Sabbin labarai nasa ne na ainihin salamanders na iyali, umarnin na amphibians mai ƙanshi. Wannan dabba wani dan asalin halitta ne daga kasar Sweden K. Gesner ya fara ambatarsa a tsakiyar karni na 16, inda yake kiranta "kadangarar ruwa".
Iyalin kanta a halin yanzu sun haɗa da kusan nau'in ɗari na amphibians masu ƙanshi, amma huɗu kawai daga cikinsu sun bazu a Rasha. Wadannan sun hada da kuma kadangare crested newt.
Rarrabawa da wurin zama na sabbin mutane
Sabbin mutane suna zaune a arewacin ƙasashen Jamus, Switzerland, Faransa da Poland, kuma ana iya samun su cikin sauƙi a cikin Belarus da Ukraine. Daga kudu, yankin yana da iyaka da Balkans da Alps.
Yankunan da aka rarraba na sabon ya zo daidai da mazaunin sabon sabon, duk da cewa adadin na farko ya ninka sau 5, kuma sun fi son ruwan dumi. Sabbin mutane masu zama sun kasance galibi a cikin yankunan daji na coniferous ko gauraye iri, mazaunan manyan, amma ba zurfin ruwa mai zurfin ciyawa ba.
Bugu da ƙari, ruwan da ke cikinsu dole ne ya zama mai tsabta, tunda wutsiyoyin da ke haɗe da wutsiyoyi suna da zaɓi musamman don tsabtace ruwan. Bayan saduwa da wannan amphibian a cikin kandami, tabbatar cewa ruwan da ke ciki sabo ne.
Bayani da fasali na sabon saiti
Daga hoto na sabon abu zaka iya gane jima'i na dabba. A cikin maza, daga matakin ido har zuwa wutsiya, daɗaɗɗun maganganu masu kama da haske. A farkon wutsiyar, an katse shi kuma ya ci gaba kuma, amma ba shi da jags.
Mata, duk da haka, ba su da wata ƙira kuma sun fi na maza ƙanana. Tsawon jikinsu ya banbanta daga 12 zuwa 20 cm, yayin da namijin bai wuce girman cm 15 zuwa 15 ba. Wutsiyar kadangarar ruwa ta dan yi kadan ko daidai take da tsayin dukkan jikin amphibian.
Bayanta da gefunan sabon an rufe su da fata mai laushi, yayin da akan ciki mai taushi ne kuma mai santsi. An zana kadangarr launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da tabo, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yake da kusan kusan baki. Babban siliki ko shuɗi mai shuɗi yana gudana tare da wutsiya.
Hannun gefen yatsun da yatsun kafa, a gefe guda, lemu ne mai haske mai duhu. Saboda wannan fasalin daban, sababbi masu kyan gani sun zama mazaunan gidajen ruwa a gida. Bayanin sabon abu ya sha bambam da bayanin sabon abu da aka saba da shi a cikin tsarin ƙira (a ƙarshen yana da ƙarfi), da kuma rashin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya a ido.
Sau daya a cikin ruwa, kadangare kan zubar sau daya a mako, kuma fatar ba ta lalace ba, sabon an 'yanta shi, yana juya shi zuwa ciki. Hakanan an lura da damar ban mamaki da sabon yayi don canza launinsa daga inuwa mai haske zuwa mai duhu da baya. Wannan kallon kuma na musamman ne a cikin ikon sabunta kusan kowane sashi na jikinku, tun daga yatsu zuwa idanu.
Crested sabon salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki
Mafi yawan lokuta, amphibian da ke cikin ruhu suna rayuwa ne a doron ƙasa, kuma kawai a cikin bazara, lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya fara, gabaɗaya yakan shiga cikin ruwa. Ba ya jure wa buɗe rana da zafi, don haka yana son ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin ɓarna, a cikin ɓawon burodi ko inuwar daji. Da rana, dabbar tana aiki a cikin ruwa, amma da magariba ta fara sai ta sauka a kan tudu, inda take yin farauta a lokacin.
A ƙarshen kaka, yanayin sanyi yakan zo kuma sabon ya shiga rashin kwanciyar hankali. Amfani na amphibian yana zaune a cikin tsakuwa, tsummoki na shuke-shuke, burrowing a gansakuka ko a cikin ramuka na rodents da moles. Idan mutane suna zaune kusa, sababbi suna kwanciyar hankali suna hutawa a cikin ɗakuna ko kuma a wasu gine-ginen gida.
Zasu iya yin hirar kansu su kaɗai kuma a cikin manyan gungun mutane. Sun fito daga barci a tsakiyar Maris, suna riƙe da ikon iya motsawa koda tare da karatun zafin ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da zafi.
Lokacin da sabon yayi iyo, yana matse ƙafafuwanta zuwa jiki, suma zasu zama mataimaki ne. Babban "mai turawa" shine wutsiya, wacce dabbar take bugawa har sau 10 a dakika guda, tana bunkasa saurin cikin ruwa.
A matsayin mai farauta, abincin wanda aka kirkira sabo ya hada da larvae, beetles, slugs, crustaceans, da kuma abinci na musamman - caviar da tadpoles na sauran amphibians. Daga cikin wakilan manya, akwai batun cin naman mutane.
Sabon salo bai bambanta a hangen nesa ba, saboda haka yana da wahala a gare shi ya sami abinci mai rai a jikin ruwa da ƙasa. Dangane da wannan fasalin, kadangare yakan tilastawa yunwa. A cikin bauta, ana iya ciyar da amphibians da busassun ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda ake siyarwa a kowane shagon dabbobi. Mai wutsiya ba zai ƙi daga kyankyasai ba, tubuleworms, tsutsar ciki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar sabon abu
Da yake tashi daga barci a cikin watan Maris, sababbin sababbi suna shirya don lokacin saduwa. Launinsu ya zama yana haske, wata babbar halitta ta bayyana a cikin namiji, wanda ke alamta sha'awar dabbar don samun takin.
Namiji ya fara neman aure ta hanyar yin kuwwa. A lokaci guda, yana matsa cloaca akan saman wuya da ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa, don haka yana nuna yankin da ya zaɓa. Macen, wacce ta tashi zuwa kiran, tana cikin rawar rawa mai ban mamaki, a yayin da maza ke yin kunci da jikinsa duka, suna taɓa jelarsa zuwa kan matar, suna hana ta wucewa.
Wani saurayi mai zafi yana sanya dunƙulen gamsai tare da ƙwayayen haihuwa na maza a cikin ruwa, wanda masoyin da ya ci nasara ya ɗauka cikin caca. Tuni cikin jiki, aikin hadi ke gudana.
A matsakaici, sabuwar mace tana fitar da kwai 200, amma wani lokacin adadin yakan wuce tayi 500. Spawning yana ɗaukar makonni biyu zuwa takwas. Qwai, ɗayan ko a cikin sarƙoƙi da yawa, mace tana haɗe ta a bayan ganyen, ya bar su a buɗe.
Bayan makonni biyu, tsutsa daga 8-10 mm a cikin girma suna fitowa daga ƙwai. Da farko, suna fama da yunwa, tunda a wannan matakin bakin bai riga ya fito ba, amma an riga an gano ƙafafun kafa na gaba da gill, waɗanda tsutsa ke numfasawa kafin fara metamorphosis. Bayan wani mako, gabobin bayan kafa sun bayyana.
Kamar manya, larvae masu farauta ne. Hari daga kwanton bauna, suna cin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna cin abinci a kan tsutsa. Sau da yawa, yaran da suka fi girma a cikin sabbin sabbin mutane ba sa jinkirin ciye-ciye a kan ƙananan mutane na sababbin sababbin.
A farkon kaka, tsutsar metamorphosis ta ƙare, kuma a hankali suke sauka a kan ƙasa, suna ɓuya a cikin ciyayi da ƙarƙashin ɓarke a kusa da tafkin. Animalsananan dabbobi suna da ikon haifuwa da kansu har sun kai shekaru uku.
A cikin muhallinsu na asali, amphibians masu wahala suna rayuwa shekaru 15-17, a cikin zaman talala suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25-27. Yawan sababbi suna raguwa cikin sauri saboda ci gaban masana'antu da gurɓataccen ruwa mai tsabta, wanda sababbi ke da saukin kamuwa da shi. Shigarwa Karin newt zuwa ga Duniya Littafin Ja kuma Littafin yankuna da yawa na Rasha ya zama ma'auni wanda babu makawa a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwarsa.
