Magungunan zamani suna gyara cututtukan cututtukan parasitic da yawa, abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sun shiga cikin gabobin mutane. Ofaya daga cikin dalilan samuwar cututtukan cututtuka shine amfani da kifin mara kyau.
Dalili na biyu ya dace idan shirye-shiryen kifi bai bi ingantattun fasahohi ba. Masoyan ɗanyen kifi sun zama marasa lafiya akai-akai tare da ƙarshen cututtukan parasitic.
Babban helminth tsakanin trematodes shine metacercariae... Tana cikin cikin kifi, kadoji, kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da rukuni na tsutsar ciki. Helminths na wannan nau'in ya ratsa dukkan kayan kifin.
Mafi hadari shine lokacinda yake shiga idanuwa da kwakwalwar kifi. Hakanan, tsutsotsi sukan daidaita a cikin akwatin kifaye. Suna isa can daga tafkunan ruwa, suna motsawa tare da katantanwa. Baƙon abu ba ne ga kifaye su shiga wurin zama mai kyau tare da abinci da kuma kai hari ga rayayyun halittu masu rai.
Fasali da mazaunin metacercaria
Opisthorchis metacercariae suna cikin ƙwayar tsoka na tsarin kifin. Don cecariae (larvae), kifi shine matsakaiciyar masauki. A ciki, cecariae ya girma cikin metacercarium. Parasites basu da ikon yadawa daga wannan zuwa wani kifin, kasancewar su larvae.
Zai yiwu mutum ya kamu da cutar ta helminth kawai ta hanyar manyan ƙwayoyin cuta. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa kifi crucian irin kifi, minnow, kogin barbel, danshi a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi suna ba da kansu ga kamuwa da cuta.
A mafi yawan lokuta, tsutsotsi suna cikin idanuwa, suna shafar:
- ruwan tabarau na ido;
- jikin mara lafiya;
- yanayin ciki na ƙwallon ido.
Akwai rukuni huɗu waɗanda suka haɗu da nau'i goma na raunuka na ido da tabarau. Metacercariae yana da haɗari saboda yana da juriya ga mahalli. Ba sa jin tsoron ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Metacercariae a cikin kifi
Sai kawai ta daskare samfurin zuwa - 40 ° C na aƙalla awanni 7, tsutsa suna ɓacewa. Idan an daskarewa a -35 ° C, cecarii ya rasa damar aiki bayan awanni 14 na sanyi.
Daskarewa kifi a -28 ° C yana ɗaukar aƙalla awanni 32 don kawar da cutar. Amma zuwa manyan digiri, kwayoyin cuta suna nuna saurin aiki da sauri. Bayan aikin kadaici daga kifi, sun mutu cikin mintuna 5-10 a + 55 ° C.
Ta hanyar bunkasa metacercariae na trematodes, da fasali:
- m al'ummomi;
- canza masu.
Molluscs, kifi, kwari suna aiki azaman matsakaitan runduna na trematodes. Wannan nau'in helminth din yana da ƙarin rundunar. Amma a cikin 80% na lokuta, yayin ci gaba, zai iya yin ba tare da shi ba.
Tsararraki suna maye gurbin yayin yaduwar kwayoyin cuta, ba wai kawai a cikin tsutsotsi da aka kirkira ba, har ma a cikin larvae. Tsutsa suna haifar da wani ƙarni na cecarii, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama babban mutum.
Yanayi da salon rayuwa na cutar metacercaria
Metacercariae ya bambanta da sauran helminth na ajinsu a ƙaramin girman su. Jikin kwalkwalin yana sanye da kofunan tsotsa biyu:
1.bakin ciki;
2. na baka.
Tsutsotsi suna kai hare-hare kan ƙwayoyin mucous membranes na masu gidan su, suna tsotse abubuwa masu amfani, ta haka suna riƙe da ayyukansu mai mahimmanci. Kofin tsotsa shine farkon ɓangaren narkewa. Endarshen ƙarshen jiki yana da tashar don sakin abincin da aka sarrafa.
Samun kututturen kifin, tsutsotsi ba sa ninka. Suna rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin, ba su da damar ciyarwa da girma. Suna jiran lokacin da za a ci kifin mai gida. A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, kwayoyin cuta suna boyewa a cikin kwanten, wanda kwayar halittar jikin kifin yake samu.
Metarcercariae yakan ɓoye abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na reshe. Kifi ya zama mai rauni, suna saman ruwa, saboda suna fuskantar ƙarancin iskar oxygen.
Kifin ya shiga cikin ragar masunta, ko kuma ya zama abin tsuntsaye, karnuka, kuliyoyi. Bayan cin kifin mara lafiya, helminths suna afkawa jikin maigidan na ƙarshe, wanda yakan haifar da ci gaban wata cuta tare da sunan clonorchis maganin metacercaria.
Parasites yayi mummunan tasiri ga mai masaukin baki. Ta zama ba ta hutawa, ta kamu da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da aiwatar da ɓarna. Dangane da bayanan kididdiga, yawan mutuwar kifin kayan kwalliya wanda metarcercariae ya shafa shine 50% ko fiye.
Abincin abinci metacercaria
Metarcercariae yana rayuwa a cikin kashin baya, a haɗe sosai tare da masu shayarwa, suna da hanji. Orananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna cin abinci a kan kyallen gidan mai masaukinsu ko kuma akan abubuwan hanjinsa. Idan tsutsotsi suka shiga ramin kifi, sam basa ciyarwa kwata-kwata. Aikinsu shine sanya kifin cikin cutar domin lalata shi ta hanyar mai masaukinsa na ƙarshe.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na cutar metacercaria
A cikin kifin mai rai metacercariae na opisthorchiasis lokaci ne mai tsawo. Matsakaicin aikin su ya kasance daga shekaru 5 zuwa 8. Shiga jikin mai masaukin karshe, masu cutar parasites suna dauke da cikakkiyar balaga, inda tsutsar zata zama tsawon santimita 0.2 zuwa 1.3, zuwa fadin santimita 0.4.
Idan mutum yayi aiki a matsayin mai shi, tsutsotsi suna rayuwa a cikin mafitsara ta ciki, bututun hanji, hanjin hanta. Cikakken tsari, metacercariae yana saka ƙwai, wanda ya shiga cikin yanayi tare da najasar da aka fitar.
Bugu da ari, ci gaban kwayar cutar yana faruwa ne a cikin matakai, yana kutsa cikin mollusk din a cikin matsakaiciyar rundunar. Bayan shiga cikin kifin kifi, ƙarin rundunar helminth. Balagaggen ɗan ƙwaro yana da ƙyali ko zagaye, a cikin abin da tsutsa ta zauna.
Idan ba a gano metacercariae ba lokacin da bai dace ba, da kuma zubar da shi ba daidai ba a jikin mai shi na ƙarshe, da yawa cututtuka suna tsokano shi. Ba ya ɓacewa daga jiki ba tare da sa hannun far ba har zuwa shekaru 10-20.
