Idan aka kalli karkanda, yayin ziyartar gidan ajiyar dabbobi ko kallon fina-finai game da dabi'a, mutum zai yi mamakin yadda ba shi da iko a karkashin kofofin irin wannan "motar sulke" daga duniyar dabbobi.
Abin takaici karkanda mai ulu, wani katon gwarzo ya bazu ko'ina cikin Eurasia a lokacin ƙyalƙyali na ƙarshe, wanda zai iya yin tunani kawai. Kamar yadda yake game da mammoths, zane-zanen dutse da kwarangwal kawai, wanda aka ɗaure da permafrost, zai zama abin tunatarwa cewa sun taɓa rayuwa a Duniya.
Bayani da fasali na karkanda mai ulu
Whinly rhinoceros - wakilin da ya kare detachment na equids. Shi ne mai shayarwa na ƙarshe na dangin karkanda da aka samo a yankin Eurasia.
Dangane da bayanan shekaru masu yawa na manyan masana binciken burbushin halittu, rhino mai ulu bai gaza na takwaransa na zamani ba. Manyan samfuran sun kai mita 2 a bushe kuma tsawon su yakai mita 4. Wannan hulba ya motsa akan kafafun kafafu masu kauri da yatsu uku, nauyin karkanda ya kai tan 3.5.
Idan aka kwatanta da rhinoceros na kowa, torso na danginsa da ya mutu ya kasance mai tsayi kuma yana da ƙwayar tsoka a bayansa tare da wadataccen mai. Wannan dabba mai laushi jikin dabba ya cinye idan akwai yunwa kuma bai bar karkanda ta mutu ba.
Har ila yau, rawanin kan nape din ya taimaka don tallafawa ƙahoninsa masu girma waɗanda suka fadi daga bangarorin, wani lokacin yakan kai tsawon 130 cm. Horaramin ƙahon, wanda yake sama da babba, ba abin birgewa ba ne - har zuwa cm 50. Mata da maza duk na rhino na zamanin da suna da ƙaho.
Domin shekaru, samu horn na ulu mai ulu ba zai iya rarraba daidai ba. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Siberia, musamman Yukaghirs, sun ɗauke su a matsayin ƙusoshin manyan tsuntsaye, waɗanda akwai labarinsu da yawa. Mafarautan Arewa sun yi amfani da ɓangarorin ƙaho a cikin kera bakunansu, wannan ya ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Rhino na Woolly a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da Kwanyar karkanda mai ulu... A karshen tsakiyar zamanai, a yankin Klagenfurt (yankin Ostiriya ta zamani), mazauna yankin sun sami kokon kai, wanda suka yi kuskuren zama dodo. Na dogon lokaci, ana ajiye shi a hankali a zauren birni.
Ragowar, da aka gano a kusa da garin Quedlinburg na Jamus, galibi ana ɗaukarta ɓangaren kwarangwal na wani sanannen unicorn. Kallo hoto na karkanda mai ulu, mafi dacewa a kwanyarsa, da gaske ana iya yin kuskuren halitta mai ban mamaki daga tatsuniyoyi da almara. Ba mamaki farin karkanda mai ulu - halayyar shahararren wasan komputa, inda aka yaba masa da ƙwarewar da ba a taɓa yin irinta ba.
Tsarin muƙamuƙin Rhino na Ice Age yana da ban sha'awa sosai: ba shi da canines ko incisor. Babba hakora irinta ulu suna da rami a ciki, an lulluɓe su da labulen enamel, wanda ya fi ƙarfin haƙoron danginsa na yanzu. Saboda girman taban, wadannan hakoran suna goge busasshiyar ciyawa da rassan lokacin farin ciki.
A cikin hoton, haƙorin karkanda mai ulu
Gawarwakin daɗaɗɗun jikin karkanda mai ulu, an adana su cikin yanayin permafrost, suna ba da damar dawo da bayyanarta cikakkun bayanai.
Tun lokacin da yake wanzuwa a duniya ya faɗi ne a lokacin ƙarancin icing, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa lokacin farin fata na tsohuwar karkanda an lulluɓe shi da dogon ulu mai kauri. A launi da zane, gashinsa ya yi kama da na bison Turai, manyan launuka sun kasance launin ruwan kasa ne da fari.
Gashi a bayan wuya ya kasance mai tsayi da banƙyama, kuma an kawata ƙarshen jelar rabin rabin rhinoceros da buroshi na baƙin gashi. Masana sunyi imanin cewa karkanda mai ulu bata yin kiwo a garken garken dabbobi, amma sun gwammace su yi rayuwa ta gari.
Hoton ya nuna ragowar karkanda mai ulu
Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3-4, mace da karkanda na saurayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci don haihuwa. Ciki mace ta ɗauki kimanin watanni 18, a ƙa'ida, an haifi ɗiya ɗaya, wanda bai bar mahaifiyarsa ba har zuwa shekara biyu.
Lokacin nazarin hakoran dabba don lalacewa da kuma kwatanta su da haƙoran narkanda, an gano cewa matsakaiciyar rayuwar wannan ciyawar mai ƙarfi ta kasance kusan shekaru 40-45.
Woolly karkanda mazauninsu
Ana samun kasusuwa na karkanda mai ulu mai laushi a yankin Rasha, Mongolia, a Arewacin China da wasu ƙasashen Turai. Ana iya kiran Arewacin Rasha da gaskiya ƙasar mahaifar karkanda, saboda yawancin ragowar an same su a wurin. Daga wannan, mutum na iya yin hukunci game da mazaunin sa.
Tundra steppe gida ne na wakilan "mammoth" fauna, gami da karkanda mai ulu. Waɗannan dabbobin sun gwammace su kasance kusa da jikin ruwa, inda ciyayi suka fi yawa fiye da a cikin sararin dajin-steppe.
Ciyar da karkanda mai ulu
Tare da fitowar sa mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa Girman karkanda da ulu ya kasance mai yawan cin ganyayyaki. A lokacin rani, abincin wannan sinadarin ya ƙunshi ciyawa da ƙananan harbe na shrubs, a lokacin hunturu mai sanyi - daga itacen itacen, Willow, bishiyoyi da alder.
Da farkon yanayin sanyin da ba makawa, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe ƙarancin ciyayi, dole ne karkanda ta tono abinci tare da taimakon ƙaho. Yanayi ya kula da jarumi mai cin ganye - bayan lokaci, maye gurbi ya gudana a cikin kamanninsa: saboda alaƙar yau da kullun da gogayya a kan ɓawon burodin, ƙwarjin hancin dabbar ya zama ɓarke yayin rayuwarsa.
Me yasa karkanda irinta ta bace?
Endarshen karkanda na Pleistocene, mai jin daɗin rayuwa, ya zama mummunan ga wakilan da yawa na Masarautar Dabbobi. Ruwan zafin da babu makawa ya tilastawa dusar kankara komawa baya da nisa arewa, ta bar filayen karkashin dokar dusar da ba za ta iya wucewa ba.
Samun wahalar neman abinci a ƙarƙashin bargon mai zurfin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a tsakanin karkanda masu ulu da ulu akwai rigingimu saboda neman kiwo a wuraren kiwo mai fa'ida. A cikin irin wannan yaƙe-yaƙe, dabbobi sun yi wa juna rauni, galibi raunuka masu rauni.
Tare da canjin yanayi, yanayin da ke kewaye da shi ma ya canza: a maimakon makiyaya mai ambaliyar ruwa da matattakala mara iyaka, gandun dajin da ba za a iya shiga ba sun girma, kwata-kwata ba su dace da rayuwar karkanda ba. Ragowar wadatar abinci ya haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin su, mafarautan zamanin farko sunyi aikin.
Akwai ingantaccen bayani game da cewa farautar rhinoceroses na ulu da aka yi ba kawai don nama da fatu ba, har ma don dalilai na al'ada. Ko a wannan lokacin ma, ɗan adam bai nuna kansa daga mafi kyawun ɓangaren ba, yana kashe dabbobi kawai saboda ƙaho, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin tsafi tsakanin yawancin kogo kuma da alama suna da abubuwan al'ajabi.
Rayuwar dabbar kadaici, rashin haihuwa ('ya'ya 1-2 a cikin shekaru da yawa), raguwar yankunan da suka dace da rayuwa ta yau da kullun, da kuma wani abin takaici wanda ya haifar da rage yawan karkanda da ulu.
Karshe karkanda mai ulu ta kare game da shekaru 9-14 shekaru dubu da suka wuce, bayan sun rasa yaƙin rashin daidaito tare da Mahaifiyar Motherabi'a, kamar sauran mutane da yawa kafinsa da bayansa.
