Tsetse tashi na daga kudajen dangin Glossinidse, wanda kusan iri biyu da ashirin ne. Yawancin kwari na wannan umarnin suna da haɗari ga mutane, musamman tsutsa tashi ana ɗaukarsa mai ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari kamar "mai bacci" ko "mai juyi", wanda ke shafar shanu.
Game da tashi tsetse sananne ne tabbatacce cewa dangin ta kai tsaye sun rayu a duniyar mu sama da shekaru miliyan talatin da suka gabata. Wata hanya ko wata, kusan kowane mutum, ya fara da daliban firamare na makarantun sakandare, ya ji sunan wannan kwarin aƙalla da gefen kunnensa.
Fasali da mazaunin tsetse tashi
Jirgin tashi tsetse yana da matukar wahalar ji "tare da kunnen tsirara", wanda, a hade tare da madaidaitan girma (matsakaita girman ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 15 mm), ya baiwa wadannan kwari shahararren sanannen "masu kisan shiru".
Duba kawai hoton tsetse tashidon fahimtar cewa kamanninsu suna kama da ƙudajen da muka saba, amma yana da nasa bambancin. Misali, wani nau'in "proboscis" yana kan kan kwari, wanda tsuntsayen tsetse zasu iya huda shi ba kawai fata mai laushi ba, har ma da kaurin fatar dabbobi kamar giwa ko bauna.
Yaya tsuntsaye tsetse yake?? Yawancin mutane suna da launin toka-rawaya. Bakin kwarin yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na hakoran hakora masu kaifi, wanda tare da tsetse yake cizon kai tsaye a jijiyoyin jini don tsinkayar jini.
Yawun yana dauke da enzymes wadanda suke hana jinin wanda aka yiwa rauni dunkulewa. Ba kamar sauro ba, inda mata suke shan jini kawai, tsuntsaye tsetse na jinsi biyu suna sha jini. Yayin shan jini, cikin kwarin yana kara girma sosai.
Tsetse ya tashi a Afirka zaune kusan ko'ina. Akwai wani nau'in da ke zaune a Ostiraliya. Waɗannan kudaje sun fi son zama kai tsaye a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi ko kusa da ruwa, galibi suna tilasta mutane su watsar da mafi kyaun makiyaya da kyawawan filayen noma.
A halin yanzu, tashi tsetse baya haifar da wata hatsari ga rayuwar namun daji, amma babban bala'i ne ga dabbobi, dawakai, tumaki da karnuka. Zebras na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan dabbobin da kwata-kwata ba sa shan cizon waɗannan ƙudaje masu guba, tunda launinsu baƙar fata da fari ya sa sun zama "bayyane" ga kwari masu haɗari.
Tsetse tashi - mai ɗauka guba da yawa daga wata dabba zuwa wata, yayin da ba ta da nata guba don haka cizon na iya aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Babban haɗari ga mutane tsetse tashi - cutawanda aka fi sani da "mai bacci".
A yayin da, bayan ƙuda mai guba ta cije ku, ba ku hanzarta tare da taimakon likita ba, mutum ya faɗa cikin suma har tsawon makonni ɗaya zuwa uku tare da ci gaba da riƙewar zuciya. Ciwon bacci na iya bunkasa har tsawon shekara guda, a hankali ya mai da mutum ya zama "kayan lambu". Baya ga alfadarin da aka ambata a sama, alfadarai, jakuna da awaki ne kawai ke da kariya daga cizon tsuntsaye.
Duk da cewa tashiwar tsutse babbar matsala ce a duk faɗin yankin Afirka, amma ba a sami cikakkiyar mafita ba. Ba daidai ba, amma yayin da masana kimiyya ke gwagwarmaya don magance wannan matsalar, a cikin Habasha ta yi tsuru tsetse don domin yaki da mamayar wadannan kwari masu dafi.
Maza suna haskakawa da gamma radiation, bayan haka sun rasa haihuwa. Hakanan yana amfani da hanyar "tarko" da aka yi da shuɗi mai zane kuma an cika ta da sinadarai masu kashe kwari.
Tunda wannan kwaron yana da hatsari sosai ga dabbobi da mutane, ana la'akari da cewa ɗayan mawuyacin matsaloli ne ga rumbun kwamfutar Seagate - "Tsetse tashi», wanda zai iya kashe "kayan aikin" kwamfutarka.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tsetse
Tashin tsetse yana da saurin gudu da babban rayuwa. Kwaron yana da matukar tashin hankali kuma yana kai hari ga duk wani abu da ke motsawa da haskaka zafi, dabba ce, mutum ko da mota.
A cikin shekaru ɗari da hamsin da suka gabata a yankin na Afirka, an ci gaba da gwagwarmaya da mamaye wannan ƙwaro mai haɗari. Wasu lokuta ma yakan kai ga matattun matakai, kamar sare duk bishiyoyi ba tare da togiya ba a cikin mazaunin tsuntsun tsetse har ma da harbin mutane da dabbobin daji.
A halin yanzu akwai magunguna don cutar bacci, wanda tsutse ke ɗauke da shi, amma suna da adadi masu yawa na illa (amai, ƙaruwar hawan jini, tashin zuciya, da sauran su). A halin yanzu, akwai mahimmancin ƙarancin magunguna don yawancin cizon tsuntsaye.
Tsetse tashi abinci
Tsuntsun tsetse kwari ne wanda ke ciyar da farko akan jinin dabbobin daji, dabbobi da mutane. Flyarfin spiny proboscis yana huda har ma da mafi tsananin fatar dabbobi kamar giwa da karkanda.
Ya sauka ƙasa da isa, don haka ba koyaushe ba ne zai iya lura da shi a kan lokaci. Kwaron yana da yawan walwala, kuma a wani lokaci ƙwarin tsetse yana shan jini daidai da nauyinsa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tsetse
Tsarin rayuwa na tsuntsun tsuntsaye ya kai kimanin watanni shida, kuma mata suna saduwa da namiji sau ɗaya kawai. Bayan saduwa, mace na fitar da tsutsa kai tsaye sau da yawa a wata. Nan da nan larvae zasu fara "burrow" zuwa cikin ƙasa mai danshi, inda ake yin puppy masu launin ruwan kasa daga gare su, wanda ya rikide zuwa ƙuruciyar balaga ta jima'i cikin wata ɗaya.
Mata na tashi tsetse suna rayuwa, suna ɗauke da tsutsa kai tsaye a cikin mahaifa tsawon sati ɗaya da rabi. A tsawon rayuwarta, mace ta wannan kwarin yawanci tana haihuwa daga kwayaye goma zuwa goma sha biyu. Kowane tsutsa na karbar abinci a cikin hanyar abin da ake kira "madarar cikin ciki". Godiya ga ɗayan enzymes na irin "madara", sphingomyelinase, an ƙirƙiri membrane ɗin tantanin halitta, wanda hakan yana ba da damar tsutsa ta juya zuwa kuda.
