a lokacin rani a cikin ƙasa. Akwai abin tunawa ga kayan goro a Rasha. Yana tsaye a Tomsk. Birnin Siberia yana kewaye da itacen al'ul. Mazaunan yankin sun san kuma suna son mazaunansu, suna yaba ta duk shekara.
Mujiya
An jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Tsuntsu yana iya jure hunturu na lokacin Rasha, amma ba zai iya daidaitawa da raguwa ba saboda lalacewar taiga ta fiefdom. Koyaya, owls suna iya rayuwa cikin bauta. A gidajen zoo da masu mallakarsu, tsuntsaye sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 68. A dabi'a, shekarun mujiya na mikiya sun iyakance zuwa shekaru 20. Kamar farin mujiya, mujiya tana farautar rodents, hares, martens.
Tsuntsaye suna kama su ba dare ba rana. Babban aiki shine da dare. Mujiyoyi na Mikiya suna yawan yin bacci da rana. Mujiya na Mikiya tana haɗiye ƙananan dabbobi gaba ɗaya. Tsuntsayen sun fara yayyaga manyan wadanda abin ya shafa cikin guda wadanda zasu iya matsi cikin makogoro. An yi rikodin al'amuran mujiya na gaggafa da ke kai wa samari dawa da dabbobin daji. Wannan yana nuna girman tsuntsayen.
Nuthatch
Tsuntsu yana da baya mai laushi da farin ciki. Gefun fuka-fukan jajaye ne masu ratsin baki. A kan ƙafafun - ƙusoshin kaifi masu lankwasa. Tare da su, goro ke tonowa cikin kututtukan bishiya, suna motsi cikin sauri kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba tare da su. Tsuntsun yana neman ɓoyayyen kwari, tsutsarsu. Baki mai tsayi mai tsayi yana ba da damar ƙwaya don samun su a lokacin sanyi. Tsuntsun yana nazarin kowane fashewa a cikin haushi da shi.
Nuthatches sun fi son zama a cikin gandun daji na itacen oak. Inda itacen oak ba ya girma, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar wuraren shakatawa tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Nuthatches suna neman bishiyoyi tare da ramuka, suna zama a cikinsu. Idan ƙofar gidan tana da faɗi, an rufe ta da yumbu. Nuthatches suna cikin wannan aikin a lokacin dumi.
Nuthatches sun fi son tsira daga sanyi ta wurin zama a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi
Ywaro mai rawaya
Hutun tsuntsaye ne kawai ya fi ƙanƙanta da shi. Tsuntsun yana da dutsen rawaya mai kama da kambi a kansa. Wannan ƙungiyar ta sa aka kira sarki mai fuka-fukai. Sarki baya ja, saboda girman mazari. Nauyin tsuntsun kusan gram 7 ne.
Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka daji. Ba kamar tsuntsaye masu birgewa ba, dwarfs ɗin Rasha tsakanin tsuntsaye suna jimre da mummunan yanayi. Ko da a lokacin hunturu, ƙwaro yakan sarrafa kwari da tsutsu. A ranar, tsuntsayen suna cin abinci kamar yadda suke auna nauyinsu.
Chizh
Anyi la'akari da ƙaura. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin siskin sun kasance don lokacin hunturu a Rasha. Tsuntsaye suna shirye su tsira daga hunturu anan kusa da jikkunan ruwan da basa daskarewa. Tsuntsayen suna shirya gidansu a cikin tushen bishiyoyin da ke kusa da su.
Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna da dabarun ɓoye gidajensu har suka zama jarumai na labarin dutsen da ba a iya gani. Kakanninmu sun yi imanin cewa an sanya irin wannan lu'ulu'u na siskin a ƙarƙashin gida, yana ɓoye shi daga idanuwan.
Hakanan ana kiran groan baƙar fata, kayan alatu, kayan jeji kuma na hunturu. Suna dumama da kansu ta hanyar binne kansu a cikin yawo. A karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, tsuntsayen suna neman abinci - hatsi da ganye a bara.
Black grouse yana amfani da dusar ƙanƙara azaman dumi na dare
A cikin tsananin sanyi, tsuntsaye suna ƙoƙari su guji yawo. Yankin jikin da yake ƙaruwa tare da buɗe fuka-fuki yana haifar da babbar hasara mai zafi. Fuka mai fuka-fukai yana fuskantar haɗarin daskarewa maimakon kama farauta ko zuwa wurare da yanayi mafi kyau.
Gasar tsuntsaye na Rasha
Bari muyi la'akari dalla-dalla game da nau'in tsuntsayen da suka rage zuwa hunturu a Rasha.
Tunda ba kowane irin aka lissafa a hoto na sama ba hunturu tsuntsaye na Rasha, saboda cikar cikawa, bari mu kira su: Garkuwa, Kuraye, Kurciya, Woodpecker, Nutcracker, Crossbill, King-yellow-headlet, Partridge, Muscovy, Owl, Nuthatch, Grouse, Waxwing, Tit, Bullfinch, White owl, Jay, Magpie, Grouse, Eagle owl , Lentils, Siskin, Goldfinch, Schur.
