Fasali da mazaunin otter na teku
Otter na teku ko otter na teku mai cin nama ne na gabar tekun Pacific. Bugun wakilan fauna na gabar tekun Pacific sune dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda kuma ake kira otters sea ko beavers.
Kamar yadda aka gani akan hoton otter na teku, dabba ce mai matsakaiciya tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya madaidaiciya da kai zagaye. Yawancin lokaci otters na teku, ana ɗaukar ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna da tsayin jiki na kusan mita ɗaya da rabi, ƙarancin girma zuwa hatimi, walruses da like.
Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan teku, waɗanda suka ɗan fi mata girma, sun kai nauyin da bai wuce kilogiram 45 ba. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsayin jikin dabba (kimanin 30 ko ɗan santimita kaɗan) shine wutsiya.
Baki da babban hanci sun fi fice musamman a fuska, amma idanuwa kanana ne sosai, kuma kunnuwa kanana ne har ya zama ba su da wata ma'ana a kan shugabannin wadannan halittu. ta hanyar bayarwa bayanin otter na teku, ya kamata a ambaci cewa manyan vibrissae suna fitowa sama da saman gashin gashin yankin hanci na dabba - gashi mai tauri, wanda yanayi ya baiwa dabbobi masu shayarwa da gabobin tabawa.
Launukan dabbobi haske ne da duhu, suna bambanta a cikin tabarau, daga ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa akwai baƙar fata baki ɗaya - melanists da fari gaba ɗaya - albinos.
Fata mai kauri da kauri na otters na teku, wanda ya kunshi nau'i biyu na gashi: Jawo da tsaro, yana ba dabbobi damar zama cikin dumi cikin ruwan sanyi. A lokacin bazara, tsohuwar ulu tana faduwa musamman da karfi, kodayake tana canzawa duk tsawon shekara, wanda shine kebantaccen fasalin wadannan dabbobin ruwa.
Tekun teku yana kula da furcinsa a hankali, kuma yana yi masa hidima a matsayin kyakkyawan kariya daga yanayi mara kyau na duniyar waje, wanda yanayin ya taimaka dabba ta daidaita. Mafificin mazaunin otter na teku shine ruwan teku. Suna zuwa gabar teku wani lokacin sukan dan bushe kadan.
Koyaya, duk ya dogara da mazaunin. Misali, otters na teku da ke zaune a California sun fi son zama a cikin ruwa dare da rana. Kuma mazaunan tsibirin Medny, wanda shine ɗayan kusurwoyin Kamchatka, har ma suna zuwa ƙasa don su kwana.
Yanayin yanayi ma yana da mahimmanci. Cikin hadari otter na teku ba zai kuskura ya yi iyo kusa da gabar teku ba. Bayyanar gaban gaba da na wata gabar dabba na da manyan bambance-bambance. Paafafun dabbobi na gaba gajere ne kuma suna da dogayen yatsu, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga waɗannan halittu su kama ganima kuma, kamar vibrissae, suna aiki ne kamar gabobin taɓawa.
A cikin hoton otter na teku tare da ɗan maraƙi
Dalilin dogayen gabobin hannu, masu kama da ƙege da yatsun da aka haɗu, ya banbanta gaba ɗaya; suna taimaka wa halittu yin iyo da nutsuwa daidai. Irin wadannan dabbobin ba suna rayuwa kawai a bakin tekun Kalifoniya ba, kuma suna da yawa musamman a jihar Washington, Alaska, kusa da gabar Kanada a British Columbia.
A cikin Rasha, waɗannan dabbobin ana samun su galibi a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a kan tsibirin yankin Kamchatka.
Tekun otter
Tekun otter teku otter na daga masu binciken dabbobin zuwa ga weasels, kasancewar shi wakili mafi girma na wannan dangi. Kimanin ƙarni biyu ko uku da suka wuce, yawan waɗannan dabbobin, a cewar masana kimiyya, sun fi yawa kuma sun kai girman mutane miliyan da yawa, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin babban yankin Tekun Pacific.
Koyaya, a karnin da ya gabata, saboda mummunar lalacewar dabbobi, halin da suke ciki ya taɓarɓare sosai, sakamakon haka aka ɗauke su cikin kariya, wanda aka lura a cikin Littafin Ja. Ruwan teku sun zauna a cikin tsoffin wurarensu, ban da haka, an ɗauki wasu matakan kariya, kuma an hana farautar waɗannan dabbobin.
Sakamakon irin waɗannan matakan, yawan jama'a ya ƙaru kaɗan, amma mazaunin har yanzu ba su da yawa. A halin yanzu, masana otal din sun raba otters zuwa kananan kungiyoyi uku. Tsakanin su arewacin teku otter, Californian da Asiya, ko gama gari.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar otter
Waɗannan suna da salama sosai, dabbobin da ke da aminci, ba tare da zalunci ba, ga danginsu da sauran wakilan dabbobin, da kuma mutane.
Irin wannan wautar ta zama daya daga cikin dalilan hallaka wadannan halittu, wanda bai nuna wata fargaba ba koda a cikin yanayi mai hadari kuma ya baiwa mafarauta damar kusantar su. A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, otters na teku ya fi son zama a cikin ƙananan rukuni, sau da yawa suna yin kwanakin su kadai.
Idan sabon shiga yana son shiga cikin ƙungiyar masu sauya ruwan teku, ana maraba dashi, kuma galibi ba wanda ya tsoma baki ga waɗanda suke da shawarar barin ƙungiyar. Yawan al'ummomin otter a teku suna canzawa, kuma wakilai masu kadaici na jinsi biyu, da kuma kananan dabbobi, na iya zama membobi a ciki.
Yawancin lokaci, membobin waɗannan rukunin suna yin lokaci tare kawai lokacin hutu, suna taruwa a wasu wurare, misali, a cikin daskararrun tsiren ruwan teku. Tafiya otter teku otter ba musamman son, amma idan wasu mutane tafiya dogon, to, kawai maza.
Hankalin dabbobi ya bunkasa sosai. Lokacin aiki na yini a gare su shine rana. Tashi da sassafe otter na dabba nan da nan ya ci gaba da neman abinci kuma ya yi bayan gida, yana kawo rigarsa cikakke.
Abu mai mahimmanci ga masu juyawar teku shine kulawa da gashin kansu, wanda suke tsaftace shi sosai da kuma tsefewa kowace rana, suna 'yantar da gashin daga ragowar ƙashin gamsai da abinci, ban da haka, ta wannan hanyar suna taimakawa ulu ɗin don kar ta jike gaba ɗaya, wanda ya zama dole don guje wa hypothermia na dukkan jikinsu.
Da tsakar rana, bisa ga aikin yau da kullun, dabbobi na fara hutun rana da nutsuwa. Da rana, masu sauya teku za su sake ba da sadarwar da wasanni, a tsakanin su an ba da wuri na musamman don son saduwa da kulawa. Sannan sake hutawa da sadarwa. Da dare, dabbobi na barci.
Tekun otter
A cikin sanyin yanayi mai nutsuwa, otters na teku don neman abinci suna iya yin nesa da bakin teku sosai. Samun abinci wa kansu, suna nitsewa zuwa zurfin ruwa kuma suna zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon sakan 40.
Kuma tun da sun sami abinci mai dacewa a cikin zurfin teku, ba sa cin abincinsu nan da nan, amma suna tattara fatu a cikin ɗakuna na musamman, waɗanda a kamanninsu suna kama da aljihun da ke ƙasan ƙafafun hagu da dama.
Rayuwa mai aiki a cikin ruwan sanyi yana tilastawa dabbobi cin abinci mai yawa. Don haka, ya zama cewa a cikin rana an tilasta musu su sha abubuwan gina jiki har zuwa 25% na nauyinsu. Bukatunsu da dandanonsu suna haɗuwa da halittu masu rai, waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'in dozin huɗu na ƙwayoyin teku.
Daga cikinsu akwai kifin kifi da kunnuwa, nau'ikan kifaye da yawa. Crabs, clams, scallops, chitons, mussels da urchins na teku na iya zama abincin su. Yankin teku na Arewacin teku yana ciyar da dorinar ruwa sosai, amma na dukkan gabobin wadannan halittu masu rai, tantin kawai ake ci.
Bayan sun fito daga ruwa bayan farauta cikin nasara, dabbobin sun shiga cikin abinci. Suna da hankali sosai cewa, yayin gano mollusks, suna amfani da duwatsu waɗanda suka samu a saman tekun, yayin da suke tara ganimar cikin cikinsu da buga abubuwa masu nauyi.
Sau da yawa irin waɗannan na'urori ana adana su a cikin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen kuma ana amfani da su don dalilai ɗaya a wani lokaci. A aljihunansu, dabbobin ma suna ɗauke da kayan abinci da suka rage daga abinci mai yawa. Kuma bayan cin abinci, halittu masu tsabta dole ne su tsabtace gashinsu. Otters na teku suna shayar da ƙishirwa da ruwan teku, kuma ƙodarsu suna da ikon sarrafa wannan adadin gishirin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar otter
Daga cikin wasannin cikin sadarwar dabbobin da aka siffanta, kwarkwasa da shaƙatawa suna da wuri na musamman, yayin da maza ke ninkaya da nutsewa tare da waɗanda suka zaɓa na dogon lokaci.
Urtsawancen aure yana kasancewa a duk shekara, babu wani takamaiman lokacin da aka ayyana don kiwo don waɗannan dabbobi, kuma saduwa, wacce ke yuwuwa bayan mutane sun kai shekara biyar, na faruwa koyaushe kuma a kowane lokaci. Gaskiya ne, a wasu yankuna inda dabbobi ke rayuwa, lokacin bazara ne wanda aka sanya shi cikin ayyukan ibadar aure.
Yayin wasanni, maza suna kama 'yan matansu a hanci, saboda haka suna riƙe su yayin saduwa. Abin takaici, irin wannan maganin sau da yawa yakan haifar da matsaloli na baƙin ciki. Bayan saduwa, abokan sun kasance tare da waɗanda suka zaɓa fiye da kwanaki shida, bayan haka sai su tafi, ba su da sha'awar zuriyar kuma ba sa shiga cikin tarbiyyar. Kuma abokansu, bayan watanni bakwai ko takwas na ciki, sai su tafi don haihuwa a kan ƙasa, ba da daɗewa ba za su haifi ɗa ɗaya.
Idan tagwaye sun bayyana, to, a ƙa'ida, ɗayan jarirai ne kawai ke rayuwa. Na biyun yana da dama idan wata uwa mara sa'a ta karɓe ta ta rasa ɗiyarta saboda dalilai daban-daban.
An haifi jarirai marasa taimako kuma watannin farko basa iya rayuwa masu tasowa ba tare da kulawar uwa ba. Mata suna ɗaukar theira theiran su akan cikin su, basa barin su su kula da kansu kuma su sake kawai don ɗan gajeren lokaci su sha a cikin ruwa ko a gabar teku.
Wannan shine yadda masu kula da uwa ke koyawa jarirai cin abinci da farauta da kyau. Yara sun fara gwada abinci mai ƙarfi bayan wata ɗaya, ba da wuri ba. Kari kan haka, mata suna wasa da yaransu sosai, suna lallabatarsu da jefar da su, suna kula da su cikin kauna da soyayya, kuma, idan ya zama dole, ba da son kai ba kare 'ya'yansu, suna kasada kansu.
A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, otters na teku bai wuce shekaru goma sha ɗaya ba, kodayake akwai masu dogon rai waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa kusan kusan kwata na karni. Amma a cikin bauta, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa tsawon rai, suna da damar da za su ci gaba cikin cikakkiyar lafiya har tsawon shekaru.
