Ambistoma - Wannan dan amshi ne, an kasafta shi ga ƙungiyar taled. An rarraba shi sosai a Amurka, a cikin Rasha masu amfani da ruwa ne ke amfani da shi.
Fasali da mazaunin ombistoma
A bayyane, yayi kama da ƙadangare da mutane da yawa suka sani, kuma a cikin ƙasashen Amurka har ma ana masa lakabi da salamander. Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsananin danshi, waɗanda ke da ƙasa mai laushi da lalataccen kazanta.
Yawancin mutanen da aka haɗa a ciki aji masu son kai yana Arewacin Amurka, kudancin Kanada. Iyalan wadannan kadangaru sun hada da nau'ikan ambistom iri daban-daban guda 33, kowanne da irin halayensa.
Mafi shaharar su shine:
- Tiger ambistoma. Zai iya kai tsawon santimita 28, yayin da kusan kashi 50% na jiki ke fama da jela. A gefen salman akwai dogayen duwatsu 12, kuma launuka launuka ne masu haske na kore ko launin ruwan kasa Lines da ɗigon ruwan rawaya suna ko'ina cikin jiki. Akwai yatsun kafa huɗu a ƙafafun gaba, biyar kuma a ƙafafun baya. Kuna iya haɗuwa da irin wannan mai son zuciya a yankunan da ke arewacin Mexico.
A cikin hoton damisa ambistoma
- Marmara ambistoma. Daga cikin sauran ire-iren wannan umarnin, ya yi fice sosai don tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Raunuka masu launin toka suna ko'ina cikin jiki, yayin da a cikin wakilan maza na jinsin sun fi sauƙi. Babban mutum na wannan nau'in na iya isa girman santimita 10-12. Ana zaune a gabas da yamma na Amurka.
Hoto hoton marmara ne
- Haske mai-haske-rawaya Wakilin wannan nau'in na amphibians na iya girma zuwa santimita ashirin da biyar a tsayi. Ya yi fice saboda launin fata baƙar fata, an sanya ɗigon rawaya a baya. Ba a ganin tsarkakakkun salamanders irin wannan. Wurin zama ya rufe gabashin Kanada da Amurka. Ana gane shi azaman alamar South Carolina.
Haske mai-haske-rawaya
- Tsibirin Mexico Babban mutum na wannan nau'in ya sha bamban a girman daga santimita 15 zuwa 25. Sashin babba na salamander baƙar fata ne tare da ƙananan raƙuman rawaya, ƙananan ɓangaren rawaya ne mai haske tare da ƙananan tabo baƙar fata. Yana zaune a yamma da gabashin Amurka.
Tsibirin Mexico
- Pacific ambistoma... Kunshe a ciki katuwar burjizaune a Arewacin Amurka. Tsawon jikin amphibian na iya kaiwa santimita 34.
A cikin hoton, ambistoma na Pacific
Bayan bita hoto ambist, waɗanda aka lissafa a sama, zaku iya ganin manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin su.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar ambistoma
Tunda akwai nau'ikan son zuciya iri daban-daban, dabi'a ce cewa kowannensu yana da halaye da halaye irin nasa. Tiger ambistomas sun gwammace su zauna cikin kabari cikin yini, kuma da daddare sukan tafi neman abinci. Mai saurin yanayi da tsoro, jin haɗari, ya fi son komawa rami, koda kuwa an barshi ba tare da abinci ba.
Marmara ambistomas sirri ne, sun fi son ƙirƙirar wa kansu ramuka a ƙarƙashin ganyen da suka faɗi da bishiyoyin da suka faɗi. Wani lokaci sukan zauna a cikin ramuka da aka yashe. Masu salamun-tabo masu launin rawaya sun fi son salon karkashin ƙasa, don haka zaka gansu a saman duniya kawai a ranakun da ake ruwan sama. A lokaci guda, waɗannan amphibians ba su ƙirƙirar wa kansu gidaje da kansu ba, suna amfani da abin da ya rage bayan sauran dabbobi.
Duk nau'ikan waɗannan amphibians suna rayuwa cikin ramuka kuma sun fi son farauta cikin duhu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ba su jure wa zafi mai yawa, yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau a gare su 18-20 digiri, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi 24 digiri.
Suna da wani takamaiman hali, saboda suna son kawaici kuma basa barin wani ya kusance su. Hannun kiyaye kai yana cikin babban matakin. Idan ambistomas suka faɗa cikin hannun mai farauta, ba za su ba da na ƙarshe ba, suna cije shi da kuma dame shi. A wannan yanayin, duk gwagwarmayar ambistoma za a sami sautuna masu ƙarfi, wani abu mai kama da screeching.
Abincin abinci na Ambistoma
Ambistomas da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin masu zuwa:
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- tsutsotsi;
- kifin kifi;
- dodunan kodi;
- slugs;
- malam buɗe ido;
- gizo-gizo.
Ambistoma tsutsa a cikin yanayin yanayi suna cin abinci kamar:
- daphnia;
- cyclops;
- wasu nau'ikan zooplankton.
Waɗannan mutanen da ke kiyaye ambistoma a cikin akwatin kifaye ana ba su shawarar su ciyar da shi da abinci mai zuwa:
- nama mara kyau;
- kifi;
- kwari iri-iri (tsutsotsi, kyankyasai, gizo-gizo).
Ambistoma axolotl tsutsa ya kamata a ciyar da shi a kowace rana, amma ya kamata a ba manya masu burin burin su wuce sau 3 a mako.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na ambistoma
Domin ambistoma ta sake haihuwa, tana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, a farkon lokacin saduwar aure, masu ambistomas suna ƙaura zuwa waɗancan yankuna dazuzzuka waɗanda ke cika ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Yawancin mutanen wannan nau'in sun fi son haifuwa a cikin bazara. Amma marbled da ringed ambistomas haifuwa kawai a cikin kaka.
A lokacin saduwar aure, maza suna kwankwadar kwayar halitta a matsayin masu burin, kuma mata na shan ta tare da taimakon cloaca. Daga nan sai mata su fara sanya jakunkunan da kwai ke dauke da su, a cikin jaka daya za a iya samun daga kwai 20 zuwa 500, yayin da kowane daya daga cikinsu zai iya kaiwa milimita 2.5.
Ambistomas suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa don haifuwa.
Qwai waɗanda aka ɗora a cikin ruwan dumi suna haɓaka cikin lokacin daga 19 zuwa 50 kwanakin. Bayan wannan lokacin, tsutsar ambistoma sun bayyana a duniya, tsayinsu ya bambanta daga 1.5 zuwa 2 santimita.
Ambistoma axolotl (tsutsa) ya kasance cikin ruwa tsawon watanni 2-4. A wannan lokacin, manyan maganganu suna faruwa tare dasu, watau, axolotl ya zama mai son zuciya:
- fins da gills sun ɓace;
- ƙyallen ido ya bayyana akan idanu;
- ci gaban huhu an lura;
- jiki yana samun launi na nau'in mahaɗan daidai.
Larananan larvae sun isa ƙasa ne bayan sun kai tsawon santimita 8-9. Don sauya akwatin kifaye axolotl zuwa babban buri, ya zama dole a hankali juya akwatin kifin a cikin terrarium.
A cikin hoto axolotl
Wannan yana buƙatar rage adadin ruwan da ke cikin sa da ƙara yawan ƙasa. Tsutsa ba za ta sami wani zaɓi ba sai yayo cikin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, wanda bai kamata ya yi tsammanin canji na sihiri ba, axolotl zai juya zuwa ambistoma ba da wuri ba cikin makonni 2-3.
Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa zaku iya juya axolotl ya zama babba tare da taimakon magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka kirkira don glandar thyroid. Amma za a iya amfani da su ne kawai bayan sun shawarci likitan dabbobi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa don sanya ƙwai, mata masu son zuciya ba sa shiga cikin ruwa, suna shimfiɗa jakunkunan caviar a ƙananan wurare, wanda nan gaba tabbas ruwa zai mamaye shi.
Ana sanya ƙwai a wurare daban-daban, yayin da aka zaɓi wurare, aka sanya su ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da suka faɗi ko kuma a cikin ganyen ganye. An lura cewa a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye (tare da kulawa mai kyau), ambistoma na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10-15.
