Wata karamar dabba, a waje tana kama da linzamin kwamfuta daga majigin yara, kuma halinta yana kama da ƙaramar squirrel, shine - Hazel dormouse.
Ba da dadewa ba, ana iya samun wannan ƙaramin laya daga yankin Baltic zuwa yankin Volga, amma a yau ya fi sauƙi a gani Hazel dormouse a cikin Littafin Jafiye da tafiya a wurin shakatawa ko fili. Yanayi iri daya da adadin wadannan dabbobin ana lura dasu a duk duniya.
Fasali da mazaunin hazel dormouse
Mushlovka ko hazel dormouse, wannan ba linzamin kwamfuta bane ko kuma tsawa. Wannan dabbar tana da dangin ta - "masu bacci", wanda yake mallakar babbar ƙungiyar beraye. Ko da a kan hoto na hazel dormouse ana iya ganin cewa ta karama sosai. Lallai, duk cikin masu bacci, wannan jinsin shine mafi kankanta. Girman dabbar kawai:
- daga 10 zuwa 15 cm a tsayi, ban da wutsiya;
- tsawon wutsiya tare da goga daga 6 zuwa 8 cm;
- nauyi daga 15 zuwa 30 grams.
Babban abin alfahari da fasalin wannan dormouse shine rawan bakinsu, tsawon abin da yawun bakin ya kai 40-45% na jimlar dabbar. Game da launi, dabbobin suna kama da ƙaramin tabo na rana waɗanda aka ɓoye a cikin ganyen bishiyoyi, suna da jajaye, rigunan ocher, duk inuwar dumi mai haske, yayin da burushin wutsiya koyaushe ya fi jikin kansa duhu, kuma tumbin da gefen ciki na ƙafafu sun fi haske ...
A cikin littattafan zane hotunan hazel dormouse galibi ana nuna shi akan rassan bishiyoyi, wanda abin dogaro ne kwata-kwata, saboda dabbobin suna rayuwa ne a cikin gandun daji da ke daɗaɗɗen Turai, suna farawa daga kudancin Burtaniya kuma suna ƙarewa da yankin Volga na ƙasa, shi ma yana zaune a arewacin Turkiya.
Iyakar abin da aka keɓe shi ne Spain, inda muslin ba ya rayuwa kuma bai taɓa rayuwa ba. Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka tare da gandun daji masu arziki, sun fi son yaɗuwar:
- tashi kwatangwalo;
- hazel;
- viburnum;
- tsuntsu ceri;
- rowan;
- itacen oak;
- toka;
- linden
Wadannan bishiyoyi da shrubs suna ba dormouse abincin da suke buƙata sosai. Dormouse masu daskararre suna kewayewa, amma idan a cikin gandun dajin akwai wuraren da ke da bishiyun bishiyun bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi tare da ciyawar 'ya'yan itacen da yawa, to dabbobin suna son zama a irin wannan yankin.
Hakanan, fasalin wadannan dabbobin shine halin nutsuwarsu ga mutane, misali, ya isa Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da Hazel dormouse ana iya samun sa a kusan kowace ƙungiyar lambu ta yankin Yaroslavl. A ciki ne, a kan yankin ƙasarmu, cewa adadi mai yawa na waɗannan dabbobin sun rayu a cikin mahalli na asali.
Masu bacci suna aiki sosai a cikin gidajen tsuntsaye, suna zama a cikin ɗakuna da kuma ƙarƙashin rufin gidajen ƙasa kuma ana iya sauƙaƙe su a zahiri a lokacin bazara, wanda ke da matukar taimako wajen ciyar da wuraren shayarwa. Baƙon abu ba ne ga mazaunan bazara su ɗauki dabbobin da suka zo ta wannan hanyar zuwa gidajen birni don hunturu.
An kyale dormouse sosai a cikin bauta, kuma kiyaye dabbar ba ta da bambanci da mallakar hamster ko alade, dole ne ka yi la’akari da cewa dabbobin ba na dare ba ne.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar hazel dormouse
Dormouse yana da salon rayuwa, saboda kowace dabba yankin ta yana da matukar mahimmanci. A lokaci guda, mata suna "tafiya" kawai a cikin makircinsu, wanda girmansa a matsakaici ya fara daga hekta 0.6 zuwa 0.5, kuma maza ma suna tafiya fiye da iyakokin abin da suka mallaka nan da nan, tare da yanki na kadada 0.7 zuwa 1.
Ayyukan Dormouse ba zai fara ba da daddare, amma da yamma, jim kaɗan kafin faduwar rana ta farko kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa wayewar gari. Da rana, dabbobin suna yin barci, suna birgima a cikin gida, wanda, gabaɗaya, sun sami sunan su - dormouse.
Kowace dabba tana da gidaje da yawa na dindindin-gidajen akan kowane rukunin yanar gizo. Idan dormouse din kanta ta gina gida, to yawanci daga diamita yawanci daga 12 zuwa 20 cm, ana yin sa ne da bishiyoyi, gansakuka, ciyawar ciyawa da ganye, waɗanda aka liƙe cikin amintaccen ɗamarar da dormouse ɗin kanta, wanda ke da babban sanda. Tsayin wurin bai taɓa ƙasa da mita ba kuma ya fi biyu.
Koyaya, mawaƙa basu da ma'ana sosai kuma suna yarda su mamaye ramuka da gidajen wasu mutane, wasu lokuta akan tilasta "korar" daga can titmouses, sparrows, redstarts and other "istinbadi" masu.
Game da hali kuwa, bacci mai dad'i ne. Tare da masu haɗuwa, suna saduwa ne kawai yayin lokacin saduwa, kuma har ma ba koyaushe bane. A lokaci guda, dabbobin ba su da tsoro kuma suna da sha'awar gaske, har zuwa wani lokaci, sun kasance maƙaryata ne kuma abokantaka ne, wanda, gabaɗaya, yana sa saurin su ya zama mai sauƙi.
Don lokacin hunturu, masu bacci suna bacci, suna amfani da burbushin ƙasa don wannan, wanda kusan basu taɓa tona kansu ba, sun gwammace tsofaffin wuraren zama na wasu beraye. Tsawan lokacin rashin nutsuwa ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki kuma yawanci yakan tashi daga Oktoba zuwa Mayu.
Bugu da ƙari, idan zafin jiki ya sauko ƙasa da digiri 15, muskets ɗin na faɗuwa da raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi har ma a lokacin rani. Amma a tsayayyen zafin jiki sama da wannan alamar, ba sa buƙatar barci sam.
Ba sa yin hannun jari na hunturu, amma suna kula da mink a hankali don lokacin hunturu a duk lokacin bazara, a kowane minti na kyauta, wanda ba su da yawa, musamman tsakanin mata masu shayar da jarirai.
Gina Jiki
Kodayake Hazel dormouse kuma mai cin ganyayyaki, amma ba zai wuce ta ƙwai tsuntsaye ko tsutsa ba. Tushen abincin dabba, duk da haka, shine:
- 'ya'yan itace;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- tsaba;
- itacen girki;
- kirjin kirji;
- hatsi;
- albasa;
- linden kwayoyi
Idan lokacin bazara yayi da wuri kuma dumi, ma'ana, dabbobin suna tashi da wuri, to abincinsu ya kunshi na thinan itace masu laushi, buds da harbe-harben tsire-tsire.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na hazel dormouse
Tsawon rayuwa Hazel dormouse ba karami ba, a matsakaita, dabbobin suna rayuwa daga shekaru 2 zuwa 3, amma, idan aka tsare su a cikin bauta, shekarunsu sukan wuce shekaru 6-7.
Yawan mace-macen ba ya shafar kasancewar masu farauta, tunda dormouse ba ya cin abincin kowane mutum, da ƙyar ya zama ganimar haɗari. Aan gajeriyar rayuwa da yawan mutuwa, alal misali, a yankin Mosko, ya zarce kashi 70%, saboda yanayi da canjin yanayi.
Dabbobin suna yin aboki a lokacin bazara-bazara, lokacin da mace zata iya kawo litter 2, a lokacin zafi mai dumi - litters 3. Ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 22 zuwa 25, jarirai masu shayarwa - kwanaki 25 zuwa 30.
Koyaya, idan lokacin rani yayi sanyi da damina, mushe ba sa yin abokai kwata-kwata, suna fifita kada suyi nisa da gidajensu.
Sonya an haifeshi makaho kuma bashi da komai, sun zama kamar karamar dabba a ranar 18-20 na rayuwarsu. Muslovki iyayen kirki ne; babu batun uwa mai cin ɗiya a cikin kowane gidan zoo ko kuma a cikin dabbobi masu zaman kansu. Wannan yana nuna cewa a dabi'a, masu bacci ba sa kashe jarirai.
Masu bacci suna shiga rayuwa mai zaman kanta a cikin kwanaki 35-40, amma, jarirai daga ƙarshen juji ko waɗanda ba su sami yankinsu ba suna shiga cikin nutsuwa tare da mahaifiyarsu.
Bayanin hazel dormouse ba zai zama cikakke ba tare da ambaton cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba kawai suna jin daɗin dabbobi ba ne kuma ana sauƙaƙa musu sauƙi, suna musayar dazuzzuka don aviary a cikin gida, amma an yi kiwonsu kuma an sayar da su azaman dabbobi na dogon lokaci, akwai ma kulake ga masoyansu da kuma ƙoƙari na asali don kiwo sabuwa-manya da na kiwo.
Sayi hazel dormouse, an riga an haife ku a gida, zaku iya ko dai ta hanyar talla, ko kuma a dandamali na musamman na magoya bayan waɗannan dabbobi, ko kuma a shagunan dabbobi. Farashin jarirai ya bambanta daga 230 zuwa 2000 rubles.
