Fasali da mazauninsu
Hakanan ana iya kiran wannan dabbar sabon yatsun kafa huɗu, amma sanannen suna - Salamar Siberia... Sabuwar yana da launi mai ruwan kasa a saman ɓangaren jiki, amma launi ba iri ɗaya ba ne, kuna iya lura da ɗigogi iri-iri, zane, ratsi, amma ba launuka masu haske ba.
Sabuwar yana da tabarau da yawa na babban launi (launin ruwan kasa). Yin la'akari hoton Siberia salamander, to kana iya ganin inuwa mai hayaki, kuma mai haske, kuma mai tsananin duhu, kusan baki, har ma da zinariya.
Siffar jiki, kamar kowane sabon abu, mai tsayi ne, mai ɗan kaho, mai kai tsaye, a gefunan akwai ƙafafu huɗu waɗanda akan yatsunsu. Kodayake ana kiran wannan sabon yatsan yatsu huɗu, amma ba duk mutane ke da yatsu 4 ba. Kuna iya samun salamander tare da yatsunsu uku da biyar.
Wutsiyar an kwantar da ita daga tarnaƙi da tsawo, amma tsayin ta ya bambanta ga kowane mutum. Akwai wadanda jikinsu ya fi guntun gajarta, amma galibi wutsiyar ta fi ta jiki gajarta. Tsawon ɗayan dabbar ya kai 12-13 cm, wannan kuma ya haɗa da girman jela. Fata mai santsi ne, duk da haka, akwai ramuka 12 zuwa 15 a gefen.
Wannan amphibian yana jin daɗi sosai a cikin Rasha kuma ana rarraba shi kusan a cikin ƙasar. Gaskiya ne, lambar su ba ta da yawa a Ural na Tsakiya da kuma Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Saboda haka a can An jera Siberian salamander a cikin Littafin Ja.
Salamanders suna rayuwa mafi dacewa a cikin yankuna masu ƙasƙanci, inda akwai wuraren ajiyar ruwa - koguna, fadama ko tabkuna. Ana iya ganin su a cikin gauraye, coniferous ko bishiyun bishiyoyi. Ba sa tsoron mutane sosai, galibi ana haɗuwa da su a wuraren shakatawa, kusa da layin dogo, kuma ƙauyuka sukan gan su.
Mai sallamar baya ma tsoron daskarewa, saboda yana daya daga cikin tsirarun dabbobin da suka dace da rayuwa a cikin ta permafrost. Akwai misalan yadda wadannan sababbi suka share shekaru 100 a cikin rudani, sannan suka dawo cikin mu'ujiza.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Babban aikin wannan babban amphibian yana faɗuwa ne a yamma da rana ko da dare. Da rana suna ɓoyewa cikin kowane irin ɓoye suna jiran fitowar duhu. Wani lokaci sabon abu yana iya fitar da hancinsa, amma baya fitowa da kansa.
Fatarsa tana bushewa da sauri a buɗe rana ya zama kusan baƙi. Dabbar kanta ta zama mai rauni sosai kuma ta mutu da sauri. Idan yanayin iska ya haura digiri 27, hatta inuwar ba ta adana sallamar; in da zafi za ta mutu ko da a inuwar.
Amma larvae masu salamander basa dakatar da ayyukansu a rana. Ba sa jin tsoron bushewar fata. Kodayake dabbar tana dacewa don rayuwa cikin sanyi, amma, ba shakka, baya jurewa sanyi lokacin farke.
Daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba (ya danganta da wurin da mutum yake zaune), dabbar tana neman keɓantaccen wuri, ba ta ba shi kayan aiki da yawa don sauƙaƙawa, nan da nan ya nemi wani wuri da aka shirya don hunturu, da masu hibernates. Za'a iya samun sabbin sababbi na hunturu a ƙarƙashin wani lokacin farin ruwa na ganyen da suka faɗi, a cikin ƙurar tsohuwar kututture, a cikin itace da ta mutu, ko kuma kawai a binne a cikin ƙasa.
Can salamar a cikin yanayin bacci yana ciyarwa daga watanni 5 zuwa 8. Amma dusar kankara ta fara narkewa, yayin da sabbin abubuwa suka zo saman duniya (Maris - Yuni). Ba su da tsoron sanyi na ɗan lokaci, suna iya jin daɗin ɗan farin ciki koda da digiri 0.
Daidaitawa mai ban mamaki ga sanyi ba zai iya kasawa ga masanan kimiyya ba. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na musamman tare da waɗannan dabbobin, inda aka halicci yanayin wucin gadi tare da zafin jiki na digiri 35-40 ƙasa da sifili. Kuma sababbi basu mutu ba. Jiki na iya yin aiki koda a cikin yanayin dogon bacci ne (dakatarwar tashin hankali). Ana samun Salamanders ɗaya ɗaya kuma a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.
Siberian salamander ciyar
Abinci na asali salamanders ya kunshi tsutsotsi, larvae, molluscs da kowane irin kwari da za'a iya kamawa. A wurare masu damshi inda sabo yake yawan rayuwa, akwai wadataccen abinci, saboda haka bashi da inda zai yi sauri kuma baya sauri. Ba kwaya ko tsutsotsi da za su iya yin alfahari da saurin motsi, kuma saboda wannan, sallamar bai canza “tafiya” ba tsawon ƙarni da yawa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Da zarar masu salamanders sun fito daga bacci, nan da nan zasu fara aikin haifuwa. Na farko, wasannin mating suna farawa, ko kuma a'a, "ayyukan nunawa". Namiji yana bukatar ya ja hankalin mace zuwa ga mutuminsa, don haka sai ya samo ɗanɗano, iska a kusa da shi ya fara murɗa jelarsa, yana nuna irin iyawa, gwaninta da kuma yadda yake shirye don ci gaba da yanayin.
Bayan haka, mace na lika wata irin jakar da kwai a jikin reshen, sai kuma namijin ya sanya hoda da spermatozoa a saman wannan jakar kwai. A waje, irin waɗannan jaka suna kama da igiya mai karkacewa ta karkace. Abin sha'awa, amma galibi yakan faru cewa jaka da ƙwai suna haɗuwa da mata da yawa lokaci guda, ma'ana, ana samun kiwo a ƙungiya.
Lokaci ya wuce, jakunkuna sun kumbura sun zama manya. A cikin irin wannan jaka za a iya samun ƙwai masu duhu 14, kuma 170 - haihuwar kowace mace ta mutum ce. Ci gaban zuriyar da ke zuwa kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin zafin ruwan.
Da dumi ruwa, da sauri tsutsi zai samu. Tare da yanayin ruwa mai kyau, tsutsa ta farko zata iya ƙyanƙyashe bayan makonni 2. Koyaya, wannan ba safai yake faruwa ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, dukkanin matakin daga asalin rayuwa zuwa fitowar tsutsa na daukar watanni 2-3.
Tsutsa ya dace sosai da rayuwar ruwa. Suna da kwazazzabon fuka-fukan fuka-fukai masu kyau, don yin iyo akwai ragowar ninkaya kuma harma akwai fin tsakanin yatsun hannu, kwatankwacin ƙaramin oar. Amma tare da ci gaba da tsutsa, waɗannan haɓakawa sun ɓace.
Ga mai lura da ƙwarewa, tsutsa salamanders zai zama kamar yayi kama da tadpole, amma shugaban wanda zai zo nan gaba ya fi shi kankanta, kuma bai cika zagaye ba, kamar na tadpole, jiki ya fi tsayi kuma babu irin wannan sauyawar kwatsam daga kai zuwa jiki kamar yadda yake a rana mai zuwa.
Kuma halayyar sabuwar tsutsa ta bambanta - a wata 'yar hatsari, tana boyewa, tana gudu zuwa kasa. Tsutsa tana da hankali. Yayin da tadpoles ke iya yin iyo kawai kwatsam don ɗan gajeren nesa zuwa gefe.
Larvae suna cikin ruwa koyaushe, don haka ba su cikin haɗarin zafin rana; idan akwai zafin rana mai ƙarfi, za su iya nitsewa ƙasa kaɗan. Ayyukansu kuma yana da alaƙa da wannan - tsutsa ba sa ɓoyewa da rana kuma suna da fara'a a kowane lokaci na rana, duk da haka, sun fi son hutawa da dare. Don yin wannan, sun nitse zuwa ƙasa kuma suna daskarewa.
Ci gaban sabbin abubuwa na gaba suna faruwa a cikin watan. Bayan haka, samari sababbi suna zuwa ƙasa. Wannan yana faruwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin watan Agusta. Matasa salamar fara farauta kai tsaye a doron kasa, kuma yana tafiyar da rayuwar al'ada ta sabon mutum, in banda balaga daya, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun kai shekaru uku kacal. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa sababbin rayuwa suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 13.
