A karo na farko, Turawa sun ga manyan tsuntsaye marasa tashi, a waje kama da jimina, a farkon karni na 16. Kuma bayanin farko na waɗannan halittu a cikin adabi ya faro ne daga 1553, lokacin da mai binciken Spain, matafiyi kuma firist Pedro Cieza de Leon a ɓangaren farko na littafinsa "Tarihin Peru".
Duk da irin kamanni na waje Jimina na Afirka rhea, Matsayin dangantakar su har yanzu ana takaddama a cikin mahaɗan kimiyya, tunda ban da kamanceceniya, akwai yalwa da yawa tsakanin waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Bayani da fasali na haukan jimina
Ba kamar 'yan uwansu na Afirka ba, jimina nandu a cikin hoto - kuma kyamarar TV tana amsawa cikin nutsuwa, baya ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa ko guduwa. Idan wannan tsuntsu baya son wani abu, to rude tana fitar da wani sautin kuka, wanda yake tunatar da sautin babbar hancin babban mai farauta, kamar zaki ko cougar, kuma idan baku ga cewa jimina ce ke yin wannan ba, to ba zai yuwu a tantance abin da yake nasa ba ne ga makogwaron tsuntsu. ...
Hakanan, tsuntsu na iya afkawa wanda ya matso kusa sosai, yana yada fikafikansa, kowane daya daga cikinsu yana da kaifi mai kaifi, yana zuwa gaba ga abokin gaba kuma yana yi masa barazana da kai-komo.
Girman jimina da yawa kasa da tsuntsayen Afirka. Girman mafi yawancin mutane ya kai alamar mita ɗaya da rabi kawai. Nauyin jimina na Kudancin Amurka ma bai kai irin na ƙawayen Afirka ba. Ruwa na gama gari yana da nauyin kilogiram 30-40, kuma rudanin Darwin ya ma fi ƙasa - kilogiram 15-20.
An rufe wuyan jimina ta Kudancin Amurka da gashin tsuntsu masu laushi, kuma suna da yatsu uku a ƙafafunsu. Amma ga gudu gudu, jimin nandu iya tsere, bada 50-60 km / h, yayin daidaitawa tare da fuka-fukai masu nisa. Kuma don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, rikicewar tana kwance cikin ƙura da laka.
Dangane da bayanin masu binciken Fotigal da Spain na farko, Indiyawa sun mallaki waɗannan tsuntsaye. Bugu da ƙari, ba wai kawai a cikin fahimtar da muka saba da kaji ba.
Ba a ba Nanda nama ga mutane kawai ba. Qwai da fuka-fukai don yin kayan ado, sun zama kamar karnuka, suna yin tsaro kuma, mai yiwuwa, farauta da ayyukan kamun kifi. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna iyo sosai, hatta koguna masu fadi da saurin gudu basa basu tsoro.
A wani lokaci, yawan jama'a na cikin barazana saboda shaharar farautar farautar rudu. Koyaya, yanzu lamarin ya inganta, kuma farin jini a wurin masu gonakin jimina ya fi danginsu na Afirka girma.
Rhea salon jimina da mazauni
Jimina tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, wato a Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil da Uruguay. Kuna iya saduwa da rudanin Darwin a saman tsaunuka, wannan tsuntsu yana jin daɗi a tsawan mita 4000-5000, sun zaɓi maɓuɓɓugar kudancin nahiyar tare da yanayi mai tsananin gaske.
Yanayin yanayin wadannan tsuntsayen shine manyan savannas da filayen Patagonia, manyan tsaunukan tsaunuka tare da ƙananan rafuka. Bayan Kudancin Amurka, ƙaramin yawan rudani suna zaune a cikin Jamus.
Laifin irin wannan ƙaura na jimina hatsari ne. A cikin 1998, gungun rheas, wanda ya kunshi nau'i-nau'i da yawa, sun tsere daga gonar jimina a arewa maso gabashin kasar, a garin Lübeck. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin ƙarfi aviaries da ƙananan shinge.
Sakamakon kulawar da manoma suka yi, tsuntsayen sun kasance masu 'yanci kuma suna da sauƙin sauƙin yanayi. Suna zaune a yanki kusan 150-170 sq. m, kuma lambar garken tana gabatowa dari biyu. Kulawa na yau da kullun game da dabbobin an yi su tun shekara ta 2008, da kuma nazarin halayya da rayuwa jimina rhea a cikin hunturu masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun zo Jamus.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi na dabi'a a cikin garken mutane kusan 30-40, a lokacin daddawa an raba garken zuwa kananan kungiyoyi-iyalai. Babu tsattsauran matsayi a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin.
Rhea rude tsuntsu ne mai cin gashin kansa, kuma hanyar rayuwar gama gari ba buƙata ba ce, amma larura ce. Idan yankin da garken yake cikin aminci, to tsofaffi maza sukan bar danginsu su tafi, suna fara rayuwa ta kadaici.
Ostriches ba sa ƙaura, suna rayuwa ne na rashin nutsuwa, tare da keɓantattun abubuwa - idan akwai wuta ko wasu masifu, tsuntsaye suna neman sabbin yankuna. Mafi yawan lokuta, musamman a cikin pampas, garken jimina suna haɗuwa tare da garken guanacos, barewa, shanu ko tumaki. Irin wannan abota yana taimakawa rayuwa, gano saurin abokan gaba da kariya daga gare su.
Jimina nandu ciyarwa
Menene na kowa a cikin abincin naman jimina nandu kuma cassowary, don haka wannan shine komai nasu. Bada fifiko ga ciyawa, shuke-shuke masu yalwa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, hatsi da' ya'yan itace, ba za su taɓa ba da ƙwari ba, ƙananan kayan kwalliya da kifi.
Zasu iya yin liyafa akan gawar da kayan sharar kayan artiodactyls. An yi imanin cewa rhea na iya farautar macizai, kuma a cikin sifa, ya kare mazaunin mutum daga gare su. Amma babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da wannan.
Kodayake waɗannan tsuntsayen ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne waɗanda ke son jujjuyawar ruwa da kamun fishan kifi, zasu iya yin ba tare da shan ruwa na dogon lokaci ba. Kamar sauran tsuntsaye, jiminai lokaci-lokaci suna haɗi da gastroliths da ƙananan duwatsu waɗanda ke taimaka musu narkar da abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na jimina
A lokacin lokacin saduwa, rhea yana nuna auren mata fiye da daya. An rarraba garken zuwa rukuni na mata ɗaya da na mata 4-7 kuma sun yi ritaya zuwa wurinsu na "keɓaɓɓe". Stwai na jimina daidai yake da kimanin dozin huɗu kaza, kuma kwasfa tana da ƙarfi da ake amfani da ita don sana'a iri-iri, waɗanda ake sayar wa masu yawon buɗe ido a matsayin abubuwan tunawa. Dangane da bayanan masu bincike na Turai, a cikin kabilun Indiya, an yi amfani da bawan waɗannan ƙwai a matsayin jita-jita.
Mata suna yin ƙwai a cikin gida ɗaya, gaba ɗaya, daga ƙwai 10 zuwa 35 ana samunsu a cikin kama, kuma namiji ya sa su. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu, duk wannan lokacin jimina rhea cin abinci me yan matansa ke kawo masa. Lokacin da kajin suka kyankyashe, sai su kula da su, su ciyar da su kuma su yi tafiya da su. Koyaya, yawancin jarirai basa rayuwa har zuwa shekara saboda dalilai daban-daban, mafi ƙarancin abin shine farauta.
Kodayake haramun ne farautar rudani a galibin ƙasashen da suke zaune, waɗannan haramtattun ba sa hana mafarauta. Balaga da jima'i a cikin mata na faruwa ne a shekaru 2.5-3, kuma cikin maza a 3.5-4. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa a matsakaita daga shekaru 35 zuwa 45, a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi, sabanin danginsu na Afirka, wadanda suke rayuwa har zuwa 70.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da haukan jimina
Magana game da haukan jimina, Ba shi yiwuwa a ambaci inda irin wannan ban sha'awa sunan wannan tsuntsu ya fito. A lokacin da ake saduwa, wadannan tsuntsayen suna musayar kuka, wadanda a cikin haruffan "nandu" a fili suke, wanda ya zama lakabinsu na farko, sannan kuma sunan hukumarsu.
A yau kimiyya ta san nau'ikan halittu biyu na wadannan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki:
- rikice-rikice na kowa ko na arewa, sunan kimiyya - Rhea americana;
- Rananan rhea ko Darwin, sunan kimiyya - Rhea pennata.
Dangane da rabe-raben dabbobi, rhea, kamar cassowaries, da emus ba jimina bane. Wadannan tsuntsayen an kasafta su a wani tsari na daban - rush din a shekarar 1884, kuma a shekarar 1849 an ayyana dangin rhea, an iyakance su da nau'ikan jimina biyu na Kudancin Amurka.
Tsoffin burbushin da aka tono, wanda ya tuna da rudanin zamani, yana da shekaru miliyan 68, ma'ana, akwai kowane dalili da za ayi imani da cewa irin wadannan tsuntsayen sun rayu a duniya lokacin Paleocene kuma sun ga dinosaur.
