Hotuna kan dutsen kyawawan kyawawan dabbobi masu ƙahoni masu ƙaho sun tsira har zuwa zamaninmu. A waccan zamanin, babbar sana'ar mutane ita ce farauta.
Saboda wasu dalilai, wannan dabba ta musamman ita ce babban abin da masu farauta ke so, kuma ba beyar ba, ko kerkeci, ko bolar daji, wanda kawai akwai adadi mai yawa. Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja saboda wasu dalilai masu sha'awar kowa da kowa.
Kodayake farauta a gare shi da wuya a kira shi nishaɗi na yau da kullun, mai rikitarwa. Wannan dabba mai hankali da sauri yana da hankali a cikin komai, ba shi da sauƙi a ɗauka da hannu hannu. Da farko dai, har yanzu yana buƙatar bin sawu.
Bayan haka, da matuƙar kulawa, ku kusance shi don yin mummunan rauni. Lallai bugun dole ne ya zama mai ƙarfi, in ba haka ba mafarautan da kansa zai iya zama wanda aka azabtar saboda Siberiya ja barewa iya ba da cancanci ƙi.
Idan farautar ta yi nasara, an samar da rayuwa mai gamsarwa ga dukkan kabilar tsawon wata guda, ko ma fiye da haka. Amma kuskure lokacin farauta barewa mai daraja a mawuyacin yanayi, ya ƙare da kyau.
Mafarautan ba koyaushe zai kasance da rai da lafiya ba. A wadanda aka raunata jan barewa maral da iko sosai, yana iya gurgunta har ma ya kashe mafarautan da duk wanda ke kusa da shi.
Bisa ga tatsuniyoyin mutanen zamanin da, an yi imani cewa rayukan dabbobi, kamar mutane, suna da rayuwa bayan sun mutu. Ga dukkan mutane, barewa ta daɗe dabba ce da ake girmamawa sosai.
Wannan tabbas wannan shine dalilin da yasa tsohuwar al'adun gargajiya suka daidaita duel tsakanin mutum da barewa. Deer koyaushe dabbobi ne na allahntaka. Labarin ya ce kashe sama da maral biyu a shekara babban zunubi ne, wanda da sannu za ku biya.
Ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin daga tsofaffin hotunan yadda aka zana masu zane-zanen da suka zana wannan kyakkyawar dabba. Tsarin zane a kan kankara aiki ne mai wahala da cin lokaci.
Amma duk wannan anyi ta ne da babban himma da kauna don kyautatawa mutum. Mutane koyaushe suna da bege game da maral. Kowa ya kasance da tabbaci cewa ruhin jagoransa zai ba mutane ci gaba da kiyaye mahimmancinsu.
Hoton jan barewa, Kansa mai girman kai tare da kaho reshen reshe mai barin hankali baya barin kowa. Wanda ya ga wannan mu'ujizar a rayuwa ta ainihi ya daɗe yana sha'awar abin.
Bayani da siffofin jan barewa
Sunan da kansa, jan barewa, ya ƙunshi nau'ikan barewa da yawa, masu bambancin nauyi da launi. Amma duk wakilan wannan nau'in suna da manyan ƙahoni masu rassa.
Matsayin fahariyar maral yana nuna mana ƙarfin gaske da halin tawaye. Tare da babban tsayi na 170 cm kuma nauyinsa yakai 400 kg, chic ƙahonin jan barewa, dabba tana iya kare kanta daga kowane makiyi.
Ko kerkeci sun fi karfin wannan dabbar. Ba koyaushe suke fuskantar haɗarin kawo masa hari ba. Kadai wanda zai iya biyan farautar wannan katuwar dajin mutum ne.
A tsawon shekaru, mutane sun dan karkata akalar rayuwar su, sun koyi kiwon dabbobi, ta yadda ba wai kawai ta hanyar farauta don samo wa kansu abinci ba. Amma barewa har yanzu suna cikin buƙata saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da abinci mai daɗi mai daɗi. Yana da dandano mai dadi da kyau.
A cikin hoton, jan barewa
Ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa masu amfani da ƙananan abubuwa wanda ba za a iya kwatanta shi da sauran nama ba. An daɗe da lura cewa mutanen da ke yawan cin naman jeji ba sa saurin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da cutar kansa.
Amma jinin maral ya ma fi daraja. Mutane sun koya game da abubuwan warkarta shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. An daɗe da gaskata cewa jinin barewa yana taimaka wa mutane su kula da ƙarfi da kuma jinkirta tsufa na dogon lokaci.
Labarin yana nuna cewa jinin maralli shine mafi darajar magani ga shaman. Tare da ita ne suka sami nasarar warkar da cututtukan da ba su da bege. Daidai ne aka dauke ta azaman rayuwa. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da kula da 'yan asalin yankin na Altai da na Arewa da wannan maganin na banmamaki.
Duniyar wayewa tana da wadata a magunguna daban-daban dangane da jini da dutsin maral. Jan barewa na daga nau'ikan ƙa'idodi, rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsarin artiodactyl, dangin barewa.
Nau'o'in barewa daban-daban suna da girma dabam. Matsakaicin tsayin dabo na waɗannan dabbobi ya fara daga 0.8 zuwa 1.5 m, tsayinsu ya kai 2 m, kuma nauyinsu ya kai 200-400 kg. Akwai wata karamar barewa mara imani. Tsawonsa bai wuce mita 1 ba kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 50.
Ana kiran jan barewa saboda tana da madaidaiciya, siriri, tare da daidaitaccen gini, dogo mai tsayi da haske, kai mai tsayi. Idanun barewa rawaya-kasa-kasa. Gilashin zurfin da ke bayyane suna kusa da su. Dwayar a bayyane take a sararin goshinta mai faɗi.
Wasu jinsunan barewa suna da gaɓoɓin sirara masu ƙyalƙyali, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, sun yi gajarta. Amma duk suna da halin tsoka na gaɓoɓi da yatsu da ke tazara zuwa gefe, tare da membranes a mahaɗar.
Hakoran dabba sune cikakkun alamu na shekarunsa. Matsayin nika na hakora da haƙoran da aka sassaka, ƙwanƙolinsu da kusurwar hankalinsu sun ba ƙwararren masaniyar damar sanin ainihin shekarun maral ɗin.
Kaho babban fasali ne na wadannan dabbobi. Kare da tsirrai mata ne kawai ba su da ƙaho. Irin wadannan kyawawan kasusuwan halittar sune maza kawai. Reindeer yana da tururuwa a cikin jinsin maza da mata, kawai a cikin mata sun fi ƙanƙanta.
Fiye da rabin barewar na zubar da kwarkwatarsu kowace shekara. A wurin su, sababbi nan da nan ake kafa su. Da farko, sun hada da guringuntsi, daga baya sun zama sun cika da nama mai yawa daga kashi.
Girman su da ingancin su sun dogara ne kacokan da abincin dabbobi. Antlers wani nau'i ne na musamman na barewa da ke rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi. Ba sa sauke su na dogon lokaci.
Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankin masarufin ba su taɓa yin kahonninsu ba. Wannan shine babban kayan aikin kare kai na maza. Girman su, da yawan damar da barewa za ta ci duel.
Dabbobi suna shirya yaƙe-yaƙe galibi don haƙƙin mallakan mace. Tlearurukan reinda masu fikafikan kafa 120 cm na taimaka wa dabbar ta tono lashen bishiyar bishiyar daga ƙanƙarar.
Ana iya ganin siririn siriri da gajere akan fatar dawa. Wannan shine abin da yake cikin bazara. A cikin hunturu, da Jawo ya zama ya fi tsayi da kuma thicker. Launinsa ya zo da launuka iri-iri, daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa tare da dukkan palettes a tsakani, masu tabo da tabo. Wannan shine ɗayan dabbobi mafi sauri. Boyewa daga bin, barewar ta sami saurin 50-55 km / h.
Red salon barewa da mazauninsu
Kasashen Turai da Asiya, Rasha, Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Ostiraliya, New Zealand su ne mazaunin jan barewa. Ga waɗannan dabbobi, ba a lura da sha'awar yanayi ba.
Suna da kwanciyar hankali a saman shimfidar wuri da kuma yankunan da ke kan tsaunuka. Sun fi son barewa da dausayi, yankunan tundra mosses da lichens.
Don yawancin jinsin barewa, wurare masu dacewa tare da babban ɗumi. Saboda haka, suna zaune kusa da jikin ruwa. A cikin tsananin zafi, dabbobi kawai suna hawa cikin ruwa kuma don haka suyi sanyi a ciki.
Waɗannan dabbobin makiyaya ne. A lokacin bazara, barewa suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka inda akwai ciyawar ganye. Ciyarwar su ta canza tare da kwanciya a cikin ciyawa don hutawa. A lokacin hunturu, zasu iya yawo cikin daskararrun da ba za a iya amfani da su ba saboda a can ne kusan babu dusar ƙanƙara kuma akwai ɗimbin abinci a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara.
Marals suna da kunya. A lokaci guda, suna da juyayi da tashin hankali. Yaran dabbobi galibi suna da mafi girman faɗa tsakanin manya maimakon wasannin da aka saba waɗanda aka saba don shekarunsu.
Irin wannan yakin yana da ɗan tuna da gasar dambe. Wasu mahalarta mahaifa guda biyu sun ɗaga kan gabobin bayansu suna bugun juna da ƙafafunsu na gaba. Duk abin da ya fi tsanani ba safai ake ganin sa ba.
Wannan ya shafi maza. Mace, a gefe guda, tare da barazanar haɗari ga jariranta, na iya kai hari ga mafi munin mai farauta ba tare da wata fargaba ba. Fiye da baya na kerkeci sun karye daga bugun kafar wata barewa ta mata.
Wani lokacin sai kawai suka kasance gurgu. Maza kawai suna murkushe kerkeci da ƙafafunsu. A saboda wannan dalili, hatta manyan masu farauta koyaushe suna da sha'awar yin ritaya ko afkawa barewa a cikin babban garken.
Dearamar yarinya tana barazanar ta Wolverine. Ba zai yi wahala wannan dabba mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi ta tsaga saurayi maral ba tare da ƙwarewa ba. Wolverines suna ƙoƙari su guji barewa.
Dangane da mutane, barewa na fuskantar tsoro na gaske. Suna gudu a ɗan ƙanshin ɗan adam. Ko mace ba ta kokarin kare jaririnta yayin da yake hannun mutum. Tayi shiru tana kallon meke faruwa. Ita ce mace mafi girman balaga daga cikin jan barewar da galibi ke tsaye a saman babban garke motley da aka gauraya.
Nau'ikan jan barewa
Masu binciken sun kiyasta cewa akwai 51 wani irin jan barewa. Wasu mutane suna amfani da su don ƙara gwaiwa, roe deer da muntjaks zuwa wannan abun. A zahiri, idan akwai wasu kamanceceniya a tsakaninsu, kawai saboda suna dangi ne na kusa.
Dabbobi sun banbanta a tsakanin su a cikin halaye na waje, rarrabawar ƙasa, salon rayuwa da girmansu. Hakanan suna da abubuwa dayawa. Iyakar abin da aka keɓe shi ne barewar ruwa, wacce ba ta da tururuwa kwata-kwata.
Yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan suna da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Misali, jan barewa yana da yawancinsu fiye da duk sauran brethrenan uwan. Caucasian jan barewa ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan manyan maral. Misali ne mai matukar mahimmanci ga kimiyya, masana'antu da kyawawan halaye.
Jawar barewa
Deer sun fi son abincin tsire. Suna son ganye, buds, harbe-harben itace da shrubs na shekara-shekara. A lokacin rani, ana narkar da abincin su tare da mosses, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri.
A gefen bakin teku, galibi ana iya ganin tsiren tsire-tsire. Maral suna cin wannan kayan cikin farin ciki. Mafi sau da yawa, barewa suna cin rassan bishiyoyi iri-iri, kamar itacen oak, beech, ash, Willow, apple apple, pear.
Hatsi na da mahimmancin gaske ga waɗannan dabbobi, musamman a lokacin bazara. Idan saboda wasu dalilai babu isasshen abinci, ana amfani da allurar pine, amma wannan yana faruwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi saboda wannan samfurin yana haifar da rikicewar yankin narkewar dabba, musamman a cikin samari matasa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na jan barewa
Reindeer yana da ɗan abin da ba a saba da shi ba. Yawancin lokaci duk dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin wannan a bazara. A cikin marals, komai yana faruwa a lokacin kaka. Sauraro yana farawa ne daga mummunan faɗa tsakanin maza.
Galibi suna tare da sautunan tsawa masu ƙarfi. Bayan watanni 9 na ciki a ƙarshen Mayu, farkon Yuni, an haifi jariri. Calan maraƙin yana cikakke.
Amma a cikin kwanaki ukun farko, ya fi son kwanciya a keɓe a keɓaɓɓen wuri, yana ɓoye a cikin ciyawa ko dajin fern. Yana yin motsi kawai don yaye mahaifiyarsa.
Tuni a cikin shekaru 7 da haihuwa, jarirai suna yin ƙoƙari na farko don zama masu ƙarfi a ƙafafunsu kuma su bi mace. A cikin makonni biyu, sun riga sun sauƙaƙe suna tsalle-tsalle da ɓarna, kuma jim kaɗan gaba ɗaya sai suka yi nesa da garken.
A cikin daji, barewa na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. A gidajen zoo, an tsawaita rayuwarsu zuwa shekaru 30. Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja kunshe a cikin Littafin Ja kuma yana karkashin amintaccen kariyar mutane. Wasu mutane suna da sha'awar yin kiwo a gonar su. Sayi jan barewa gaskiyane. Kudinsa daga $ 2,500.
