Axolotl - Wannan shine tsutsa na ambistoma, ɗayan nau'ikan nau'in amphibian. Abin mamakin neoteny yana tattare da wannan dabba mai ban mamaki (daga Girkanci. "Matasa, miƙawa").
Rashin gado na hormone thyroidin yana hana amphibian motsawa daga matakin larva zuwa babban saurayi. Sabili da haka, axolotls suna rayuwa a cikin wannan matakin, suna kaiwa ga balagar jima'i da ikon haifuwa, ba tare da fuskantar metamorphosis ba.
Axolotls galibi ana kiransa larvae na ƙamshi iri biyu: Gwanin Mexico da damisa ambistoma. A cikin daji, ana iya samun mai son burin ta siffofi biyu - neotenic (a cikin wata tsutsa), da ta duniya (baligi mai ci gaba).
Fasali da bayyanar axolotl
A fassara a zahiri, axolotl "kare ne na ruwa" ko "dodo mai ruwa". Kunnawa hoto axolotl baya kama da barazanar. Maimakon haka, yana kama da kyawawan dodon dabbobi. Ana ba da wannan kwatankwacin ga axolotl ta nau'i-nau'i guda uku na gill mai saurin fitowa a saman gadon, mai kama da san tsakuwa masu laushi.
Suna taimaka wa dabbar ta numfasa a karkashin ruwa. Axolotl yana cikin irin waɗannan nau'ikan na amphibians, waɗanda, ban da gills, suma suna da huhu. Dabbar tana canzawa zuwa numfashi na huhu idan yanayin rayuwa ya canza, ko kuma babu isashshen oxygen a cikin ruwa don rayuwa ta yau da kullun.
Tare da amfani mai tsawo na irin wannan numfashi, gills atrophy. Amma axolotl baya tsoron wannan. Draaramin dragon yana da ikon sake sabunta ƙwayoyinta kuma, idan ya cancanta, gills na iya sabuntawa.
Kyakkyawan ɗabi'a na "dodo mai ruwa" ana bayar da shi ta ƙananan idanuwa masu zagaye a gefen madaidaiciyar fuska da kuma faɗaɗa baki a ƙasan kai. Da alama cewa axolotl yana murmushi koyaushe, yana zuwa cikin kyawawan halaye.
Larvae na Ambistoma, kamar sauran amphibians, masu farauta ne. Hakoran dabba kanana ne kuma masu kaifi. Aikinsu shine rikewa, ba yaga abinci ba. Tsawancin axolotl ya kai 30-35 cm, matan sun dan karami. Doguwar, wutsiyar da ta inganta sosai tana taimaka wa amphibian motsi cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa.
Axolotl yana ciyar da wani muhimmin bangare na lokaci a ƙasan. Paafafun kafa biyu suna ƙare da dogon yatsu, waɗanda yake mannewa da duwatsu don turawa yayin motsawa. A cikin mazauninsu, mafi yawanci sune axolotls masu launin ruwan kasa, tare da peas mai duhu warwatse akan jiki.
Axolotls na gida yawanci fari (zabiya) ko kuma baƙi. Saboda halayensu, wadannan dabbobin suna da matukar sha'awar da'irar kimiyya. A dakunan gwaje-gwaje yanayin kiyaye axolotl kusa da na halitta. Amphibians sun hayayyafa da kyau, suna faranta masana kimiyya da sabbin inuw newwi na launin fata.
Gidan Axolotl
Axolotls gama gari ne a tabkunan Mexico - Xochimilco da Chalco. Kafin mamayar mutanen Sifen, mazauna yankin sun ci abincin naman ambista. Dangane da dandano, yayi kama da nama mai laushi. Amma yayin aiwatar da birane, yawan axolotls ya ragu sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da sanya wannan nau'in dake cikin hatsari a cikin Littafin Ja.
Labari mai dadi shine sallamar yaji dadi sosai a gida. Axolotl shine ɗayan dabbobin gida da aka fi sani da masoya akwatin ruwa na amphibian.
A cikin daji, axolotls suna cinye rayuwarsu duka cikin ruwa. Zaba wurare masu zurfin ruwa mai sanyi da wadataccen ciyayi. Tekuna na Meziko, tare da tsibirai masu iyo da kuma mashigar hanyoyin da ke haɗa hanyoyin, gidaje ne masu kyau don dodan ruwa.
Mazaunin axolotls yana da fadi sosai - kimanin kilomita dubu 10, wanda yake da wahalar kidaya sauran mutanen.
Tsayawa axolotl a gida
Babbar matsala tare da kiyaye axolotl a gida zai kiyaye wani zazzabi na ruwa. Dabbobi suna jin daɗi a yanayin zafi daga 15-20C. Alamar iyaka ita ce 23C. Yankin oxygen na ruwa ya dogara da yanayin zafinsa.
Idan ruwan yayi dumi sosai, dabbar gidan na fara rashin lafiya. An ba da shawarar shigar axolotl a cikin akwatin kifaye kayan sanyaya ruwa, amma kuma zaka iya neman shawarar kwararrun masu kiwon salamander.
An saukar da kwalban filastik na daskararren ruwa a cikin ruwa, don haka yana rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin akwatin kifaye. Kwalba ta biyu ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance cikin shiri a cikin injin daskarewa.
Lokacin zabar akwati don adana axolotl, ci gaba daga ƙarar 40-50 lita a kowace dabba. Ruwa ya cika da matsakaici ko babban tauri, tsarkakakke daga chlorine.
Coveredasan akwatin kifaye an rufe shi da yashi na kogi, yana ƙara stonesan duwatsu masu matsakaici. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan ƙanƙan duwatsu ba, tun da axolotls suna haɗiye ƙasa tare da abinci.
Idan yashi ya bar jikinsa da yardar kaina, to duwatsun na iya toshe tsarin ɓarna na amphibian, wanda ke haifar da mummunan sakamako ga dabbar. Axolotls suna son ɓoyewa a cikin wuraren ɓoye, don haka tabbatar cewa akwai ɓoyayyun wurare a cikin tanki.
Don wannan, itacen danshi, tukwane, manyan duwatsu sun dace. Abu mai mahimmanci shi ne cewa duk abubuwa dole ne a daidaita su. Kayatattun wurare da kusurwa suna iya cutar da kyakkyawan fata na amphibian.
Kasancewar shuke-shuke a cikin akwatin kifaye yana da mahimmanci. Axolotls suna sanya ƙwai a kan tushe da ganye a lokacin kiwo. Ana yin canjin ruwa sau ɗaya a mako. Rabin ƙarar an zubo da ƙarin ruwa mai kyau.
Sharar da tankin kowane wata kuma a share shi gaba ɗaya. Ba shi da kyau a bar ragowar abinci da abubuwan ɓoye na dabbobin gida a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka bazu, ana sakin abubuwa wadanda ke cutar da lafiyar amphibian.
Dauke da axolotl a cikin akwatin kifaye ya zama dole daban da sauran mazaunan ruwa, gami da kifi. Za a iya auka wa gimon dodo da siraran fata, su haifar da lalacewa da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi kuma, a wasu yanayi, mutuwa. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shine kifin zinare.
Sauke abinci mai gina jiki da tsawon rai
Kasancewarsa amphibian mai cin naman, axolotl yana cin furotin don abinci. Tare da annashuwa yana cin tsutsotsi, kyankyasai, kwarkwata, mussel da naman jatan lande, busasshen abinci ga masu farauta ta hanyar allunan. Ba a so a ba kifin mai rai ga salamander, tunda da yawa daga cikinsu masu ɗauke da cututtuka daban-daban, kuma axolotls yana da saukin kamuwa da su.
An haramta naman mambobi. Cikin macijin ba zai iya narkar da furotin da ke cikin irin wannan nama ba. Sake bugun yana da sauƙin isa. Ana sanya mutane daban-daban na jinsi a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya. Mace da namiji sun bambanta a girman girman cloaca.
Cikakken sanannen sanannen cloaca yana cikin namiji. Smoothed kuma kusan ganuwa - a cikin mace. Bayan ɗan gajeren kwarkwasa, sai namiji ya fitar da kwayar halittar spermatophore. Mace ce ke tattara su daga ƙasa tare da cloaca sannan bayan wasu kwanaki sai ta ba da ƙwai mai ƙwai tare da soya akan ganyen tsire-tsire.
Dogaro da yanayi, axolotls- jarirai suna ƙyanƙyashe cikin haske cikin makonni biyu zuwa uku. Ana ciyar da ƙananan yara da brine naupilia da ƙananan tsutsotsi. Daphnia kuma abinci ne mai dacewa a wannan lokacin.
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, axolotls yana da rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a gida, tsawon rai ya rabi. Sayi axolotl ana iya samunsu a shagunan dabbobi na ƙwarewa game da sayar da dabbobin gida: kifi da sauran masanan ruwa.
Shagunan kan layi suna ba da damar siyan akwatin kifaye kifin axolotl. Farashin Axolotl ya bambanta daga 300 rubles a kowane tsutsa, kuma a tsakanin 1000 rubles kowane baligi.
