A cikin karnin mu, kayan kifin gargajiya na kasar Japan kamar su sushi, rolls, sashimi sun shahara sosai. Amma idan sabulai da aka saba da shinkafa da salmon suka tsoratar da ku kawai da yawan cin abinci, to akwai nau'ikan kifayen, cin abincin dare da shi wanda zaka rasa ranka dashi. Daga cikin irin wannan mai haɗari, amma daga wannan ba ƙananan shahararrun jita-jita ba ne, jita-jita daga kifi mai haƙori, wanda ake kira da kalma gama gari - fugu.
Puffer bayyanar kifi
Kifin Puffer, wanda ake kira fugu, yana cikin jinsin Takifugu, wanda ke fassara azaman alade na kogi. Don girki, galibi suna amfani da kifin da ake kira puffer brown. Kifin puffer yayi kama da sabon abu: yana da babban jiki - tsayinsa kusan 40 cm, amma yayi girma har zuwa 80 cm.
Sashin gaban jiki yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, baya yana kunkuntar, tare da ƙaramar wutsiya. Kifin yana da karamin baki da idanu. A gefunan, a bayan fincin firam, akwai tabo kewaye da baƙaƙen fata a cikin zoben farin, babban launin fata launin ruwan kasa ne. Babban fasalin fasalin shine kasancewar kaifin toka a kan fata, kuma ma'aunan ba su nan. Don haka duba kusan kowane irin puffer kifi.
A lokacin haɗari, ana haifar da wata dabara a jikin iska - ƙananan ƙananan ramuka waɗanda suke kusa da ciki da sauri cika da ruwa ko iska kuma kifin yana kumbura kamar balan-balan. Alluran, waɗanda aka sassaka su cikin yanayin hutu, yanzu sun fita daga kowane ɓangare.
Wannan ya sa kusan kifayen ba sa iya zuwa ga masu farauta, tunda ba shi yiwuwa a haɗiye wannan dunƙulen ƙaya. Kuma idan kowa ya yi ƙarfin hali, ya mutu bayan ɗan lokaci daga babbar hanyar tsaro - guba. Makami mafi karfi puffer kifi shine karfinta tashin hankali... Ana samun sinadarin tetrodoxin akan fata, hanta, madara, hanji cikin yawan haɗari.
Wannan guba neurotoxin ne wanda ke toshe motsin lantarki a cikin jijiyoyi ta hanyar dagula kwararar ion sodium a cikin sel, yana shanye tsokoki, mutuwa tana faruwa ne daga rashin iya numfashi. Wannan guba ta fi ƙarfin cyanide, curare da sauran mayuka masu ƙarfi sau da yawa.
Gubobi daga mutum ɗaya sun isa su kashe mutane 35-40. Aikin guba yana faruwa a cikin rabin sa'a kuma yana nuna kansa sosai - dizzness, ƙarancin leɓɓuka da bakin, mutum ya fara yin amai da amai, ciwon ciki yana bayyana a cikin ciki, wanda ya bazu cikin jiki duka.
Guba ta shanye tsokoki, kuma ana iya ceton ran mutum cikin lokaci ta hanyar samar da iskar oxygen, ta hanyar iska mai wucin gadi. Duk da barazanar irin wannan mummunan mutuwa, masana masaniyar wannan abincin ba sa ragewa. A Japan, ana cin tan miliyan 10 na wannan kifin a kowace shekara, kuma kusan mutane 20 sun sha guba ta namanta, wasu daga cikin cututtukan na mutuwa.
Tun da farko, lokacin da masu dafa abinci ba su san yadda ake dafa fugu mai lafiya ba, a cikin 1950 an sami mutuwar 400 da munanan guba dubu 31. Yanzu haɗarin guba ya ragu sosai, saboda masu dafa abinci waɗanda suka shirya kifin puffer dole ne su sami horo na musamman na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma su sami lasisi.
Ana koya musu yadda ake yanka yadda ya kamata, wanke nama, amfani da wasu sassan gawar don kar a sanya wa abokin cinikin su guba. Wani fasalin guba, kamar yadda masu iya maganarsa suka ce, shi ne yanayin natsuwa na farin ciki da mutumin da ya ci shi ya fuskanta.
Amma adadin wannan guba ya zama kadan. Daya daga cikin mashahuran masu dafa abincin sushi ya ce idan lebbanku suka fara yin sanyi yayin cin abinci, wannan tabbatacciyar alama ce cewa kuna gab da mutuwa. Ana gudanar da dandano na jita-jita daga wannan kifin, wanda yawanci yakan kashe $ 40- $ 100. Farashi daidai yake da cikakken tasa daga puffer kifi zai kasance daga $ 100 zuwa $ 500.
Puffer mazaunin kifi
Kifin puffer yana rayuwa a cikin wani yanayi mai ƙarancin yanayi kuma ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin ɗan asalin Asiya mara ƙanƙanci. Tekun teku da kogin Far East, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pacific, Tekun Okhotsk su ne wuraren babban puffer mazaunin kifi.
Akwai kuma adadi mai yawa na wannan kifin a yammacin Tekun Japan, a Tekun Yellow da Kudancin China. Daga cikin ruwayen da fugu ke rayuwa, ana iya bambance kogunan Niger, Nile, Congo, Amazon, Lake Lake. A lokacin rani, hakan yana faruwa a cikin ruwan ruwan Rasha na Tekun Japan, a arewacin yankin Peter the Great Bay.
Masana kimiyyar Jafanawa daga garin Nagasaki sun kirkiro wani nau'in puffer na musamman - mara guba. Ya zama cewa guba a cikin kifin baya nan tun daga haihuwa, amma ana tattara shi ne daga abincin da fugu ke ciyarwa. Sabili da haka, bayan zaɓar lafiyayyen abinci don kifin (mackerel, da sauransu), zaku iya cin sa lafiya.
Kodayake puffer kifi dauke Jafananci kayan marmari, tunda a can ne al'adar cin sa ta samo asali, jita-jita da aka yi daga ita suna da mashahuri sosai a Koriya, China, Thailand, Indonesia. A wasu ƙasashe, suma sun fara ƙirƙirar ƙazamar ƙazamar ƙazamar ƙazanta, amma, masanan abubuwan birgewa sun ƙi cin abincin, suna ƙarancin ɗanɗano ƙimar kifi a matsayin damar da za su iya cakuda jijiyoyin su.
Duk nau'ikan puffer sune ƙasan kifi mara ƙaura, mafi yawanci suna rayuwa a zurfin da bai wuce mita 100 ba. Tsoffin mutane suna zama a cikin ruwa, wani lokaci suna iyo a cikin ruwan gishiri. Galibi ana samun soya a bakin bakin kogi. Tsohuwar kifin, ya yi nisa da shi daga bakin tekun, amma kafin hadari ya zo kusa da bakin teku.
Puffer salon kifi
Rayuwar fugu ta kasance abin asiri har zuwa yau, masu bincike ba su san komai game da waɗannan mayuka masu guba ba. An gano cewa waɗannan kifin basa iya haɓaka saurin gudu a cikin ruwa, amma duk da haka, yanayin yanayin jikinsu baya bada izinin hakan.
Koyaya, waɗannan kifin suna da sauƙin motsawa, suna iya matsawa gaba tare da kawunansu ko jelarsu, juyawa a hankali har ma da iyo a gefe, idan ya cancanta. Wani fasalin mai ban sha'awa na fugu shine ƙanshin sa. Don ƙanshin da kawai karnukan jinni ke iya alfahari da shi, wannan kifin kuma ana kiransa kifin kare.
Kadan daga cikin mazaunan duniyar karkashin ruwa zasu iya kwatantawa da fugu a fasahar banban ƙanshin ruwa. Puaƙama tana da ƙaramar farfajiyar-kama da ɓaɓɓuka a ƙarƙashin idanuwa. Wadannan tanti suna da hancin hanci wanda kifin yake jin wari iri-iri a nesa mai nisa.
Puffer abincin kifi
Rabon kifin mai firgitarwa ya hada da ba mai matukar sha'awa ba, da farko kallo, mazaunan ƙasan - waɗannan nau'ikan kifi ne, bushiya, mollusks iri-iri, tsutsotsi, murjani. Wasu masana kimiyya sun tabbata cewa ta hanyar laifin irin wannan abincin ne fugu ya zama mai guba. Gubobi masu abinci suna tarawa cikin kifi, galibi a hanta, hanji, da caviar. Ba daidai ba, kifin kansa baya shan wahala kwata-kwata, kimiyya ba ta sami bayanin wannan ba tukuna.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na fiskar puffer
Yayin aiwatar da kiwo a cikin puffers, uba ya ɗauki matsayin da ya fi dacewa. Lokacin da lokacin haihuwa ya zo, sai miji ya fara farautar mace, rawa da zagaye da ita, yana gayyatata nutsuwa. Mace mai sha'awa takan cika burin mai rawa, kuma suna iyo tare a ƙasa a wuri ɗaya na ɗan lokaci.
Bayan ta zaɓi dutse mai dacewa, mace ta sa ƙwai a kai, kuma namiji nan da nan ya ba ta takin. Bayan mace ta gama aikinta, sai ta tafi, sai namijin ya tsaya na wasu karin kwanaki, yana rufe kama da jikinsa, yana kare shi daga wadanda suke son cin abinci a soya da ba a haifa ba.
Lokacin da tadpoles suka kyankyashe, sai namiji ya dauke su a hankali zuwa ramin da aka shirya a cikin ƙasa, kuma ya ci gaba da zama a matsayin mai tsaron lafiya. Mahaifi mai kulawa kawai yana ɗaukar aikinsa ya cika yayin da zuriyarsa zasu iya ciyar da kansu. Kifin Puffer yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 10-12.
