Ourasarmu mai faɗi gida ce da ke da nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da manya. Beraye suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittu, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna da Maran uwa Mongoliya – tarbagans.
Bayyanar Tarbagan
Wannan dabba ta kasance ta jinsin marmot. Jiki yana da nauyi, babba. Girman maza yana da kusan 60-63 cm, mata suna da ƙanana kaɗan - 55-58 cm. Mizanin kimanin kusan 5-7 kilogiram.
Kan yana matsakaici, kama da zomo a cikin sifa. Idanun manya ne, duhu ne, kuma hanci ne mai girman baki. Wuya gajere. Ido, ƙanshi da ji suna da kyau.
Paafafun gajere, jela doguwa ce, kusan sulusi na tsawon jiki duka a cikin wasu nau'in. Kafan kaifi da ƙarfi. Kamar kowane beraye, haƙoran gaban suna da tsayi.
Gashi tarbagana kyakkyawa, mai yashi ko launin ruwan kasa, mai haske a lokacin bazara fiye da na kaka. Launin siririn ne, amma mai kauri, na matsakaiciyar tsayi, sutturar laushi mai laushi ta fi duhu launi fiye da babban launi.
A kan yatsun kafa gashi gashi ja, a kai da kuma saman jela - baƙi. Kunnuwa masu zagaye, kamar fara, mai jan launi. A Talassky Jawo tarbagan ja tare da ɗigon haske a tarnaƙi. Wannan shine mafi kankantar jinsuna.
Mutane masu launi daban-daban suna rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban. Daga cikinsu akwai ash-toka, yashi-rawaya ko baƙi-ja. Dole ne dabbobi su zama masu dacewa da yanayin ƙasa don ɓoye wurin su daga abokan gaba.
Mazaunin Tarbagan
Tarbagan yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu tarko na Rasha, a cikin Transbaikalia da Tuva. Mahaifin bobak yana zaune a Kazakhstan da Trans-Urals. Gabas da tsakiyar yankin Kirgizistan, da kuma tsaunukan Altai, nau'in Altai ne suka zaɓa.
Yakutia iri-iri suna rayuwa ne a kudu da gabashin Yakutia, yamma da Transbaikalia da kuma yankin arewacin Gabas mai nisa. Wani nau'in, Fergana tarbagan, ya yadu a tsakiyar Asiya.
Tsaunin Tien Shan ya zama gida ga Talas tarbagan. Marmot mai baƙin duhu yana zaune a Kamchatka, wanda kuma ana kiransa tarbagan. Gandun daji masu tsayi, filayen steppe, daji-steppe, tuddai da rafin rafi wuri ne mai kyau da zasu zauna. Suna zaune a cikin mita dubu 0.6-3 sama da matakin teku.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Tarbagans suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna. Amma, kowane ɗayan iyali yana da hanyar sadarwa ta minks, wanda ya haɗa da ramin gida, lokacin “rani” na hunturu da na bazara, ɗakunan wanka da kuma hanyoyin da ke da mita da yawa waɗanda suke ƙarewa da yawa.
Sabili da haka, dabba mai sauri ba zata iya yin la'akari da kanta cikin amincin dangi ba - idan akwai wata barazana, koyaushe tana iya ɓoyewa. Burrow yawanci yakan kai zurfin mita 3-4, kuma tsawon hanyoyin yakai kimanin mita 30.
Zurfin burbarn na tarbagan shine mita 3-4, kuma tsawonsa kusan 30 m.
Iyali ƙaramin rukuni ne a cikin mulkin mallaka wanda ya ƙunshi iyaye da yara waɗanda ba su wuce shekaru 2 ba. Yanayin da ke cikin sulhun yana da abokantaka, amma idan baƙi sun shiga yankin, ana korarsu.
Lokacin da wadataccen abinci, mulkin mallaka kusan mutane 16-18 ne, amma idan yanayin rayuwa ya fi wahala, to ana iya rage yawan mutane zuwa mutane 2-3.
Dabbobin suna rayuwa ta yau da kullun, suna fitowa daga kabarinsu da misalin ƙarfe tara na safe, da kuma misalin shida na yamma. Yayin da dangin ke cikin aikin hakar rami ko ciyarwa, wani ya tsaya a kan tsauni kuma, idan akwai haɗari, zai gargaɗi duk gundumar da busa ƙaho.
Gabaɗaya, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kunya da taka tsantsan, kafin su bar burkin, za su duba ko'ina su ji ƙanshi na dogon lokaci har sai sun gamsu da amincin shirinsu.
Saurari muryar marmot tarbagan
Da zuwan kaka, a watan Satumba, dabbobin suna bacci, suna ɓoyewa cikin kaburburansu na tsawon watanni bakwai (a wurare masu dumi, rashin kwanciyar hankali ya yi ƙasa, a wuraren sanyi ya fi tsayi).
Suna rufe ƙofar rami da feces, ƙasa, ciyawa. Godiya ga layin ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara a sama da su, da kuma dumin nasu, 'yan tarbagan da ke matse juna suna kula da yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau.
Abinci
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da dabbobi suka fita daga ramin su, lokaci zai zo don noman rani da kuma mataki na gaba na haifuwa da ciyarwa. Bayan haka, tarbagans suna buƙatar samun lokaci don tara kitse kafin yanayin sanyi na gaba.
Wadannan dabbobin suna cin abinci a kan adadi mai yawa na ciyawa, shrubs, shuke-shuke. Galibi ba sa cin abincin amfanin gona, tunda ba sa zama a cikin gonakin. An ciyar da su tare da tsire-tsire iri iri iri, tushen, berries. Yawancin lokaci yakan ci yayin zaune, riƙe abinci tare da ƙafafunsa na gaba.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da har yanzu akwai ƙaramar ciyawa, 'yan tarbagans suna cin fitilun tsire-tsire da rhizomes ɗin su. A lokacin lokacin noman rani na furanni da ciyawa, dabbobi suna zaɓar harbe-harbe matasa, da kuma buds masu ɗauke da sunadaran da ake buƙata.
Berries da fruitsa fruitsan tsire-tsire ba su narkewa gaba ɗaya a jikin waɗannan dabbobin ba, amma suna fita waje, don haka suna yaɗuwa ta cikin filayen. Tarbagan na iya haɗiye har zuwa kilogiram 1.5 kowace rana. shuke-shuke.
Baya ga tsirrai, wasu kwari kuma suna shiga bakin - crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, snails, pupae. Dabbobi ba su zaɓi irin wannan abincin musamman ba, amma yana yin sulusin yawan abincin da ake ci a wasu ranaku.
Lokacin da aka tsare 'yan buhuna a cikin bauta, ana ciyar dasu da nama, wanda suke saurin sha. Tare da irin wannan abinci mai ci, dabbobi na samun kusan kilogram na mai a kowace kakar. Da kyar suke bukatar ruwa, kadan suke sha.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kimanin wata guda bayan hibern, tarbagans sun yi aure. Ana ɗaukar ciki na kwanaki 40-42. Yawancin lokaci yawan jarirai 4-6 ne, wani lokacin 8. Sabbin yara sabbin tsirara, makafi ne marasa taimako.
Sai bayan kwana 21 idanunsu zasu bude. A watan farko da rabi, jarirai suna shayar da madarar uwa, kuma suna samun girma da nauyi a kanta - har zuwa 35 cm da kilogiram 2.5.
A cikin hoton Tarbagan marmot tare da yara
Yayin da suka cika wata ɗaya, yaran a hankali suna barin burrow ɗin suna bincika farin haske. Kamar kowane ɗayansu, suna da wasa, son sani kuma masu ƙeta. Matasa sun fara samun nutsuwa ta farko a ramin mahaifa, kuma sai na gaba, ko ma shekara guda daga baya, zasu fara danginsu.
A dabi'a, 'yan tarbagans suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 10, a cikin kame zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Mutum yana godiya kitse na tarbagantare da kaddarorin masu amfani. Zasu iya magance tarin fuka, ƙonewa da sanyi, ƙarancin jini.
Saboda yawan buƙatun farko na mai, Jawo da naman waɗannan dabbobi, tarbagan yanzu an jera a ciki Littafin Ja Rasha kuma yana cikin littafin a ƙarƙashin matsayi na 1 (ana barazanar barazanar shi).
