Waɗanda suka yi karatu da kyau a makaranta suna iya tuna abin da ke cikin wahalar koyo daga Maxim Gorky's Song of Petrel. Amma saboda wannan aikin da ba ya lalacewa sai mutane da yawa suka sami ra'ayin wannan tsuntsu mai alfahari. Kodayake a cikin manja, wanda akwai nau'ikan 66, akwai wanda bai dace da wannan bayanin ba, kuma duk saboda sunan batanci - wauta kai.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Sunan barkwancinka wanda ba a bayyana shi ba tsuntsayen fulmar ta samu ne sakamakon halayenta: sam ba ta tsoron mutane. Sau da yawa a cikin bahar, masu cika jirgi suna raka jiragen ruwa, wani lokacin suna wucewa, sannan suna baya don su huta akan ruwa. A cikin ƙasashe masu jin Ingilishi ana kiran irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu bin jirgi (suna bin jirgi). Sabanin haka seagulls, fulmars kar ku huta a cikin jirgin saboda wahalar tashi daga gare su daga tsaka mai wuya.
Akwai nau'ikan cikawa guda biyu, daban kawai a mazauninsu. Cikakken fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) suna gama gari a cikin ruwan arewacin tekun Atlantika da Pacific, yayin da azurfa ko Antarctic fulmars (Fulmarus glacialoides) ke zaune a gabar tekun Antarctica da tsibirai mafi kusa da ita.
Fulmars iri biyu ne: haske da duhu. A cikin sigar haske, saman jikin, wuya da ciki fari ne, kuma fikafikan, baya da jela toka ne. Dark fulmars masu launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne, a hankali duhu a ƙarshen fukafukan. A cikin bayyanar, yara da kyar sun bambanta da kwalliyar herring; galibi suna rikicewa a cikin gudu.
Kamar dukkan dabbobi masu hancin bututu, hancin hancin su manyan bututu ne masu tsananin jin daɗi wanda tsuntsayen ke fitar da gishiri mai yawa a jiki, kasancewar hakan halayyar dukkan tsuntsayen teku ne. Bakin bakinsa ya fi kauri da gajere, galibi launin rawaya ne. Legsafafun gajere ne, tare da membran a kan ƙafafun, kuma suna iya zama rawaya-zaitun ko shuɗi mai launi.
Kan yana da matsakaiciyar girma kuma da ɗan girma a cikin sifa. Idan aka kwatantashi, komai da ruwan teku daya, jikin fulmin yafi danshi yawa. Tsawon fikafikan zai iya kaiwa mita 1.2, tare da tsuntsu tsayin 43-50 cm da nauyin 600-800 g.
Jirgin fulmar ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar motsi mai sassauci, doguwar tashi da wasu fuka-fukai da ba safai ba. Fulmars galibi suna tashi daga ruwa, kuma hangen nesa yana tuno da wani jirgin sama wanda ke hanzari akan titin jirgin sannan kuma yana samun tsayi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mutumin Wawa shine mafi yawan tsuntsaye masu kiwo a cikin teku, ya bambanta da wasu irin nasa ta hanyar wauta da rashin kulawa game da mutum. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna aiki a kowane lokaci na rana, galibi suna zama a cikin teku, ko dai suna cikin gudu ko kuma a cikin ruwa don neman abinci.
A cikin nutsuwa, fulmars suna son tashi sama sama da saman, kusan suna taɓa fuskar ruwa da fikafikansu. A lokacin nest fulmars rayuwa a bakin tekun, zauna a cikin duwatsu a cikin yankuna da yawa, galibi a gefuna da gull da guillemots.
Tsuntsaye suna ciyarwa
Me tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura daga teku za su iya ci? Tabbas, kifi, squid, krill da ƙananan kifin kifin. A wani lokaci, wawa ba ya jinkirin ɗaukar gawa. Yawancin garken wadannan tsuntsayen suna bin jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi, suna ciyarwa a kan tarkon masunta. Wawa yana shawagi sosai a cikin ruwa, kamar bahar teku. A ganin ganima, baya nitsewa, amma kaɗan ya dulmiya kansa a cikin ruwa, ya kama kifi ko ɓawon burodi da saurin walƙiya.
Kiwo da tsawon rayuwar fulmar
Wawaye sun banbanta da auren su daya, da zarar an kirkiro ma'aurata ba zai rabu shekaru da yawa ba. Don jan hankalin wanda aka zaba, fulmar namiji da ke tsaye a kan ruwa, yakan fuka fuka-fukansa kuma ya yi kwalliya da ƙarfi, tare da buɗe baki.
Alamar yarjejeniya ita ce nutsuwa mai ratsa jiki don amsawa da gusar bakin halayyar mutum. Don ginin gida, fulmars sun zaɓi keɓaɓɓe, ba ƙarancin iska ko ramuka masu zurfi a kan duwatsu ba, waɗanda ƙananan bishiyoyi suka mamaye su. Bushewar ciyawa tayi hidimar kwanciya.
Wawaye suna haifar da ma'aurata masu aure
A farkon watan Mayu, cikakkiyar mace tana yin guda daya, amma babban kwai, fari, wani lokacin takan yi ruwan kasa-kasa. Duk iyayen biyu sun ba da dukiyar su bi da bi, suna kan gida har zuwa kwanaki 9, yayin da na biyu wawa ci a cikin teku tsakanin radius har zuwa kilomita 40 daga mulkin mallaka.
Idan damuwa arewa fulmar yayin gida, yakan saki kwararar ƙanshi mai ƙanshi ga abokan gaba, ta haka yana hana ƙarin sani. Wannan sinadarin tayi, wanda fulmars ya tofa albarkacin bakin sa, ya fado kan gashin fuka-fukan wani tsuntsu, yayi tauri har ma yana iya kaiwa ga mutuwa. Su fulmars da kansu zasu iya tsabtace labulen da sauri kuma basa shan wahala daga wannan.
A cikin hoton, gida ne na tsuntsayen fulmar
Ana amfani da ruwa mai ƙanƙani da man ƙwal ba kawai don dalilai na kariya ba, mai wadataccen ƙwayoyin mai mai ƙanshi, yana da mahimmanci ga tsuntsaye yayin dogon jirage da yayin ciyar da ƙananan ƙarnuka. An haifi kajin da aka daɗe ana jira bayan kwanaki 50-55 na shiryawa. Jikinta an lulluɓe da farin launin toka-fari ƙasa.
Domin kwanaki 12-15 masu zuwa, mahaifi daya yakan kasance tare da kajin, dumama da kare shi. Sannan karamin wawan yaron ya kasance shi kadai, kuma iyayensa suna ta tafiya ba tare da gajiyawa ba a kan teku don neman abinci ga ɗansu mai saurin girma.
Fulmars galibi frigates ne ke kawo musu hari, wanda kuma yake ciyar da zuriya a wannan lokacin. Suna afkawa fulmars kuma suna kwashe ganima da nufin su kawai kajinsu.
A cikin hoton, ɗan wauta ne
Wani saurayi fulmar yayi kokarin tashi sama yana da shekaru 6, amma baya saurin balaga da sauri - bayan shekaru 9-12. Wadannan tsuntsayen teku suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci - har zuwa shekaru 50. Kallo hoto na fulmarstashin hankali a cikin ruwan duhu na Arctic, sai ka fahimci cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen talakawa masu suna mai ban dariya suna cikin ɓangarorin waɗannan mawuyacin sararin samaniya na arewa.
