Zai yiwu kalmar "Red Book" sananne ne ga yawancin mutane. Wannan ɗayan manyan littattafai ne wanda zaku iya koya game da dabbobi masu haɗari.
Abun takaici, akwai kadan daga cikinsu, kuma basa kara girma. Masu aikin sa kai, masu aikin gidan zoo, masanan dabbobi suna kokarin tseratar da dabbobi daga hallaka gaba daya, amma komai na iya lalacewa ta hanyar jahilcin banki na mazaunan.
Misali, macizai da kuma rashin tsoronsu. Tabbas, ba dukkansu bane suke yin barazana ga mutane, amma rashin sani na yawancinsu (lalata dabbobi masu rarrafe) suna taka rawa mara kyau a ƙoƙarin kiyaye adadin dabbobi masu rarrafe. Abin da ya sa ke da muhimmanci a sani - wanne macizai aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja.
Western boa constrictor (Eryx jaculus). Yana girma har zuwa cm 87. Yana da daskarewa mai girma da gajeren jela mai kaifin baki. Abincin shine mamaye kadangaru, zagaye-zagaye, beraye, manyan kwari. Akwai ƙananan ƙafafun kafa na baya. Ana iya samun sa a yankin Balkan Peninsula, Kalmy Kalmykia, Gabashin Turkiyya.
A cikin hoton akwai macijin boawa na yamma
Macijin Japan (Euprepiophis ploticillata). Zai iya kaiwa 80 cm, wanda kusan santimita 16 ya faɗi a kan wutsiya.Yana da ɗalibi zagaye. Abincin shine cin abincin beraye, kananan tsuntsaye da kwayayen su. Tana zaune a yankin Kuril Nature Reserve (Tsibirin Kunashir), haka kuma a Japan a cikin yankunan Hokkaido da Honshu. Kadan aka karanta.
Hoton macijin Japan ne
Macijin Aesculapian (Zamenis longissimus) ko macijin Aesculapian. Matsakaicin tsayin da aka yi rikodin shi ne 2.3 m maciji da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja, na iya zama launin toka-cream, tan ko zaitun mai datti.
An san nau'in ne don haihuwar albinos a kai a kai. Abincin ya hada da kajin, beraye, shrews, kananan tsuntsaye da kwai. Tsarin narkewa na iya ɗaukar kwanaki hudu. Yana zaune a yankin: Georgia, yankunan kudancin Moldova, Krasnodar Territory zuwa Adygea, Azerbaijan.
A kan hoton macizan Aesculapius
Macijin Transcaucasian (Zamenis hohenackeri). Yana girma har zuwa cm 95. palibin yana zagaye. Yana ciyarwa kamar boas, matse kajin ko kadangaru tare da zobe. Bugu da kari, yana hawa bishiyoyi da yardar rai. Samun damar yin kama yana zuwa bayan shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Yana zaune yankin Chechnya, Armenia, Georgia, North Ossetia, arewacin Iran da Asia Minor.
Macijin maciji
Macijin hawan bakin ciki (Orthriophis taeniurus). Wani nau'in riga mai siffa mara dafi Red Book macizai... Ya kai cm 195. Ya fi son beraye da tsuntsaye. Akwai nau'ikan macizai da yawa, ɗayansu, saboda yanayin zaman lafiya da kyawawan launuka, galibi ana iya samunsu a cikin keɓaɓɓun filaye. Yana zaune a yankin Primorsky Krai. Ana samunsa akai-akai a Koriya, Japan, China.
A cikin hoton, macijin mai siririyar hawawa
Taguwar da aka tube (Hierophis spinalis). A tsawon zai iya kaiwa cm 86. Yana ciyar da kadangaru. Ya yi kama da maciji mai dafi da ke zaune a yanki ɗaya. Bambancin mahimmanci shine cewa macijin mara lahani yana da haske wanda yake gudana daga saman kai zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya. Yana zaune a yankin kudancin Kazakhstan, Mongolia da China. An bayyana al'amuran tarurruka kusa da Khabarovsk.
A cikin hoton maciji ne mai taguwar ruwa
Red-bel dinodon (Dinodon rufozonatum). Matsakaicin tsayin da aka rubuta shi ne cm 170. Yana ciyar da wasu macizai, tsuntsaye, kadangaru, kwaɗi, da kifi. Wannan agile kyakkyawa macijin littafin Red Book na Rasha yana zaune a yankin Koriya, Laos, gabashin China, tsibirin Tsushima da Taiwan. An fara kama shi a yankin ƙasarmu a cikin 1989. Kadan aka karanta.
A cikin hoton akwai jan-dynodon maciji
Gabon dynodon (Dinodon orientale). Ya kai mita daya. Tana ciyar da beraye, kadangaru, kajin da daddare. Tana zaune ne a Japan, inda ake kiranta maciji mai ruɗu saboda tsoronsa da kuma rayuwar dare. Kasancewa a yankin ƙasar Rasha (Tsibirin Shikotan) abin tambaya ne - an bayyana taron tun da daɗewa. Mai yiwuwa ne wannan macijin ya riga ya kasance daga jinsunan da suka mutu.
Hoton gabas dynodon
Macijin cat (Telescopus fallax). Zai iya zama tsawon mita ɗaya. Yana ciyar da beraye, tsuntsaye, kadangaru. Tana zaune a yankin Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, inda aka fi saninta da macijin gida. Hakanan an samo shi a Siriya, Bosniya da Herzegovina, Isra'ila, a yankin Balkan.
Macijin kyanwar yana iya hawa dutsen da duwatsu, bishiyoyi, dazuzzuka da bango. Tana manne da lankwasawar jikinta don rashin dacewar rashin daidaito, don haka, tana riƙe da ɓangarorin da suka hau, wataƙila anan ne sunanta ya bayyana.
Hoton macijin cat ne
Macijin Dinnik (Vipera dinniki). Hadari ga mutane. Ya kai cm 55. Launi launin ruwan kasa ne, lemun zaki rawaya, orange mai haske, launin toka-kore, mai launin ruwan kasa ko zigzag mai launin ruwan kasa.
Jinsin yana da ban sha'awa don kasancewar cikakken melanists, waɗanda aka haife su da launi na yau da kullun, kuma sun zama baƙi mai laushi ne kawai a shekara ta uku. Yana ciyarwa akan kananan beraye da kadangaru. Yana zaune a yankin Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, inda ake ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafiya guba.
A cikin hoton, dodann Dinnik
Macijin Kaznakov (Vipera kaznakovi) ko macijin Caucasian. Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun vipers a Rasha. Mata sun kai 60 cm a tsayi, maza - cm 48. A cikin abincin tsuntsaye, ƙananan beraye. Ana samun su a cikin Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, Georgia, Turkey.
Viper Kaznakova (Maciji na Caucasian)
Nikolsky ta viper (Vipera nikolskii), Forest-steppe ko Black viper. Zai iya isa zuwa 78 cm a tsayi. Abincin ya kunshi kwadi, kadangaru, wani lokacin kifi ko mushe. Yana zaune a cikin yankuna na gandun daji a duk ɓangaren Turai na Tarayyar Rasha. An bayyana tarurruka a yankin tsaunukan Urals na Tsakiya.
Nikolsky ta viper (Black viper)
Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina) ko gyurza. Yana da hatsarin gaske ga mutane. Akwai sanannun samfura masu matsakaicin tsayi na 2 m kuma nauyinsu yakai 3 kg. Launi ya dogara da mazaunin kuma yana yiwuwa a matsayin mai duhun monochromatic, da launin toka-mai-toka, tare da tsarin hadadden ƙananan alamu, wani lokaci tare da launin shuɗi.
Yana ciyar da tsuntsaye, beraye, macizai, kadangaru. A cikin abincin manya, akwai ƙananan zomo, ƙananan kunkuru.Yana zaune a yankunan: Isra’ila, Turkiyya, Afghanistan, Indiya, Pakistan, Siriya, Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Kusan an gama da shi a Kazakhstan. Saboda juriya da rashin fahimta, ya fi sau da yawa fiye da sauran nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a wuraren kiwon macizai don shayarwa. Guba ta musamman ta gyurza ta taimaka ƙirƙirar magani ga hemophilia.
A cikin hoton Levant viper (gyurza)
Sunaye da kwatancin macizai da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja na Rashaya cancanci karatu ba kawai a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu ba. Bayan haka, duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna da guba, sauran sun lalace ne kawai saboda suna kama da macizai.
