Fasali da mazaunin tsuntsu tern
Terns dangi ne na gull, amma a wasu lokuta suna da ɗan girma kaɗan daga waɗannan tsuntsayen. Yawancin lokaci, girman tsuntsayen daga 20 zuwa 56 cm.
Jikin tsuntsaye siriri ne kuma mai tsayi, baya ya dan lankwashe; fikafikan suna da tsawo sosai; ana sa wutsiya tare da yanke mai zurfi. Kamar yadda aka gani akan hoto na tern, bayyanar tsuntsaye yana tattare da madaidaiciya, dogo mai kaifi da kananan kafafu, wadanda akansa akwai matattarar ninkaya. Launi haske ne, a kan kai akwai hular gashin baƙi; ciki fari ne; plumage din ya fadada daga goshi zuwa hancin hancin.
A duk duniya, daga Arctic zuwa Antarctica, nau'ikan tsirrai 36 sun yadu, kuma 12 daga cikinsu suna rayuwa ne a ƙasashe masu dumi, musamman a sararin samaniya. Black tern, wanda aka saba da shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, yana da girman kusan cm 25. Tsuntsun ya samo sunansa ne ga launin baƙar baki na bakin, da kuma launi iri ɗaya na kai, kirji da ciki yayin lokacin saduwa. Sashin babba na plumage launin toka ne.
A hoto, tsuntsu baƙar fata ne tern
Yana da launi mai ban sha'awa farar-fuka-fukai tern... Abu ne mai sauki a yi tsammani daga sunan cewa tsuntsu yana da fukafukai farare. Maimakon haka, kawai an fentin bayan fuka-fukin a cikin irin waɗannan sautunan, akwai madaidaicin haske a saman, kuma mai duhu a ƙasa. Koyaya, a lokacin hunturu, goshi da cikin tsuntsu sun zama fari.
Farin fuka-fukai tern a hoto
Arctic terns, wanda kuma ake kira polar, kusan sun zama farare masu launi, ban da hular baƙa a kan kai, kazalika da gashin fuskoki masu launin toka a kirji da fuka-fuki, waɗanda a waje suke kama da alkyabba. Wannan nau'in, ba kamar danginsa ba, yana zaune a yankuna masu tsananin yanayi, kuma yana da yawa a Chukotka, Greenland, Scandinavia, arewacin Kanada da Alaska.
A cikin hoto arctic tern
Yawancin lokaci terns kan sauka a gabar ruwa da zurfin zurfin ruwa da tekuna, suna zama cikin laka da rairayi masu yashi da tsibirai. Daga cikin jinsunan wadannan tsuntsayen, sanannen abu kuma ya yadu shi ne kogin tern... Wadannan tsuntsayen sunfi danginsu girma da dan kadan. yi baki mai girman kai; plumage mai-toka-toka ne a sama, kadan a ƙasa a ƙasa.
Gashin fuka-fuka a goshin suna canza launi: a lokacin rani suna da baƙi a saman, sun yi fari sananne a lokacin hunturu; akwai launuka masu launin baki da fari a bayan kai; jan baki, baki a ƙarshen; kafafu ja ne. Irin waɗannan halittu masu fuka-fukai ana iya samun su ba kawai a bakin gaɓar ruwa da koguna ba, har ma a bakin teku. Tsuntsayen sun yadu daga Arctic Circle zuwa Bahar Rum.
A cikin hoton, kogin terns
Sun yi gida-gida a tsibirai da yawa na Tekun Atlantika, a kan yankin nahiyar Amurka har zuwa Texas da Florida, a lokacin sanyi suna matsawa kudu; a cikin Asiya an same su har zuwa Kashmir. Duk jinsunan ƙasa suna cikin dangin tern.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tsuntsayen tern
Daya daga cikin irin wadannan tsuntsayen: karami terns, yana cikin hatsari Dalilin wannan mummunan halin kuwa shi ne rashin wuraren da suka dace da gida gida da kuma yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa a wuraren da ambaliyar take.
Wasu nau'ikan wadannan tsuntsayen sun sami damar mallakar kambun gwarzo na dogon lokaci. Babban misali na wannan shine Jirgin Arctic tern, wanda a kowace shekara yakai nisan kusan kilomita dubu ashirin.
A cikin hoton ƙaramin tern ne
Duk ire-iren wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi sama. Amma Arctic terns suna yin jirage mafi tsayi... Tsuntsayen suna yin tafiya mai ban mamaki daga wannan ƙarshen duniya zuwa wancan kowace shekara, suna hunturu a Antarctica kuma suna dawowa arewa zuwa Arctic a cikin bazara.
Terns suna ciyar da babban ɓangaren rayuwarsu a cikin jirgi. Amma tare da ƙafafun yanar gizo, ba su da kyau masu iyo. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa yayin dogon tafiye-tafiye yayin hutu Arctic tern baya sauka a kan ruwa, amma yana ƙoƙari ya sami wani abu mai dacewa mai iyo.
A daya daga cikin lokutan baya-bayan nan, an yi amfani da gashin fuka-fukan wannan tsuntsu a matsayin kayan adon kwalliyar mata, wanda hakan ya sa tsuntsayen marasa galihu suka halaka ba tare da wani laifi ba da yawa a hannun mafarauta masu kishirwar riba. Amma a halin yanzu, yanayin gashin fuka-fukai bai dace ba, kuma yawan jama'a ya dawo kuma yana cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Inca tern hoto
A cikin iska, terns suna jin kamar ainihin ƙa'idodin jirgin, tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, suna buɗe fikafikansu, suna motsawa cikin sauƙi, cikin sauri kuma tare da babban motsi. Terns da ke girgiza fikafikansa na iya yin shawagi a wuri ɗaya na ɗan lokaci, amma waɗannan masanan game da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama kusan ba sa lura da tashin jirage.
Waɗannan suna aiki sosai, marasa nutsuwa da murya mai ƙarfi, suna yin sautuka suna ihu: "kick-kick" ko "kiik". Suna da jarumtaka, kuma idan akwai wata barazana, da gaba gaɗi suke rugawa zuwa yaƙi don afkawa abokan gaba, suna yiwa makiya rauni da bakinsu. Lamura ne da aka sani lokacin da mutane marasa kulawa da girman kai suka sami mummunan rauni daga waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Saurari muryar tern
Ofarfin tsuntsayen don bijiro wa kansu yakan zama dalili ga sauran tsuntsayen su zauna kusa da yankunansu don su sami kwanciyar hankali. Kuma babbar kara, kukan tashin hankali na iya tsoratar da hatta maƙiyan da suka fi jinin sanyi.
Tern ciyarwa
Zama tare da gabar ruwan, tern yana ciyar da kifaye, kayan kwalliya, molluscs da sauran dabbobin cikin ruwa, wanda ke samar da yawancin abincin su. Suna samun “burodinsu”, suna hawa sama da saman ruwa zuwa tsayi kusan 10-12 m, suna neman abincinsu daga sama.
Kuma da suka lura da wata manufa da ta dace, sai su runtuma bayanta daga sama zuwa ƙasa, ruwa daga ƙaramin tsayi. Shiga cikin ruwa zuwa zurfin zurfin ƙasa, tern kwace kayan abincinsa nan take ya cinyeta. Kodayake tsuntsayen suna yin iyo sosai, amma, suna nitso da kyau, amma baƙasasshe.
A lokacin nest, tsuntsayen ba sa da'a a abinci mai gina jiki, kuma suna da wadatar zuci da ƙananan kifi da soya, kwari na cikin ruwa, da kuma tsutsa, waɗanda suma ana kama su yayin jirage. A wannan lokacin, abincin shuke-shuken, misali, 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri, waɗanda ba halayyar waɗannan tsuntsayen sosai ba, na iya bayyana a cikin abincin su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na terns
Wadannan halittu masu fuka-fukai suna gida a cikin yankuna, wadanda galibi manya ne, masu hayaniya da yawan jama'a. Koyaya, kowane ma'aurata suna da yankin da suke nasu, wanda suke himmatuwa kuma suke karewa daga kutse daga waje, dangi da sauran baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba, suna ta da murya cikin haɗari da afkawa abokan gaba, yin ruwa daga sama.
An shirya nestin gida ta yadda zai dace. Yana faruwa cewa hatta tsuntsaye basa yin gida-gida, kawai suna zaune a inda ya dace: a bishiyoyi, a cikin bishiyoyi, har ma a ƙasa, inda ya dace da su sa ƙwai, wanda yawanci basu wuce guda uku ba. Marsh terns shirya gurbi daidai kan ruwa, gina su daga tsirrai.
A hoto, ɗan tsuntsaye tern a cikin gida
Yawancin lokaci iyayen biyu suna yin kajin. Kuma yaran, daga haihuwar da suke da launi mai kamanni, ana haihuwar su ne yadda za su iya kasancewa bayan wasu kwanaki sun yi nasarar nunawa iyayensu saurin motsi, fara gudu, kuma bayan makonni uku suna tashi kyauta.
Kaji na wasu nau'in tern sukan mutu kafin su balaga. A wasu, mace-macen ba za a lamunta ba, kuma yawan jama’ar ya daidaita, kodayake mata ba sa iya yin kwai ɗaya. Tsuntsaye tern yana rayuwa tsawon rai. Sau da yawa shekarun waɗannan tsuntsayen yakan kai shekaru 25 ko fiye.
