Fauna na Antarctica kai tsaye dangane da yanayinta. Saboda haka, dukkan kwayoyin halittu na wannan nahiya suna samuwa ne kawai a wuraren da tsirrai suke.
Dangane da bayanin da aka samu daga masana kimiyya, duk dabbobin Antarctica, sun kasu kashi biyu cikin ruwa da kuma kasa. A lokaci guda, babu wakilan fauna na ƙasa gaba ɗaya a wannan nahiya. Jerin dabbobi na Antarctica (mafi mashahuri) an gabatar da shi a ƙasa.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa na Antarctica
Hatimin Weddell
Wannan nau'in fauna ya sami sunansa ne saboda kwamandan balaguron masana'antu a ɗaya daga cikin tekun Antarctica (kuma ya sami sunansa don girmama wannan masanin) - James Weddell.
Wannan nau'in dabba yana rayuwa a duk yankunan bakin teku na Antarctica. Dangane da kiyasi, a halin yanzu, adadinsu yakai dubu 800.
Babban mutum na wannan nau'in zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 350. Bambancin su shine zasu iya kasancewa cikin ruwa tsawon sa'a ɗaya. Abincin su ya hada da kifi da kayan kifin, wanda suke kamawa ba tare da wata matsala ba a zurfin mita 800.
A lokacin kaka na shekara, suna cizon ramuka a cikin sabon kankara da ya bayyana don su numfasa. Irin waɗannan ayyuka suna haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin tsofaffin wakilan jinsin, haƙoran, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun karye.
Hoton hatimin Weddell ne
Hatsi na Crabeater
An lura da hatimin crabeater a matsayin shi kaɗai a cikin gidan na Gaskiya hatimai. Wannan shine nau'ikan hatimi mafi yawa ba kawai tsakanin waɗanda ke zaune a Antarctica ba, har ma tsakanin waɗanda ke zaune a cikin faɗin duniya. Dangane da ƙididdiga daban-daban na masana kimiyya, yawansu ya bambanta daga mutane miliyan 7 zuwa 40.
Sunan waɗannan dabbobin ba shi da alaƙa da gaskiya, tunda ba a haɗa kadoji a cikin abincinsu. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ciyar da akasarin kifin Antarctic ne.
Girman hatimin mahaukaci, wanda ya kai girma, na iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 220-260, kuma nauyinsu ya bambanta daga kilogram 200 zuwa 300.
Akwai jiki mai tsayi da kuma siriri. Mulos din yana da tsayi kuma kunkuntar. Hakikanin launi na fur dinsu launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, amma bayan ya dushe sai ya zama fari mai laushi.
Hatunan Crabeater suna da haƙoran gefen hakora masu ƙwanƙwasa. Wannan fasalin yana nufin sun dace da juna sosai kuma sun ƙirƙiri wani nau'in sieve wanda zai basu damar tace abinci.
Kyakkyawan ingancin wannan nau'in hatimin shine cewa a gabar teku, suna kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi masu yawa. Wurin zama - Tekun Antarctic.
Suna shirya wa kansu rookeries akan kankara, wanda akan su suke saurin isa. Lokacin farautar da aka fi so shine da daddare. Zai iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na mintina 11.
A lokacin ciyar da jarirai, namiji koyaushe yana kiyayewa kusa da mace, yana ba ta abinci kuma yana koro wasu mazan. Tsawon rayuwarsu ya kai kimanin shekaru 20.
A cikin hoton akwai hatimin crabeater
Damisa ta teku
Hannun damisa suna daga cikin abubuwan da ba za a iya hango su ba kuma dabbobi masu ban sha'awa na Antarcticasaboda, duk da kyawun surar sa, maharbi ne.
Yana da ingantaccen jiki wanda ke ba shi damar matsawa ƙarƙashin ruwa da sauri fiye da sauran hatimin. Siffar kai ta gyaru, wacce tafi dacewa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Legsafafun gaba suna da tsawo, wanda kuma yake shafar saurin motsi a cikin ruwa.
Balagaggen namiji na wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon mita uku, yayin da mata suka fi girma kuma suna iya girma har zuwa mita huɗu. Dangane da nauyi, a cikin jinsin nau'ikan ya kai kilogiram 270, kuma a mata kusan kilogram 400.
Jiki na sama launin toka mai duhu ne, yayin da ƙarami farin azurfa ne. Suna zaune a duk yankin kewayen rarraba kankara na Antarctic.
Hannun damisa suna ciyarwa akan wasu danginsu, watau hatimin mahaukaci, hatimai na Weddell, hatimin kunnuwa, da penguins.
Hannun Damisa sun fi so su kama su kuma su kashe dabbobinsu a cikin ruwa, amma ko da ganimar ta hau kan kankara, ba za ta rayu ba, tunda waɗannan dabbobin za su bi ta can.
Bugu da kari, abincin wadannan dabbobi ya hada da kananan mutane, misali, Antarctic krill. Wannan nau'ikan hatimin na gado ne, saboda haka kowane ɗayan sa yana rayuwa shi kaɗai. Lokaci-lokaci, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na iya kafa tsakanin wakilan samari na jinsin.
Iyakar lokacin da mata da maza ke hulɗa da jinsin shine yayin saduwa (lokacin tsakanin watan da ya gabata na hunturu da tsakiyar kaka). Yi aure kawai a cikin ruwa. Bayan saduwa, mata na iya haifar ɗiya ɗaya. Tsawancin rayuwar jinsin yakai shekaru 26.
A cikin hatimin damisa
Ross hatimi
Irin wannan hatimin ya sami sunansa don girmama ɗayan shahararrun masu binciken Ingila - James Ross. Daga cikin sauran nau'ikan hatimin da ke zaune a Antarctica, ya yi fice don ƙaramin girmansa.
Babban mutum na wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon kimanin mita biyu, yayin da ya kai kilogram 200. Hatimin Ross yana da babban shafi na kitse mai sassauƙa da wuya mai kauri, wanda kusan zai iya jan kansa gaba ɗaya. Watau, kamanninta yana kama da ƙaramar ganga.
Launi mai canzawa kuma yana iya kewaya daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa kusan baƙi. Bangarorin da ciki koyaushe suna da haske - fari ko cream a launi. Ross hatimi ne na irin dabbobin arewacin Antarctica (yana zaune a arewacin nahiyar, wanda ke cike da wuraren wahalar shiga don bincike), saboda haka kusan ba a bincika shi ba. Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 20.
Hoton hatimin Ross ne
Giwar Ruwa
Wannan nau'in hatimin ya samo sunan shi ne saboda kamannin shi, wato hanci kamar hanci da girman jiki. Yana da kyau a lura cewa hanci mai kama da akwati yana kasancewa ne kawai a cikin mazan manya na wannan nau'in; samari da mata sun rasa wannan siffar hanci.
Yawanci, hanci ya kai girman girmansa kafin shekara ta takwas ta rayuwar giwar ta giwa kuma ya rataya a baki da hanci. A lokacin kiwo, jini mai yawa yana shiga hanci, wanda ke kara girmansa. Akwai irin waɗannan yanayi waɗanda a lokacin gwagwarmaya tsakanin maza, sun yayyage hancin junan su zuwa garesu.
A cikin wannan nau'in hatimin, girman maza ya ninka girman na mata sau da yawa. Misali, namiji na iya yin tsayi zuwa mita 6.5 a tsayi, amma mace kawai zuwa mita 3.5. Hakanan, nauyin hatimin giwa na iya zama kimanin tan 4.
Sun fi son salon kadaitaccen rayuwa, amma a kowace shekara suna taruwa cikin rukuni don jima'i. Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawan mata ya wuce adadin maza sosai, ana yaƙe-yaƙe na jini tsakanin na biyun don mallake harem. Waɗannan dabbobin suna cin abincin kifi da na kifayen abinci. Suna iya nutsewa don ganima zuwa zurfin mita 1400.
Hoton hatimin giwa ne
Tsuntsayen Antarctica
Sarkin mulkin penguuin
Tambayar tambaya abin da dabbobi ke zaune a Antarctica, mutane da yawa nan da nan suna tuna penguins, ba tare da tunanin cewa ainihin tsuntsaye bane. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'in penguin shine Emperor Penguin.
Ba shine kawai mafi girma ba, har ma mafi nauyin dukkan nau'in nau'in penguin da ke rayuwa a duniyar tamu. Tsayinsa na iya kaiwa santimita 122, kuma nauyinsa ya tashi daga kilogram 22 zuwa 45. Mata daga wannan nau'in sun fi na maza ƙanƙanta kuma tsayinsu ya kai santimita 114.
Daga cikin sauran nau'ikan penguins, suma suna tsayawa don muscularity. A baya, waɗannan penguins suna da gashin fuka-fuki, fari a kirji - wannan wani nau'in kariya ne daga abokan gaba. Akwai 'yan fuka-fukan gashin lemu a ƙarƙashin wuya da kuma kan kumatu.
Kimanin dubu 300 daga waɗannan penguins suna zaune a yankin Antarctica, amma suna ƙaura zuwa kudu don yin aure da ƙwai. Wadannan penguins suna cin abinci akan kifaye daban-daban, squid and krill.
Suna rayuwa kuma suna farauta galibi cikin ƙungiyoyi. Ana cin ƙananan ganima daidai wurin, amma waɗanda suka fi girma ana jan su zuwa bakin ruwa don yankan. Rayuwarsa ta kusan shekaru 25.
Sarkin mulkin penguuin
Ganyen dusar kankara
Ganyen dusar kankara tsuntsu ne wanda Johann Reingold Forster ya fara ganowa a shekarar 1777. Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in dabbar zai iya kaiwa santimita 40, fikafikansa yakai santimita 95.
Launin fari ne, kawai a gefen saman saman ido akwai ƙaramin wuri mai duhu. Bakin baki baki ne. Paafafun wannan nau'in tsuntsaye suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Suna da matukar son ƙananan jirage, daga saman ruwan.
Bututun mai ba su da ƙarfi. Abincin ya hada da kanana, Antarctic krill, squid. Zasu iya yin gida biyu-biyu ko kuma rukuni-rukuni. Sun fi son yin gida a kan tsaunukan dutse. A lokacin ciyarwar, namijin yana samar da abinci da kariya.
Ganyen dusar kankara
Abin takaici, duk an gabatar hotunan dabbobin Antarctica ba za su iya zana cikakkiyar ƙawarsu ba, kuma ya kamata a yi fatan cewa wata rana Antarctica za ta buɗe shimfidarta ga mutane.
