Da yawa daga cikinmu ba mu son amphibians - macizai, toads, frogs. Amma a cikin su akwai kyawawan halittu, masu haske, halittu na ban mamaki. Gaskiya ne, a matsayinsu na ƙa'ida, suna da haɗari sosai. Daga cikinsu, wakilin dangin amphibian sananne ga mutane da yawa - kwado itace, ko, a sauƙaƙe, kwado itace.
Bayyanar kwado
Kwarin bishiyoyi na dangi ne na amphibians marasa wutsiya, kuma sun haɗa da nau'ikan ƙwarran itace sama da 800. Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan kwadin da sauran shine kasancewar masu shayarwa na musamman akan ƙafafunsu, godiya ga abin da suke iya motsawa a tsaye.
Irin waɗannan kofunan tsotsa a yatsun suna sanye take da ƙarin tsokoki wanda ke sanyaya su kuma ya basu damar jujjuyawa kusa da matattarar. Baya ga wadannan velcro, akwai kuma wurare masu danko a fatar ciki da maqogwaro.
Bambanci na biyu tsakanin kwadin bishiyar shine cewa yawancin jinsuna suna da launi mai haske, ana iya ganin wannan a hoto. Yawan koren neon, launin rawaya mai haske, koren-lemu, launuka ja suna ba da alamar wannan amphibian, suna masu gargaɗin waɗanda suke son cin abinci tare da ita cewa wannan abincin abincin na ƙarshe ne na ƙarshe ba kawai a cikin rayuwar kwadi ba, saboda yawanci suna da guba sosai.
Kwarin bishiyoyi galibi suna da launi mai haske
Amma, akwai wasu nau'ikan da ba'a iya fitarwa ba - launin toka ko ruwan kasa, misali, ƙwarin itacen american... Kuma ƙwarƙwarar bishiyar squirrel na iya ma canza launi, daidaitawa zuwa duniyar kewaye.
Girman waɗannan amphibians ya dogara da nau'in, kuma mafi yawansu ba su wuce 14 cm kawai ba. A matsakaita, girman su kawai 2-4 cm ne, kuma kwaɗuwar bishiyar dwarf gabaɗaya kadan fiye da santimita.
Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda babban nauyin kwadon treetop ba zai iya jure wa siraran rassa da ganyen bishiyoyi ba. Maza sun fi mata ƙanƙanta, amma suna da jakar fata a ƙarƙashin wuyansu, wanda za su iya kumbura da kyau su kuma yi musu amo.
Idanun kwayayen itace yawanci suna fitowa daga kai, suna samar da hangen nesa. Arealiban sau da yawa a tsaye suke. Harshen yana da tsayi kuma mai sanko, yana da matukar dacewa da farautar kwari.
Na dabam, ya kamata a ce game da bishiyar frog dafi - ba komai ne yake tsorata mutum ba. Wasu gabaɗaya suna ɓoye kansu kamar masu haɗari. Don samun guba, kuna buƙatar barin guba ta shiga jiki.
Shafar hannu na iya zama mara daɗi da zafi, amma ba kisa. An yi amannar cewa daɗaɗɗen halaye ba shi ne ingancin kwado ba. Nazarin ya nuna cewa guba tana tsinkaye ne daga kwari, wadanda ke dauke a cikin allurai kadan.
Mazaunin itace
Kwarwar bishiyoyi suna zaune a cikin yanki mai yanayin yanayi na Turai da Asiya. Netherlands, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Moldova da Ukraine - wannan shi ne mazauninsu. A cikin kasarmu suna zaune a tsakiyar yankin.
Hoton kwadi ne na itacen Amurka
Yawancin jinsuna suna zaune a Koriya da China, Tunisia, tsibirin Japan da arewa maso yammacin Afirka. Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, Turkiya, Ostiraliya, tsibirin Karibiyan duk suna nan ga waɗannan amphibians ɗin.
Bayan lokaci, suka zauna a New Caledonia, New Zealand. An sami jan kwado itace a cikin dazuzzukan Panama da Costa Rica. A taƙaice, waɗannan amphibians suna rayuwa ko'ina banda Antarctica.
Kwayoyin kwadi suna son zama a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, daɗaɗɗun gandun daji. Yankin gabar ruwa, fadama, manyan ramuka masu ruwa kuma sun dace dasu. Suna rayuwa ne a cikin bishiyoyi da kuma cikin dajin, da kuma wasu nau'ikan a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna. Wannan nau'in na amphibians suna zaɓar daushin zafi da danshi na rayuwa, inda akwai kwari da yawa.
Tsarin itace rana
Kwarin bishiyoyi rana da maraice. Kwadago masu jinin-sanyi ne, kuma zafin jikinsu ya dogara da yanayin. Saboda haka, basa tsoron ko sanyi ko zafi.
Kwarin itace tare da kumburin makogwaro
Lokacin da yanayin zafin iska ya zama mara nauyi ƙwarai, waɗannan amphibians suna faɗuwa cikin rayar da aka dakatar, suna burrow a cikin ƙasa. Itacen kwaɗi kuma suna rayuwa a cikin hamada mai zafi, kuma suna iya yin ruwa ba tare da shekaru ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne yadda waɗannan halittu suka rayu tsawon shekaru miliyan 200.
Cusarfin guba mai daɗaɗɗuwa a fatar waɗannan ƙwayoyin yana kiyaye su daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan, fitowar ruwa akan fata a lokacin haɗari. Kamar yadda aka saba, halittu masu guba na iya zama duka fa'ida da waraka.
Don haka daga itacen kwado mai suna shirya magunguna don ciwon suga, hauhawar jini, daskarewar jini, don haɓaka rigakafi da ƙari mai yawa. Ko a cikin magani, ana amfani da mai daga ɓarwar ƙwarin bishiyar. A kan asalinta, ana yin kwayoyi don maganin bugun jini da ƙara libido.
Abincin rana
Tadpoles na bishiyar bishiyar yara suna ciyar da abincin shuke-shuke. Kuma manya suna da kwari. Duk wasu kwari da gizo-gizo masu rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin halittar suna dacewa da abinci.
Kuraye suna cin butterflies, tururuwa, kudaje, caterpillars, beetles, ciyawa. Don kama ganima, ana amfani da harshe mai tsayi kuma mai makale. Akwai masu cin naman mutane a cikin dangi - kwado bishiyar zinariya, maimakon kwari, yana cin nasa irin.
Hakanan ana ajiye kyawawan wakilan wakilai na amphibians a cikin akwatin ruwa na gida, inda suke ciyar da kwari masu rai tare da wweezers, kamar tsutsotsi, beetles na ƙasa, crickets da sauran ƙananan invertebrates.
Dole ne a cire ragowar abinci lokaci-lokaci daga terrarium, sanya ruwa mai tsafta a cikin mashayin da kuma wanka, sannan kuma cire ƙwarin da ke cutar da kwadi daga bangon.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Maza suna amfani da makaminsu na asiri don jan hankalin mata - waƙoƙi tare da jakar makogwaro. Jinsi daban-daban suna raira waƙa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, don haka ne kawai ‘’ amare ’’ masu amayar suka amsa.
Game da halayya a lokacin daddaɗawa, ya banbanta ga nau'ikan daban-daban. Wakilan da ke zaune a cikin bishiyoyi suna sauka zuwa ƙasa, inda suke kiran mace. Mafi sau da yawa, jima'i yana faruwa kai tsaye a cikin ruwa.
Kwarin bishiyar mata na saka ƙwai a cikin ruwa, sai namijin ya ba ta. Akwai jinsunan da ke haduwa a kasa, suna boye kwayayensu a cikin ganyayyun ganyayyaki ko ma su dauke su da kansu har sai tadodin sun kyankyashe.
Akwai kwai kusan dubu 2 a cikin kama ɗaya da ƙari. Sun yi girma ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban. Akwai "farkon narkar da" caviar, ya rikide ya zama larvae a cikin 'yan kwanaki, kuma akwai wanda ke buƙatar makonni biyu don girma.
Hoton hoto ne mai jan ido mai ja-ido
Larvae a hankali suna girma zuwa kwadi manya, kuma wannan yana faruwa ne tsakanin kwanaki 50-100. Sun balaga ne kawai da shekaru 2-3 da haihuwa. Daban-daban jinsuna suna rayuwa na tsawon lokaci. Akwai wadanda basa rayuwa fiye da shekaru uku, wasu kuma suna rayuwa shekaru 5-9. A cikin bauta, wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
