Furfurar farar fata. Grey heron salon da mazauninsu

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Yayin saduwa da wannan sabon tsuntsu, kowane mutum yana sha'awar fasalinsa da halayensa. A bayyane ya gani akan mutane da yawa hoto, launin maraƙin launin toka ya banbanta da na wasu kuma abin ban sha'awa ne daban na nau'ikan nazarin Ardea cinerea, wanda ake fassara da "ash heron".

Wurin zama da fasali na gira mai ruwan toka

Furfurar farar fata nasa ne daga tsari na tsuntsaye, yanayin halittar mahaifa. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da sauran tsuntsaye masu kama da juna - shuɗin shuɗi da ɓoye. Yankin rarraba yana da fadi, yana zaune wani yanki na Turai, Afirka, tsibirin Madagascar da Indiya, Asiya (Japan da China).

A wasu yankuna mallaka na heron launin toka yaɗu, yayin da wasu wakilai keɓaɓɓu ke zaune. A wuraren da yanayi mara kyau kamar su Siberia da Turai tare da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi, masu jan hanzari ba sa jinkirtawa, suna tsayawa a waɗannan yankuna don hutawa yayin tashi.

Tsuntsayen ba masu zaba bane, amma suna zaɓar yankuna masu dumi, wadatattu da shrubs da filaye, ciyawa, ƙasashe masu cike da hanyoyin ruwa, a wuraren zama.

A cikin duwatsu launin toka mai launin toka ba safai ba, amma filayen, musamman masu wadataccen abinci mai dacewa da ita, suna cike da jin daɗi. Yawancin tsuntsaye sun kasu kashi biyu dangane da mazauninsu. Har ila yau, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar, a cikin yanayin rayuwa. Akwai ragi huɗu a cikin duka:

1. Ardea cinerea firasa - taurarin da ke zaune a tsibirin Madagascar ana rarrabe su da yawan baki da ƙafafu.

2. Ardea cinerea monicae - tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Mauritania.

3. Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark - mutane na ƙauyukan gabas.

4. Ardea cinerea cinerea L - Herons na Yammacin Turai, kamar tsuntsayen da ke zaune a ƙasashen Asiya, suna da laushi fiye da sauran nau'ikan.

Hannun ƙarfe, ba tare da la'akari da ƙananan kuɗi ba, suna da fasali na waje na yau da kullun. Jikinsu yana da girma kuma ya kai tsawon kimanin mita 1, wuyansa siriri ne, baki mai kaifi ne kuma mai tsayi da 10-14 cm.

Nauyin wakilin manya daga jinsin ya kai kilogiram 2, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsuntsu. Koyaya, an lura da ƙananan wakilai. Fuka-fukan fikafikan suna 1.5 m a kan talakawan. A ƙafafun akwai yatsun kafa huɗu, yatsan tsakiya na da tsayi, ɗayan yatsun ya duba baya.

Lumbin launin toka ne, duhu ne a bayansa, ya yi haske zuwa ciki da kirji. Lissafin ya kasance rawaya, kafafu launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu ko baƙi. Idanun rawaya ne masu haske da iyaka shuɗi. Kajin da ba su balaga ba cikakkun launi ne masu launin toka, amma tare da ci gaban fuka-fukai a kai suna yin duhu, ratsi-ratsi baƙi yana bayyana tare da gefen. Mata da maza sun bambanta kaɗan, kawai a cikin girman jiki. Fukafukai da baki na mace sun fi na 10-20 cm.

A cikin hoton, ɗa namiji da mace mara laushi a cikin gida

Hali, salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki

Bayani game da launin toka mai launin toka daga gefen halayya ba ta da yawa. Ba ta da bambanci a cikin tashin hankali ko kuma, akasin haka, a cikin halin kirki. Tana da kunya sosai, da ganin haɗari sai ta yi sauri ta tashi daga gidanta, ta jefa kajin nata.

Abincin Heron ya bambanta. Dogaro da yankin zama, tsuntsu na iya canza ɗabi'un ɗanɗano, ya dace da yanayin, amma galibi ya fi son abincin dabbobi. Abincinta shine: kifi, larvae, kadangaru, kwadi, macizai, beraye da kwari, molluscs da ɓawon burodi.

Tsuntsu mai launin toka mai haƙuri a cikin farauta Zata iya jira na dogon lokaci, ta yada fikafikanta kuma ta jawo hankalin wanda aka cutar. Lokacin da dabbar da ba ta yi sa'a ta kusanci ba, ba zato ba tsammani sai ta kama mai cutar da baki ta haɗiye shi.

Wasu lokutan heron yakan ci cikin guda, wani lokacin sai ya haɗiye abincin. Abubuwan daskararru (bawo, ulu, sikeli) suna sake farfadowa bayan cin abinci. Maraƙin zai iya zama dare da rana, tsayawa a tsaye a cikin ruwa ko a kan ƙasa, suna jiran abinci. Tsayayyar maraƙin gwal yana ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarta.

Herons suna zama a cikin manyan rukuni har zuwa gida 20 a cikin yanki ɗaya. Adadin yakan kai ga mutane 100 har ma da 1000. Suna magana da babbar murya da kwanciya, suna cikin haɗari, sautin da ke girgiza lokacin da suke bayyana zalunci.

Saurari muryar sirrin toka

Molting a babban maraƙin launin toka yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara bayan lokacin kiwo, wanda ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Gashin fuka-fukan sannu a hankali suna faduwa kuma an maye gurbinsu da sababbi na tsawon watanni har zuwa Satumba.

Hannun jirgi suna yin jirage a yayin ƙaura a cikin ƙungiyoyi a kowane lokaci na rana, suna tsayawa don ɗan hutawa da safe. Tsuntsayen ba sa fuskantar haɗarin jirgin nesa mai nisa su kaɗai.

Saboda kaifin baki, kananan masu farauta suna tsoron kai wa mahaukacin hari, kuma babban makiyinta shine babba, misali, fox, raccoons, jackals. Magpies, hankaka, beraye suna kwashe ƙwai.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai mai launin toka

Da shekara 2 na maza da shekara 1 ga mata, shirye shirye don haifuwa yana farawa. Wasu nau'ikan jinsin mace daya ne, masu aure ne don rayuwa, wasu masu auren mata fiye da daya, suna yin aure kowane yanayi.

Namiji ya fara gina gida na farko, bayan haka, a lokacin da yake hutu daga aiki, sai ya kira mace da babbar murya, amma da zaran ta isa gidan, sai ya kore ta don haka, gida ba zai kusan yin shiri ba. Bayan saduwa ta auku, sai kuma namijin da ya hadu da juna tare ya kammala wurin shimfidar.

Yawan kwai na iya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 9 a kowane kama. Shell launuka ne mai ɗanɗano ko shuɗi, girmansa ya kai 60 mm. Duk iyayen sun kyankyashe kwan, amma mace ta fi kwana a cikin gida. Bayan kwana 27, kajin suna kyankyashe, wadanda suke da hangen nesa, amma ba su da komai gaba daya kuma sun rasa abin yi.

Iyaye suna ciyar da kajinsu sau uku a rana ta hanyar sake sarrafa abinci a bakinsu. Yawan mace-mace tsakanin sabbin waƙoƙin da aka kyankyashe yana da yawa. Ba dukkan kajin ke gudanar da abincin da zasu noma ba, wasu kuma saboda yunwa suke mutuwa.

Hoton kaza ce mai launin toka a cikin gida

Mutane masu ƙarfi suna kashewa da jefa waɗanda ke da rauni don samun ƙarin abinci. Iyaye za su iya barin kajin su kaɗai a cikin rahamar masu farauta idan suka ga haɗari, suna ceton rayukansu.

A rana ta 7 ko 9, kajin suna da murfin gashin fuka-fukai, kuma a ranar ta 90, ana iya daukar kajin sun zama manya kuma sun samu, bayan haka sai su bar gidan iyayensu. Yaya tsawon lokacin hutun launin toka? Tsawon rayuwar tsuntsayen gajere ne, shekaru 5 kacal.

Yawan heron ba damuwa ga masana kimiyya ba. Tana zaune ne a nahiyoyi da yawa kuma tana mai ƙara yawan jama'arta, waɗanda sun riga sun kai sama da miliyan 4. Red littafin, launin toka heron ba a cikin haɗari, ba abu ne mai mahimmanci farauta ba, kodayake a hukumance an yarda da harbi tsuntsaye duk shekara.

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