"Littafin Red Book na Yukren ya zama menu." Wannan shine taken labarin a jaridar VESTI. An kwafa shi akan tashar vesti-ukr. 'Yar jaridar Maria Razenkova ta gudanar da bincike a cikin jerin gidajen cin abinci a Kiev.
Ya zama cewa a cikin su da yawa daga cikin abokan cinikin yau da kullun ana yi musu yankan rago, sara ko sara, igiyar beaver casseroles. Akwai abubuwa sama da 10 a cikin menu na inuwar, rabinsu nama ne daga dabbobin Red Book.
Idan akwai nau'ikan 85 a cikin fitowar ta 1980, to a fitowar ƙarshe ta littafin akwai kusan 600. Maria Razenkova, kamar sauran masana, da yawa, tana gunaguni game da rashin kulawar mutum. Dabbobi sun riga sun zalunce su saboda ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane, yanayin ƙasa da muhalli suna canzawa saboda shi.
Me yasa bugu da kari kan wariyar da wasu nau'ikan halittu? Bari muyi kokarin tuna wasu daga cikinsu. Bari mu fara da launin ruwan kasa. Da alama baƙon abu ne, amma a yankin ƙasar Ukraine yana fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Waɗanne irin cutlets suke ...
Brown kai
Countididdigar ƙarshe ba ta kai 500 bears a cikin dukan Ukraine. Mafi yawan kwancen kafa suna zaune a Transcarpathia. Kimanin mutane ɗari aka rubuta a cikin yankunan Lviv da Chernivtsi. Sauran beyar suna zaune a Sumy da Kiev.
Kwancen kafa a shiga dabbobin "Littafin Ja" na Ukrainekamar yadda yake a cikin jerin jerin halittu masu haɗari a duniya. Akwai mutane 200,000 da suka rage a duniya. A duniya, ba ƙaramin abu bane. Sabili da haka, an haɗa beyar mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin "Red Book" na Rasha da kuma bugawa na duniya.
A cikin hoton beyar mai ruwan kasa ce
Hadin gama gari
An saka shi cikin "Red Book" na Ukraine saboda yawan harbi a ko'ina cikin Turai. Sun kashe saboda fur. Yanzu farautar lynx farauta ce. Yukren na iya "yin alfahari" kawai ɗari huɗu da kuliyoyin daji.
Dukansu - dabbobin "Littafin Ja" na Ukraine a Polesie... Na karshen yana nufin yankunan Kiev da Sumy. Ba a samun lynx a wajen su.
Lynx din lynx ba zai hana Nezalezhnaya kyakkyawar dabba ba, mai hangen nesa da kuma ni'ima, amma kuma zai girgiza yanayin halittar. Kwarin daji ya fi son farautar dabbobi marasa lafiya. Cin su, lynxes suna toshe yaduwar cuta, suna warkar da yawan wadanda abin ya shafa.
An yi imanin cewa lynxes suna afkawa mutane ta hanyar tsalle daga bishiyoyi. Yana da almara. Cats Red Books suna ƙoƙari su guje wa mutane. Babu wasu rikodin shari'ar da aka yi da nufin cin naman ɗan adam, musamman daga itace.
Hadin gama gari
Kaguwa irin ƙwaro
Ya yi kama da kato, ya sa ƙaho mai ƙarfi. Tare da su, tsawon jiki na barewa ya kai santimita 10. A cikin Turai, ita ce mafi girma irin ƙwaro. A cikin Ukraine, ana samun barewa a yankunan Gabas da Tsakiya. A nan, dabbar tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na itacen oak ko gandun daji tare da haɗuwa da itacen oak.
Girman dusar ƙwarya bera yana nuni ne da tsawon rayuwarta. A halin yanzu, har zuwa santimita 10, kwaron yana tashi cikin makonni 3-4 kawai. Babban kwaro yana rayuwa daidai gwargwado. Don haka, barewa ta iso cikin duniyar nan kimanin watanni 2.
Ba a kashe ƙwararan barewa don fur ko abincin gidan abinci. Har sai da aka jero kwaro a cikin "Littafin Ja", an kashe shi ba don kare kanka ba, amma saboda. Akwai sanannen imani cewa ƙwararan ƙwaro suna cinye kaji tare da ƙahoninsu suna shan jininsu. A zahiri, barewa masu cin ganyayyaki ne, suna wadatar da ciyawa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Kaguwa irin ƙwaro
Baƙin stork
Yana kama almubazzaranci. Jiki na sama da wuyansa an rufe su da gashin fuka-fukai, ciki fari ne. A kan tsuntsun akwai jan "hula". Har ila yau ƙafafu suna cikin mulufi "safa". Akwai kusan 400 irin waɗannan kyawawan a ko'ina cikin Ukraine. Babban yawan ya fi yawa a arewacin ƙasar.
Styakunan bakaken fata sun haɗu, suna kasancewa da aminci ga abokan zamansu har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsu. Baƙin storks suna gina gidan danginsu a cikin bishiyoyi, ba sa faɗi ƙasa da mita 20 sama da ƙasa. Dole ne ya kasance akwai tabki ko fadama a kusa.
Bakar fata dabbobin da aka jera a cikin "Red Book" na Ukraineyanayi don yin magana. Tsuntsaye sun isa Nezalezhnaya a cikin Afrilu kuma su bar watan Agusta-Satumba. Lokacin bazara ana kashewa akan kiwo. Tsuntsaye sun mamaye duniya a Indiya da Afirka.
Hoton baƙar fata ne
Bature na Turai
Ta fara rayuwa cikin talauci saboda tarkon gashi da shigo da mink na Amurka zuwa Turai. Na biyun ya zama mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi. Turawan Turai ba za su iya tsayawa gasar ba. Cidaya ta ƙarshe da aka yi game da dabbobin duniyar Ukraine ta ba da labarin kusan mutane 200 kawai.
A wajen ƙasar, turawan Turai suma sun kasa “kare matsayinsu”, an saka shi a cikin ofungiyar Consungiyar Kare Lafiyar Duniya. Sayar da rigunan mink, ba shakka, ba a ba da rahoto ba.
Nauyin baƙon Turai ɗaya bai wuce kilogram ba. Tsawon jiki tare da jela ya kusan santimita 50. Mink din baya banbanta a sifofi zagaye. Don haka muna la'akari da yawan dabbobi da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar gashin gashi.
Idan yakai tsawon gwiwa kuma girmansa yakai 46, zaka bukaci fata 30. A alamance, ana sa rigunan gashi 6-7 suna gudana a cikin yankin ƙasar Ukraine. Ganin yadda aka hana kamawa da jinsunan Turai, yanzu an dinka su daga fatar mink ta Amurka.
Bature na Turai
Muskrat
Wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana zaune a bakin Kogin Seim. Ana faruwa a yankin Sumy na Ukraine. Babu mutane sama da 500 da ke rayuwa a nan. Jinsin yana da yawa ga gandun daji na gabashin Turai, ba a samunsa a wajensa.
A waje, dabbar tana kama da cakuda tawadar tare da bushiya, tana da nauyin kilogram 0.5. Wannan shine yadda dabba ta kasance miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce. Saboda dadadden tarihi da kananan canje-canje a bayyanar, hanyar rayuwa, ana daukar desman a matsayin jinsin kayan tarihi.
A wannan zamani, yawan mutane na ci gaba da raguwa, musamman saboda lalacewar muhalli. A cikin ƙarnnin da suka gabata, an kashe kwari don kare gashin. An yaba shi sama da mai beyar.
Dalilin shine tsari na musamman na gashin desman. Sun kasance kunkuntar a tushe, amma faɗi a saman. A waje, wannan yana sa fur mai yawa, kamar karammiski. Cavities na ciki suna riƙe zafi. Ya fi sanyi a cikin kwalin gashin beaver.
Baya ga fatun muskrat, an yi ta farautar su don ɓullar ƙwayoyin muscular. A cikin karni na 19 da rabi na farko na karni na 20, wannan ruwan shine mai gyara ingantaccen kayan kamshi mai kamshi.
A cikin hoton Desman ne
Spekerled gopher
Har zuwa 2000s, ya yadu a cikin Ukraine. A zamanin yau akwai ƙungiyoyi daban daban a cikin yankin Kharkov. Yawan mutane ya lalace ta hanyar kula da filayen da sinadarai. Ya shafi yawan jinsuna da lalata muhallinsu.
Da yake zaune a filayen da filayen noma suke, gofer yana cin ciyawa, yana tono su. Gabaɗaya, daga mahangar manoma, haƙori shine kwaro. Saboda haka, basu bar gophers ɗin ba. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zama tushen rahusa mai arha. Yana da dabbare-dabbare. Saboda haka sunan nau'in.
A cikin sabon littafin "Red Book" na Ukraine, an faɗi game da yawan ɓarna mai ɓarna a cikin mutane kusan 1,000. Ba a riga an sanya shi a matsayin mai haɗari ba, amma nau'in yana cikin haɗari.
Spekerled gopher
Kyanwar daji
Maganin kuliyoyin gida - har yanzu cat na gandun daji yana rayuwa a cikin daɗaɗɗun gandun daji da ke hade. Tsawon jikin dabbar daga rabin mita ne ko sama da haka, tsayinsa ya kai kimanin 35 cm, kuma suna da nauyi daga 3 zuwa 8 kilogiram. A waje, kifin gandun daji yayi kamanceceniya da talaka mai launin shuɗi na gida mai launin toka, yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda yasha bambancin raunin waɗannan dabbobi.
Hoton kyanwar daji ne
Korsak
Korsak dan fata ne na gaske, kawai yana rayuwa ne a cikin tsaunuka da wuraren tuddai tare da ciyayi masu ƙaranci. Dawakai masu tsalle-tsalle ba sa hawa kan tsaunuka kuma, amma suna tsare kansu ne kawai zuwa tuddai.
Korsak (takaddun takobi)
Shatsky marainiya
Yana zaune a cikin tabkunan Shatsk. Akwai 30 daga cikinsu, duk suna cikin yankin Volyn. Jinsunan sun tsiro a cikin Tekun Sargasso. Daga wannan gabar ta Tekun Atlantika, soya ta garzaya zuwa kogunan Turai, har zuwa Tafkin Svityaz. A cikin wasu tafkunan sadarwar Shatskaya, eel ba safai ba.
Tunda Shatsky eel shine babban tushen samun kudin shiga ga mazauna yankin, ana ba da izinin kamawa, amma an kafa iyakokinta. Baƙon da aka kama ana kai shi zuwa gidajen abinci. Ana yaba sandunan Sushi musamman don kifin shatsk. A lokaci guda, an jera halittar kamar maciji a cikin "Red Book" na Ukraine.
Lura cewa eel ɗin gama gari an haɗa shi a cikin jerin masu haɗari. Ana amfani dashi don sushi a Japan. Dandanon kifin yana da kyau sosai har ana kama tan 70,000-80,000 a shekara. An dauki nau'in ne karkashin kulawar kungiyar hadin kan kasa da kasa ta kiyaye dabi'a a shekarar 2008.
A cikin hoton akwai maɗaura mai tsinkaye
Bison
Sau ɗaya, ya zauna a cikin yankunan Lvov, Chernigov, Volyn da Kiev Yukren. Menene dabbobin "Littafin Ja"? Manya ne, bovine, tare da kofato, biyu masu ƙarfi, gashi masu kauri waɗanda suka rataye a cikin dunkule-tsalle.
A cikin karni na 21, za ku iya ganin sa kawai a cikin gidan gandun namun kasar da yankunan kariya na gandun daji. A sauƙaƙe, jinsin ya ɓace a yanayin daji na Ukraine, amma ana kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin wucin gadi.
Bison suna da alaƙa da bison. Ana daukar na karshen ne manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a Amurka. A yankin Turai, taken na bison ne. Mutum daya - kilogram 700-800 na taro.
Girman ba ya hana bison tashin hankali. Suna tsallake kan shingen mita 1.5-2 a tsayi. Dabbobi suna shirye don wannan, suna guduwa, alal misali, daga mafarauta. Tunda jinsin halittu abin tarihi ne, mutanen farko ne suka kamashi saboda fata da nama.
Bison a hoto
Lambun shakatawa
Ana samun sandar bacewar a yankin Cherkassk, Rivne da Kiev na Ukraine. Dabbar tana zaune a tsaye. Rage su ya haifar da raguwar yawan nau'in. Yanke tsafta ya zama mai yawaita.
Ana cire matattun, ruɓaɓɓen bishiyoyi, waɗanda ke ba da damar girma ga matasa. Masu kwana a lambu suna asarar gidajensu na hunturu. Ba kamar ƙananan katako ba, dabbobin Red Book ba sa son yin rami a ƙasa.
Duk da kyakkyawan yanayin sa, dormouse mahaukaci ne. Hakanan menu na rodent ya ƙunshi berries, 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi. Amma, rabonsu a cikin abincin bai wuce kashi 40% ba. Sauran sune kwari, tsutsotsi da sauran masu juya baya.
Mako guda ba tare da su ba yana jagorantar bacci a cikin wauta, ƙari ma, a azanci na zahiri. Dabba ta daina motsi, ta kalli aya guda. A irin wannan lokacin, dormouse yana da rauni, amma ba shi da ƙarfin yin yaƙi don rayuwa.
Lambun shakatawa
Kifi
An lasafta Trout a cikin "Red Book" na Ukraine. Wannan yana nufin cewa kusan dukkanin jinsunan kifin kifi a kasar suna gab da bacewa. Trout shine sunan gaba ɗaya na 19 na ƙananan ƙasashe. Freshwater yana da daraja a cikin Ukraine. Wakilan waɗannan nau'in suna girma zuwa rabin mita a tsayi. Don kwatankwacin, halittun teku sun ninka biyu.
Duk da hana kamun kifi, ana ci gaba da kamun kifi a cikin Ukraine. Banda shi ne daren da ke hasken rana. Don dalilai marasa ma'ana, kifin ya ki farauta da iyo a saman jikin ruwa da daddare lokacin da tauraron dan Adam ke bayyane a sarari.
A rana da cikin yanayin da babu wata, kifin ya yi ta jujjuyawa, yana saurin tafiya har zuwa kilomita 30 a awa daya. Wannan yana tare da juriya na ruwa, gudana. Alamar rikodin tsakanin kifin kogi.
Kifin kifi
Adunƙwasa mai launin rawaya
An rarraba amphibian a matsayin jinsin masu rauni; yana zaune a cikin Carpathians kuma kusa da tsaunuka. Akwai kasa da kwaɗi 1000. Bayayyakinsu masu launin kore ne mai ɗanɗano da zaitun. Cutar toda, kamar yadda sunan yake, rawaya ne.
Baƙaƙen tabo suna gaba da asalin haske. Bambancin launi yana nuna alamun ƙarancin nau'in. Amma, macizai, baƙin ƙarfe da shinge ba a tsayar da su ba. Toad yana cin abinci a kan tsutsotsi na duniya, dipterans, da ƙananan ƙwaro.
Toad mai launin rawaya mai haɗari yana haɗiye abin ganima. Babu wani motsi na al'ada na harshen da aka yar da shi. Tsokar da ke bakin burodin littafin-zane an tsara ta daban da ta masu zuriya. Dole ne ku buɗe bakinku sosai ku jefa kan waɗanda abin ya shafa.
A cikin hunturu, toads hibernate. Kusan 40% na mutane basu dawo daga gare ta ba. Saboda haka, kwaɗi sukan daidaita kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi. Abin farin ciki, ana samun su a Transcarpathia. Ruwan zafi yana ba toads damar zama a farke duk shekara.
Adunƙwasa mai launin rawaya
Fata mai launi biyu
Jemagu kuma suna zaune a cikin Ukraine. Mutanen suna kiran su duka jemage. A zahiri, ba duk jemage beraye bane, amma duk na dabbobi ne masu shayarwa.
Fata mai launi biyu a cikin su mai rauni ne, ana amfani da shi ne don zama a ɗakunan ajiya, gine-ginen da aka watsar, a ƙarƙashin rufin gidajen birni. Mutane ba sa son irin wannan unguwar, don haka suke kashe jinsin, suna korar su daga gidajen su.
Bataccen ɗan itacen Yukren mai suna bicolor saboda launi. Ofasan gashin dabba baƙi ne, kuma saman kusan fari ne. Gabaɗaya ra'ayi na gashin jemage shine azurfa. An kawata wuyan dabbar da farin abin wuya.
A cikin Ukraine, ana samun fata a ko'ina. Dabbar ta shiga cikin "Littafin Ja" saboda ƙarancin mutane. Ungiyoyin Mouse sun yi karanci, kodayake sun bazu cikin ƙasar.
Fata mai launi biyu
Copperhead talakawa
A cikin bayanin macijin tagulla, ya kamata a ambata cewa sifar sifar bayyanarta ita ce kasancewar sikeli kusa da kai da ciki, waɗanda suke da yanayi mai ɗari biyu da rhomboid tare da narkakkar tagulla.
Copperhead talakawa
Chupacabra
Bari mu cika jerin tare da dabbobi daga cikin "Red Book" mara izini na Ukraine. Yayin da masana kimiyya ke ikirarin cewa babu Chupacabra, bayanai game da hare-haren da take kaiwa kan awaki sun fito ne daga yankunan Kiev da Rivne.
Shaidun gani da ido suna magana ne game da halittun da ba su da gashi tare da kaifi da tsarin jikin kangaroo. An kira Chupacabra na dabbar ta hanyar haɗa kalmomin Mutanen Espanya chupar da cаbra.
Ana fassara na biyun a matsayin "akuya" kuma na farkon a matsayin "tsotse." Duk ambaton dabban yana da alaƙa da hare-hare kan awaki. Mai farautar yana shan jininsu, amma baya cin nama. Don haka idan Chupacabra ya wanzu, to abin birgewa ne tsakanin dabbobi.
Wataƙila yana kama da hoton chupacabra
Rarancin ambaton Chupacabra hujja ce ta ƙananan adadin jinsin kuma dalilin sanya shi cikin "Littafin Ja". Koyaya, masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin gawarwaki da yawa na Chupacabras. Ya zuwa yanzu, sun zama jakar kwando da dawakai.
Suna da saurin kamuwa da cuta. Cutar na sa ku tsinke ƙyallen ulu, tana tura ku ga hauka, yana canza kamannin dabbobi. Me yasa, a cikin rashin sani, suke kai hari na awaki kawai? Game da wannan tambayar ta manoma, wacce chupacabras suka yi wa dabbobinsu tawaye, masana kimiyya ba su sami amsa ba tukuna.
