Koren Euglena yana nufin mafi sauki kwayoyin, kunshi kwayar halitta daya. Na daga ajin flagelite na irin kwarin sarcoccus. Ra'ayoyin masana kimiyyar da masarautar wannan kwayar halitta ta kasu kashi biyu. Wadansu sunyi imanin cewa wannan dabba ce, yayin da wasu ke danganta euglena ga algae, ma'ana, ga tsirrai.
Me ya sa koren kore yake? ya kira shi kore? Abu ne mai sauƙi: Euglena ya sami sunansa don fitowar sa mai ban mamaki. Kamar yadda kuke tsammani a yanzu, wannan kwayar halitta launi ce mai haske mai haske saboda chlorophyll.
Fasali, tsari da wurin zama
Euglena kore, gini wanda yake da wahalar gaske ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana rarrabe shi ta jiki mai tsayi da kuma kaifi rabin baya. Girman mafi sauki shine karami: tsawon mai sauki bai wuce micrometers 60 ba, kuma fadin ba safai ya kai alamar 18 ko sama da haka ba.
Sabili da haka, ana iya ganin sa ta ƙarƙashin microscope kawai, wanda yake a cikin shagon Micromed S-11. Mafi sauki yana da jiki mai motsi wanda zai iya canza fasalinsa. Idan ya cancanta, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin kwangila ko, akasin haka, faɗaɗa.
A sama, an rufe ladaran da abin da ake kira pellicle, wanda ke kare jiki daga tasirin waje. A gaban microorganism akwai yawon shakatawa wanda ke taimaka masa motsawa, da kuma tabo na ido.
Ba duk euglen bane ke amfani da kundin shakatawa don motsi. Yawancinsu suna kwangila don ci gaba. Filatin sunadaran da ke karkashin harsashin jiki suna taimakawa jiki yin kwangila don haka motsawa.
Koren launi ana ba shi jiki ta hanyar chromatophores, waɗanda ke shiga cikin aikin hotuna, suna samar da carbohydrates. Wani lokaci, lokacin da chromatophores suka samar da adadi mai yawa na carbohydrates, jikin euglena na iya zama fari.
Takalman Infusoria da koren euglena galibi idan aka kwatanta su a cikin da'irar kimiyya, duk da haka, ba su da kusan ɗaya. Misali, euglena yana cin abinci ne ta atomatik da motsa jiki, takalmin silili ya fi son nau'in abinci mai gina jiki kawai.
Mafi sauƙin rayuwa galibi cikin gurɓatattun ruwa (alal misali, fadama). Wani lokaci ana iya samun sa a cikin tafkuna masu tsabta tare da ruwan sabo ko ruwan gishiri. Euglena kore, infusoria, amoeba - duk wadannan kwayoyin zasu iya samun su a ko ina a duniya.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar koren euglena
Euglena koyaushe tana ƙoƙari don motsawa zuwa wurare mafi haske na tafki. Don tantance tushen haske, tana kiyaye "ɓoyayyiyar hanya" ta musamman a cikin kayan ajiyarta, wanda yake kusa da pharynx. Ido yana da matukar damuwa da haske kuma yana yin tasiri ga ƙananan canje-canje a ciki.
Hanyar yin ƙoƙari don haske ana kiranta tabbataccen phototaxis. Don aiwatar da aikin osmoregulation, euglena yana da kwangila na musamman na musamman.
Godiya ga kwantiragin kwanciya, tana kawar da duk abubuwan da basu dace ba a jikinta, ko ruwa mai yawa ko tarin abubuwa masu cutarwa. Ana kiran vacuole mai rikitarwa saboda yayin sakin shara ya ragu sosai, taimakawa da saurin aiwatarwa.
Kamar sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, euglena yana da cibiya daya haploid, ma'ana, yana da tsarin chromosomes daya kawai. Baya ga chloroplasts, cytoplasm ɗinsa kuma yana ƙunshe da matakan, furotin na ajiye.
Baya ga gabobin da aka lissafa, protozoan yana da cibiya da hada sinadarai masu gina jiki idan kwayar cutar ta kasance ba tare da abinci ba na wani lokaci. Mafi sauƙin numfashi, yana shan iskar oxygen cikin ilahirin jikinsa.
Mafi sauƙin yana iya daidaitawa da kowane, har ma da mahimmancin yanayin muhalli. Idan ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya fara daskarewa, ko kuma madatsar ruwan ta kafe kawai, kwayoyin cutar zasu daina ciyarwa da motsawa, euglena koren siffar yana ɗaukar hoto mai zagaye, kuma jikin yana lulluɓe a cikin harsashi na musamman wanda ke kiyaye shi daga lahanin cutarwa na mahalli, yayin da tambarin mafi sauki ya ɓace.
A cikin yanayin "mafitsara" (wannan shine yadda ake kiran wannan lokacin a cikin protozoa), euglena na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsayi har sai yanayin waje ya daidaita kuma ya zama mafi dacewa.
Euglena koren abinci
Fasali na koren euglena sanya jiki duka biyu auto- da heterotrophic. Tana cin duk abin da zata iya, don haka euglena kore yana nufin duka ga algae da dabbobi.
Muhawara tsakanin masana ilimin tsirrai da masu nazarin dabbobi bai taɓa cimma matsaya mai ma'ana ba. Na farko ya dauke shi dabba ne kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin karamin nau'ikan masu kama-da-sarco, yayin da masana ilimin tsirrai ke sanya shi a matsayin tsiro.
A cikin haske, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna karɓar abinci mai gina jiki tare da taimakon chromatoform, watau photosynthesizes su yayin da hali kamar shuka. Mafi sauki tare da ido koyaushe yana kan neman hanyar haske mai haske. Haske mai haske ana canza mata abinci ta hanyar hotuna. Tabbas, euglena koyaushe yana da ƙaramin wadata, kamar paramilon da leucosine.
Tare da rashin haske, ana tilasta mafi sauƙi canza zuwa wata hanyar ciyarwa. Tabbas, hanya ta farko tafi dacewa da microorganism. Protozoa da suka daɗe a cikin duhu, saboda abin da suka rasa chlorophyll, suna canzawa zuwa madadin tushen abubuwan gina jiki.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa chlorophyll ya ɓace gaba ɗaya, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun rasa koren launinsa mai haske kuma ya zama fari. Tare da nau'ikan abinci mai gina jiki, protozoan yana sarrafa abinci ta amfani da kayan maye.
Mafi datti a tafki, gwargwadon abincin da ake da shi, shi ya sa euglena suka fi son datti, fadamu da kududdufai da ba a kulawa da su. Euglena kore, abinci wanda yayi kama da abinci mai gina jiki na amoebas, wanda yafi wadannan kwayoyin halittar sauki.
Akwai euglens, waɗanda, a ƙa'ida, ba su da alamun hoto kuma daga asalinsu suna cin abinci ne kawai kan abinci na asali.
Wannan hanyar samun abinci har ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban wata irin baki don shayar da kwayoyin abinci. Masana kimiyya sunyi bayanin hanyar samun abinci ta hanya biyu cewa duk tsirrai da dabbobi asalinsu daya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Sake bugun koren euglena yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi. A cikin karamin lokaci, ruwa mai kyau na tafki na iya juya launin kore mara kyau saboda rabewar wadannan hanyoyin.
Ana ɗaukar dusar ƙanƙara da jini mai cike da jini ana ɗaukar su dangi na kusa da wannan yarjejeniya. Lokacin da waɗannan orananan kwayoyin suka ninka, za'a iya lura da al'amuran ban mamaki.
Don haka, a cikin ƙarni na huɗu, Aristotle ya bayyana dusar ƙanƙara mai “jini” mai ban mamaki, wanda, duk da haka, ya bayyana ne saboda rabewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu. Ana iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara mai launi a yankuna da yawa na arewacin Rasha, misali, a cikin Urals, Kamchatka, ko wasu tsibirin Arctic.
Euglena wata halitta ce mai ban sha'awa kuma tana iya rayuwa koda cikin mawuyacin yanayi na kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin da wadannan kananan halittu suka ninka, dusar kankara takan dauki kalar cytoplasm din su. Snow a zahiri "ya yi fure" tare da ja har ma da tabo baƙi.
Sauƙaƙe sauƙaƙe kawai ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Kwayar mahaifiya ta kasu kashi-kashi. Da farko, tsakiya yana aiwatar da tsarin rarrabawa, sannan sauran kwayoyin. Wani nau'in furrow yana samuwa tare da jikin kwayar halitta, wanda a hankali yake raba kwayar halittar mahaifiya zuwa diya mata biyu.
A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, maimakon rarrabuwa, ana iya kiyaye tsarin samuwar kumburi. A wannan yanayin amoeba da koren kore ma suna kama da juna.
Kamar amoebas, an lulluɓe su da harsashi na musamman kuma sun shiga wani irin yanayi. A cikin sifofin cysts, ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙwayoyin tare da ƙura kuma idan suka dawo cikin yanayin ruwa sai su farka kuma su fara ninkawa sosai.
