Kifin Marlin wakilai ne na nau'ikan kifin Ray-finned na dangin Marlin (Istiorkhoridae). Filin shahararren kamun kifi ne kuma, saboda yawan mai mai mai yawa, ya zama kyakkyawan kifi mai kayatarwa don kasuwar kasuwanci.
Bayanin marlin
A karo na farko, masanin kimiyyar Faransanci Bernard Laseped ya bayyana wannan nau'ikan ƙarni biyu da suka gabata ta amfani da zane, amma daga baya aka sanya kifin marlin iri daban-daban da sunaye iri-iri. A halin yanzu, sunan Makair nigriсans ne kawai yake aiki... Sunan janar ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci μαχαίρα, wanda ke nufin "Short dagger".
Bayyanar
Mafi shaharar shine Blue Marlin, ko Atlantic Blue Marlin (Macairа nigriсans). Ana gane matsakaicin girman matan da suka balaga, wanda zai iya ninka kusan jikin jikin maza sau huɗu. Namijin da ya balaga da jimawa ba ya kai nauyin 140-160, kuma mace yawanci nauyinta ya kai 500-510 ko ma fiye da haka tare da tsawon jiki na cm 500. Nisan daga yankin ido zuwa ƙarshen mashin ya kai kimanin kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na yawan tsayin kifin. A lokaci guda, kifin mai nauyin kilogiram 636 yana da rikodin rikodi na hukuma.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Marlin mai launin shuɗi yana da ƙeje biyu da ƙoshin lafiya da ƙafafuwa na dubura waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙoshin wuta. Farkon dorsal fin an nuna shi da hasken 39-43, yayin da na biyun ana alakanta shi da kasancewar masu riƙe abubuwa shida ko bakwai kawai.
Farkon finafinai na farko, mai kama da sifa da girma zuwa na ƙarshen dorsal na biyu, yana da haskoki 13-16. Naruntataccen kuma mafi tsayi ƙashin ƙugu na ƙugu yana iya janyewa cikin ɓacin rai na musamman, wanda yake a ɓangaren gefe. Fashin ƙugu ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda yake, amma an bambanta na biyun ta wani membrane da bai inganta sosai ba da kuma baƙin ciki a ciki tsakar ciki.
Jikin babba na Atlantic Blue Marlin yana da launin shuɗi mai duhu, kuma gefen irin wannan kifin an banbanta shi da launin azurfa. A jikin akwai layuka kusan goma sha biyar na launuka masu launin shuɗi mai shuɗi-shuɗi mai ɗigo-ɗigo ko ratsi na bakin ciki. Memunƙarar a kan ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin fari shine shuɗi mai duhu ko kusan baƙi a launi ba tare da alamomi ko ɗigo ba. Sauran fensukan yawanci suna da duhu mai duhu tare da shuɗin shuɗi mai duhu. Akwai sautunan azurfa a gindi na biyu da na farkon farji.
Jikin kifin an lulluɓe shi da sikeli da sikeli masu tsayi. Mashi yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da tsayi, kuma kasancewar ƙananan ƙananan hakora masu kama da fayil halayya ce ta haƙarƙwara da kasusuwa irin ta palatine na wakilan ajin kifi na Ray-finned.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Marlins suna iya canza launi da sauri kuma su sami launi mai shuɗi mai haske yayin farauta. Irin waɗannan canje-canjen launi saboda kasancewar iridophores, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da launuka masu launi, da kuma ƙwayoyin halitta masu nunin haske na musamman.
Layin layi na kifin yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suke a cikin canal. Ko da motsi mara karfi a cikin ruwa da duk canje-canjen da ake ji a matsi ana kama su ta irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Budewar dubura tana tsaye kai tsaye bayan finfin farko. Shuda marlin, tare da sauran membobin dangin marlin, suna da vertebrae ashirin da huɗu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan marlin sun gwammace su nisanta daga bakin gabar teku, ta hanyar yin amfani da shimfidar ruwa don motsi... A yayin motsi, kifin mallakar wannan dangi yana da ikon haɓaka saurin gudu da tsalle-tsalle daga cikin ruwa zuwa tsayin mita da yawa. Misali, kwale-kwalen jirgin ruwa na iya samun sauki cikin sauri da sauri zuwa kilomita 100-110 a awa guda, saboda yawanci ana kiran wakilan jinsunan a matsayin kifi mafi sauri a duniya.
Kifaye masu lalata suna yawan haifar da salon lalata, suna iyo kusan kilomita 60-70 a rana. Wakilan dangin suna da halin ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke ɗaukar nisan mil mil bakwai zuwa takwas. Kamar yadda aka nuna ta yawancin karatu da abubuwan lura, hanyar da marlins ke motsawa a cikin ruwa ya yi kama da salon iyo na babban kifin shark.
Lambobi nawa ke rayuwa
Maza masu shuɗi marlin na iya rayuwa na kimanin shekaru goma sha takwas, kuma mata na wannan dangin na iya rayuwa har zuwa rubu'in karni ko ɗan ƙari. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar jiragen ruwa bai wuce shekaru goma sha biyar ba.
Iri marlin
Dukkanin nau'ikan marlin suna da sifa mai tsayi, haka nan da hancin halayyar mashi da doguwar tsaka mai tsayi:
- Indo-pacific jiragen ruwa (Istiorhorus platyrterus) daga jinsi Sailboats (Istiorkhorus). Babban fasalin fasalin jirgin ruwan shine babban doguwa na farko na dorsal, wanda yake tuna wani jirgi, farawa daga bayan kai zuwa kusan kifin gaba ɗaya. Baya baya baƙi ne tare da shuɗi mai shuɗi, kuma tarnaƙi suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Yankin ciki fari ne fari. A gefen, akwai adadi mai yawa wanda ba manyan launuka shuɗu masu launin shuɗi ba. Tsawon shekarun ‘yan shekara biyu ne, kuma babban kifin yana da tsawon mita uku tare da nauyin kilogram ɗari;
- Black marlin (Istiomax indis) daga jinsin Istiomax yana cikin nau'in kifin kasuwanci, amma girman kamun duniya bai wuce tan dubu da yawa ba. Abun sanannen abu na kamun kifin wasanni yana da tsayi, amma ba jikin matse kai tsaye ba, an rufe shi da sikeli mai kauri da kauri. Insananan ƙugu sun rabu da ƙananan rata, kuma ƙarancin caudal yana kama da wata. Baya baya shuɗi ne mai duhu, kuma gefuna da ciki fararen azurfa ne. Manya ba su da tabo ko tabo a jikinsu. Tsawon babban kifin ya kai 460-465 cm tare da nauyin jiki har zuwa 740-750 kg;
- Yammacin atlantic ko karamin mashi (Tetrarturus pfluеgen) daga jinsin Spearmen (Tetrarturus). Kifi na wannan nau'in an rarrabe shi ta jiki mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi, wanda aka daidaita shi sosai daga ɓangarorin, kuma yana da tsayi da sirara, hancin mai mashi, wanda aka zagaye shi a ɓangaren giciye. Fashin ƙashin ƙugu ya fi kyau, daidai yake ko kuma ya fi tsayi tsaka fiye da yadda yake, an sake juya shi zuwa cikin tsagi mai zurfin ciki. Baya baya duhu ne mai kalar shuɗi, kuma tarnaƙi masu launin azurfa tare da ɗumbin launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin tsayin babban mutum shine 250-254 cm, kuma nauyin jiki bai wuce kilogiram 56-58 ba.
Dangane da rabe-raben, akwai wasu sanannun jinsunan da mai mashin gajere, ko marlin mai wuya, ko mashin mai gajere (Tetrarturus angustirostris), mashin Bahar Rum, ko Marlin na Bahar Rum (Tetrarturus bélonе), Gullet na Arewacin Turai ta Kudu, ko Copenurus
Whitean farin farin mashin Atlantika, ko farin farin marine na Atlantika (Kajikia albidus), Tataccen mashin, ko marlin mai taguwar ruwa (Kajikia audax), haka kuma marlin Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara), marlin mai ruwan shuɗi, ko shuɗin marlin (Istiorkhorus albisans).
Wurin zama, mazauni
Iyalin marlin suna da wakiltar manyan jinsi uku da nau'ikan jinsuna goma, waɗanda suka bambanta a yankin rarraba su da wuraren zama. Misali, ana samun kifin Jirgin Ruwa (Istiorkhorus platirterus) galibi a cikin ruwan Ja, Bahar Rum da Baƙin Baƙi. Ta cikin ruwan Suez Canal, manyan jiragen ruwa suna shiga Tekun Bahar Rum, daga inda suke iyo cikin sauƙi zuwa Bahar Maliya.
Ana samun shuɗin marlin a cikin ruwan zafi da yanayin yanayi na Tekun Atlantika, kuma galibi ana samunsa a ɓangaren yamma. Yankin Black Marlin (Makaira indis) galibin lokuta ana wakiltar shi ne ta bakin ruwan Tekun Pacific da Tekun Indiya, musamman ruwan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kogin Coral.
Spearheads, waɗanda sune kifin da ke da ruwa a teku, yawanci ana samun su ne kaɗai, amma wani lokacin suna iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na kifi iri ɗaya. Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai budewa, yana zaban zurfin tsakanin metan dari biyu, amma sama da wurin da zafin yanayin yake.... An ba da fifiko ga yankunan da ke da zafin jiki na ruwa na 26 ° C.
Marlin rage cin abinci
Duk iyakokin da ke rayuwa ne mazauna cikin ruwa. Misali, bakaken lamuran abinci suna cin kowane irin kifi mara dadi, kuma suna farautar squid da crustaceans. A cikin ruwa a cikin Malesiya, tushen abinci na wannan nau'in yana wakiltar anchovies, nau'ikan nau'ikan mackerel na dawakai, kifin da ke tashi sama da squid.
Jiragen ruwa suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan kifin da aka samo a cikin matakan ruwa na sama, gami da sardines, anchovies, mackerel da mackerel. Hakanan, abincin wannan nau'in ya haɗa da ɓawon burodi da kuma cephalopods. Matakin larva na marlin mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ko shuɗin marlin, yana ciyarwa akan zooplankton, gami da ƙwaran plankton da larvae na wasu nau'ikan kifin. Manya suna farautar kifi, gami da mackerel, da squid. Kusa da bakin teku da tsibiran teku, shuɗin marlin yana ciyar da ƙananan yara na kifaye masu yawa na bakin teku.
Spearamin mashin Yammacin ko Yammacin Atlantika suna cin abinci a kan squid da kifi a saman matakan ruwa, amma abin da ke tattare da abincin wannan nau'in ya sha bamban. A cikin yankunan kudancin Tekun Caribbean, ƙananan mashi suna cin Ommastrephidae, herring da Rum tarsier. A yammacin Tekun Atlantika, manyan kwayoyin halittar abinci sune tekun Atlantika, macizar maciji, da cephalopods, gami da Ornithoteuthis antillarum, Hyaloteuthis plagisa, da Tremostorus violaceus.
Masana da ke zaune a arewacin ƙauyuka da yankuna masu zafi na Tekun Atlantika sun fi son kifi da cephalopods. A cikin kayan ciki na waɗannan margin, an sami kifi wanda ya kasance na iyalai goma sha biyu, gempilidae (Gempylidae), kifi mai tashi (Exocetidae), da mackerel (Scombridae), da kuma ruwan teku (Bramidae).
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A sassan arewa da kudu, kananan mashi sun girma kuma sun fara zage zage a irin wannan ranakun kalandar, wanda hakan ke nuna ishara ga daidaituwar al'umman wannan jinsin. Mata na kananan mashi suna haihuwa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Beluga
- Sturgeon
- Tuna
- Moray
Black marlin ya bazu a yanayin zafi wanda ya fara daga 27-28 ° C, kuma lokacin ɓatancin na iya bambanta dangane da halaye na yankin. Misali, a cikin ruwan Tekun Kudancin China, kifayen sun fara ba da gudummawa a watannin Mayu da Yuni, kuma a yankin gabar tekun Taiwan, wannan nau'in ya tsiro daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba. A yankin arewa maso yamma na Tekun Coral, lokacin haihuwar shine Oktoba-Disamba, kuma daga bakin gabar Queensland, Agusta-Nuwamba. An rarraba rabe-raben daji, tare da haihuwar mutum ɗaya har zuwa ƙwai miliyan arba'in.
Hawan jiragen ruwa na jirgin ruwa yana faruwa daga watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, a cikin dumi mai zafi da kusa da ruwa. Wannan jinsin ana rarrabe shi da matsakaiciyar sikeli da mara danko, kwai mai gwaiwa, amma manya ba sa kula da zuriyarsu. Dukkan jiragen ruwa da nau'ikan dangin da ke da dangantaka, suna yin irin wannan salon, ana nuna su da yawan haihuwa, saboda haka, a lokacin bazara daya, mace tana yin rabo da yawa kimanin kwai miliyan biyar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matakin larva na ci gaba yana bunkasa da sauri, kuma matsakaiciyar yanayin ci gaba a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayin waje shine kimanin milimita goma sha biyar a rana ɗaya.
A lokaci guda, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na zuriyar yakan lalace a farkon matakan haɓakar su. Eggswai da aka yiwa alama, matakin larval da soya ana amfani da su azaman abinci daga yawancin masu cin ruwa.
Makiya na halitta
Ga mafi girman shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, fararen kifin kifin (Carcharodon carcharias) da mako sharks (Isurus ohyrhinchhus) ne kawai suka fi haɗari. A cikin yanayin shekaru masu yawa na bincike, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa shuɗin marlin yana fama da ƙasa da nau'in dozin uku na ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda za a iya wakiltar su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, cestodes da nematodes, kojupods, aspidogastras da gefen-scrapers, da trematodes da barnacle. A jikin irin waɗannan manyan dabbobin ruwa, ana lura da kasancewar kifi mai ƙyama, waɗanda suke aiki musamman wajen daidaitawa akan murfin gill.
Hakanan shuɗin shuɗi na iya farautar kifi kamar babba kamar farin marlin Atlantika. Koyaya, har zuwa yau, mafi girman lalacewa ga yawan marlin mutane ne ke haifar da su. Jiragen ruwa suna sanannen manufa a cikin kamun kifi mai yawa. Babban hanyar kamun kifi shine kamun kifi na dogon lokaci, inda aka kama wannan kifin mai darajar gaske tare da tuna da kifin takobi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kusa da gabar tekun Cuba da Florida, California da Tahiti, Hawaii da Peru, da Ostiraliya da New Zealand, masunta galibi suna kama jiragen ruwan da ke juyawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Fishing don yawancin nau'ikan marlin a halin yanzu ana aiwatar dashi galibi cikin ruwan Tekun Indiya. Kamawar duniya tana da girma ƙwarai, kuma manyan ƙasashen da ke sana'ar kamun kifi su ne Japan da Indonesia. Don kamun kifi, ana amfani da dogon layi da kayan aikin kamun kifi na musamman. Marlin shine mahimmin darajar farautar farauta kuma ya shahara sosai tsakanin masunta wasanni.
Zuwa yau, an saki wani muhimmin bangare na masunta waɗanda masunta suka kama nan da nan. Naman marlin mai daɗi, wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin menu na gidajen abinci mai tsada da daraja kawai, ya ba da gudummawa ga kamawa da raguwar yawan jama'a, don haka dabbar da ke cikin ruwa ta kasance cikin littafin Red Book a matsayin jinsin masu rauni.
