Wani babban, kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai ganima, yana shawagi na tsawon awanni a cikin sararin samaniya da filaye, yana zuwa lokacin bazara da tashi sama don hunturu, wannan shine - mikiya mai hangowa... Da yawa daga cikinsu sun gani a kan titunan biranen shakatawa, a cikin da'irori, a cikin fina-finai, manyan tsuntsaye na ganima, suna nuna ƙididdigar hankali, ba ta wata ƙasa da karnuka ɗaya a cikin hankali, biyayya ga mutane da haƙuri game da ƙarin kulawa ga kansu.
Ko a cikin hotuna daga yin fim din fina-finai ko kuma kawai daga tituna cike da masu yawon bude ido, kuna iya gani da irin hikima da basirar waɗannan tsuntsayen. 'Yan mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa su shaho ne ko falkoki, amma yawancin waɗannan hoto – mikiya mai hangowa.
Fasali da mazaunin gaggafa
Wani fasali na waɗannan ƙawayen da ke tashi sama shine kasu kashi biyu:
- babba;
- karami.
Bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan shine kawai a cikin girman mafarautan masu fuka-fukai.Babban Mikiya Mai Haske ya kai fuka-fuki wanda yakai cm 170-190, yana da nauyi daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 4, kuma yayi tsayi zuwa 65-75 cm Launin fuka-fukan yawanci duhu ne, tare da tabo mai haske. Amma wani lokacin ma ana samun tsuntsaye masu haske, wanda ba safai ake samunsu ba.
Fari, yashi ko cream inuwa a cikin launin fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, manyan gaggafa a cikin al'adu da dama an dauke su da tsarki, suna kawo nufin alloli. A ƙarshen Zamani na Tsakiya a Turai, an ɗauka yana da matukar daraja a sami irin wannan tsuntsu a matsayin mai laulayi, zuwa farauta tare da shi ya tabbatar da babban rabo tare da jaddada matsayinta da arzikinta.
A cikin hoton akwai gaggafa mai hangen nesa
Sarkin Prussia, Frederick, wanda ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da kowa, gami da Rasha, yana da irin wannan mikiya mai taushi a hankali.Eagananan Mikiya kwafi ne na babba, fikafikan sa lokacin tashin sa ya kai cm 100-130, irin wannan "tsakaitaccen" tsuntsu yana da nauyin kilogram daya da rabi zuwa biyu, kuma tsawon jiki ya kai 55-65 cm.
Wadannan tsuntsayen tsoffin abokai ne na Don Cossacks. Ko da a karnin da ya gabata, ba shi yiwuwa a kalli sama a kan Don, kuma ba a lura da gaggafar gaggafa da ke tashi a ciki ba. Hakanan, wannan nau'in tsuntsaye masu gashin tsuntsaye masu kewaya sun zagaye Volga, da Neva, da kuma kan dazukan kusa da Moscow. Kusan kusan duk yankin Turai na Rasha kuma ba kawai ba.
Dangane da bayanan bayanan tarihi, gaggafa ce ta hango wadanda suka raka Vladislav Tepes da Malyuta Skuratov. An gabatar da irin wannan tsuntsu ga Otrepiev a wani bikin aure bayan bikin auren sa da Misis Mnishek, amma False Dmitry na wata karamar mikiya ce ko, amma, babba, ba a san ta ba.
A hoto, tsuntsun shine Karamin Mikiya
Mazaunin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu wayo da kyau suna da fadi sosai. Ana iya samun su, farawa daga Finland kuma suna ƙarewa da latitude na Tekun Azov. Hakanan kuma gaggafa masu hango suna zaune a cikin China kuma wani ɓangare a Mongolia.
A Mongolia, an fizgunta su kuma ana amfani dasu don farauta da kare kariya daga kerkeci. A kasar Sin, gaggafa mai daddawa halayya ce ta tatsuniyoyi masu yawa, kuma tatsuniyoyi suna danganta su ga tsuntsayen nan masu shiga farautar karnukan dawakai da kuma taimakawa a cikin sintirin da ke kan babbar hasumiyar China.
Mikiya da aka hango suna tashi zuwa hunturu a Indiya, Afirka, kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya - Pakistan, Iraki da Iran, zuwa kudu da Tekun Indochina. Baya ga ƙaura, ire-iren waɗannan tsuntsayen, a Indiya akwai jinsin waɗannan tsuntsayen daban - mikiya mai tsinkayen Indiya.
Ya fi ƙanƙan "dangi", yana da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, jiki mai faɗi kuma mai kyau kuma ya fi son farautar kwadi, macizai da sauran tsuntsaye. Da kyar fikafikan ya wuce cm 90, kuma tsawon jiki yakai cm 60. Duk da haka, "Indiyawan" suna da nauyi sosai - daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 3.
Hakanan yana da sauƙin sauƙi kuma, bisa ga bayanan mutanen Burtaniya waɗanda suka yi nazari kan yanayi da hanyar rayuwar Indiya a lokacin mulkin mallaka, a wancan lokacin babu wani raja, vizier, ko kuma wani attajiri a ƙasar da ba shi da gaggafa gaggafa mai maye gurbin mongose a cikin manyan fadoji. rayuwa galibi tsakanin Indiyawa na tsakiyar matsakaita da wadata.
Da yake magana game da mazaunin gaggafa masu lura, ya kamata a lura cewa ba sa rayuwa a cikin matattarar ruwa, tunda suna gida a cikin bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Sabili da haka, a cikin tudu ana iya ganin sa kawai kusa da koguna inda akwai yanayin nest. A wasu tsaunuka masu nisa na arewa, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar gefunan gandun daji, kusa da makiyaya da filaye. Hakanan gaggafa da aka hango ba su daina yin shuru a kan fadama ba.
Koyaya, akwai shaidu da yawa daga mafarauta da masu kula da wasa cewa ana iya ganin gaggafa mai hangowa tana tafiya a hankali a kan hanyoyi, amma ba a san gaskiyar wannan shaidar ba.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar gaggafa
Mikiya mai hangowa – tsuntsu mahimmancin zamantakewa da dangi, a lokaci guda mai mutunci sosai. An kafa ma'aurata don rayuwa, kamar dai gida. Tsuntsayen dangi na iya gina ta da kansu, ko kuma za su iya zama a ɓoye fanken baƙar fata, shaho ko sauran manyan tsuntsaye. Ala kulli halin, daga shekara zuwa shekara za su koma ga wannan gida na musamman, suna inganta shi koyaushe, gyara shi da kuma rufe shi.
Domin tsuntsayen su fara shirya sabon wurin buhu da gina wasu "gidaje" wa kansu, wani abu daga cikin talakawa dole ne ya faru, misali, guguwa mai guguwa, ko kuma wani mai satar itace da sarƙa.
Yankewar mutane ne, da shimfida hanyoyi, da faɗaɗa birane, da sanya layukan wutar lantarki wanda ya sa tsuntsayen suka buga shafuka Littafin Ja, da babban mikiya yana gab da halaka. Mikiya da aka hango ba tsuntsaye bane masu wayo, suma suna da wayo, suna iya hango sabbin yanayi kuma zasu dace dasu.
Wannan yana tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa idan zai yuwu kada a nemi abinci, misali, yayin yin gida kusa da wani yanki na mulkin gophers ko voles, gaggafa mai hangowa ba ta shawagi a tsawanta kamar yadda ya saba na mita dubu, amma yana kai hari daga wani wuri, daga kwanton bauna.
Tsuntsun yana da halaye na lumana, nutsuwa, da kuma kaifi da son hankali. Waɗannan halayen ne suka sa horarwar waɗannan tsuntsaye suka yiwu. GAME DA juyawa kuma kira mikiya mai hangowa yayi rubuce rubuce sosai a tsakiyar karni na 19 a almanacs na yau da kullun "Yanayi da Farauta" da "Kalanda farauta".
Har ila yau, wannan tsari, wanda ake kira kira, yanzu - horo, kuma a zahiri yana horar da tsuntsu don farauta, ta hanyar kwatankwacinsa da kare, an yi cikakken bayani a littafin S. Levshin "Littafin Ga Mafarauta", wanda aka buga a 1813 kuma aka sake buga shi har zuwa 50s na baya karni, kuma a cikin ayyukan S. Aksakov, a bangaren mai taken - "Farauta tare da shaho don kwarto", wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1886.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, babu abin da ya canza, sai dai kawai Bashkirs da Mongols ne ke amfani da waɗannan tsuntsayen don farauta a yau. Amma game da daddare da gaggawar mikiya, akwai nuance guda daya a ciki.
Abokin ɗan adam na gaba ya zama ɗan saurayi, wanda ya riga ya iya tashi ya ciyar da kansa, amma bai taɓa tafiya tare da garken zuwa wuraren hunturu ba kuma ba shi da abokin aure. Akwai labaran cewa sun debi tsuntsayen da suka ji rauni, kuma bayan sun dawo da gaggafa gaggafa ba su tashi ko'ina ba.
Wannan abu ne mai yiyuwa, amma sai idan halayen tashi ba su gama murmurewa ba, kuma tsuntsun ya ji shi, yana sane da kyau cewa a dabi'a ba zai rayu ba koda kuwa gaggafar da ta hango ita kadai ce. Tabbas tsuntsayen dangi zasu koma gidansu na asali a farkon dama.
Abincin gaggafa da aka hango
Mikiya da aka hango masu farauta ne da kuma mafarauta, amma ba 'yan iska ba. Tare da abincinsu, suna iya yin kusan duk abin da ya dace da girman su - daga masu matsakaitan dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa tsuntsaye. Koyaya, koda gaggafa mai hango yunwa ba zata taɓa mushen ba.
Tushen abincin tsuntsaye sune beraye, gophers, zomaye, zomo, kwadi, macizai masu rarrafe don dumi kansu, da kwarto. Tsuntsaye ma suna son sha da "fantsama". Mikiya mai hangowa, wannan ita ce gaggafa kawai da ake iya gani a hankali tana shiga cikin ruwa tare da faratan faratan da aka nufa don farauta.
Babban Abincin Cutar Mikiya aladu, turkey da kaji suna fadada sau da yawa, wani lokacin yakan farauta ba kawai mazaunan gona ba, har ma da baƙar fata. Koyaya, gaggafa masu lura da duwatsu suna zuwa gonaki ne kawai idan abincin "dabi'a" bai ishe su ba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar gaggafa
Wadannan kyawawa suna isa gida ne a karshen watan Maris da farkon Afrilu, anan ne zasu fara gyaran gidan. Tuni a farkon watan Mayu, ƙwai sun bayyana a cikin gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, ɗaya ne kawai.
Wani lokaci - biyu, amma wannan ba safai ba, kuma ƙwai uku ne kawai abin ban mamaki. Qwayoyin mata ne ke daukar kwayayen, yayin da namijin ke ciyar da ita sosai, saboda haka, watan Mayu shine lokacin da ake farautar wadannan tsuntsaye.
Kaji suna fasa harsashi, a matsakaita, bayan kwana 40, kuma suna tashi a reshe a cikin makonni 7-9, yawanci a tsakiyar layi wannan tsakiyar Agusta ne. Mikiya da aka hango suna koyon yadda za su tashi sama da farauta daidai da yadda yara ke hawa keke, ma’ana, tare da faɗuwa da kuskure. Wannan yana ba da damar kamawa da hora su.
A cikin hoton akwai kaho tsinken gaggafa
A wasu wuraren shakatawa na gargajiya, kaji ba sa bayyana kowace shekara, alal misali, a Estonia akwai hutun shekaru uku a cikin kiwo na mikiya. Ya sake dawowa ne kawai yayin sake sake keɓewa na wucin gadi a cikin filayen kusa da wuraren nest, wanda, kamar yadda ya bayyana, manoman yankin sun hallaka shi gaba ɗaya shekara guda kafin kaji sun bayyana.
Dangane da ran rayuwa, a karkashin yanayi mai kyau da ya hango gaggafa na rayuwa tsawon shekaru 20-25, a gidajen zoo suna rayuwa har zuwa 30. Lokacin da aka tsare su a cikin fursuna, bayanai kan shekarun sun bambanta sosai, kuma suna tsakanin 15 zuwa 30 shekaru.
