Loshak Dabba ce mai ƙafafu wacce tayi kama da jaki. A cikin yanayin mahalli, ba ya faruwa, tunda sakamakon ayyukan zaɓaɓɓu na mutane ne. Dabbobi ba su kai na jakai da alfadarai dangane da ƙarfin aiki ba, saboda haka, ba su da yawa. Kiwo da irin waɗannan dawakai galibi ana aiwatar da su a ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Loshak
The Loshak giciye ne tsakanin tsintsiya madaurinki daya da jaki mata. Kiwo daga waɗannan dabbobin, da alfadarai, an fara ma'amala da su na dogon lokaci - a cikin Zamanin Zamani. Nauran farko na alfadarai da hinnies sun bayyana a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Sannan mutane da sauri sun koyi kiwon dabbobi a Iran, Masar.
Mutum yayi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar da haɓaka ƙwadago. Babban aikin shine samo dabbobi waɗanda zasu sami ƙarfin aiki da juriya. Mutanen Zamani na Tsakiya sun nemi amfani da dabbobi azaman ma'aikata na aiki a cikin gida ko kuma hanyar safarar su. Wani muhimmin aiki kuma shi ne karfin rakiyar sojoji a kan dogon yakin, don safarar ba mahaya dawakai kawai ba, har ma da dukkan makamai da kakin sojoji.
Bidiyo: Loshak
Na farko sun haɗu da dabbobi cikin tsananin buƙata tsakanin ƙungiyoyin makiyaya da na mutane. An yi amfani da mata a matsayin hanyar sufuri, kuma an tattara maza don yin aiki mai wuya ko jigilar abubuwa masu nauyi. Shiga cikin aiki tuƙuru yakan faru ne daga shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa shekaru biyu.
Bayan haka, lokacin da masu kiwo suka fara yin alfadarai a cikin adadi mai yawa, sun zo ga yanke shawara cewa waɗannan dabbobin sun fi sauƙin hayayyafa, tun da ba su da buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki, ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kuma sun fi tauri. A yau, ana iya samun alfadarin musamman a ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afirka, a wasu yankuna na Amurka. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa ana amfani dasu don shiga cikin tseren doki mai son.
A sakamakon zabi, mutane sun cire nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan girma uku:
- shirya;
- kayan doki;
- hawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Loshak a cikin yanayi
A waje, alfadarin yana kama da jaki. Tsayin jiki a bushe ya fara daga santimita 105 zuwa 160. Nauyin jiki ya dogara da nau'in dabbar: dabbobin da aka tsara suna da nauyin kilo 300 zuwa 500, kuma suna shirya dabbobi daga kilo 280 zuwa 400. Launin dabba gaba daya gadon sa yake daga uwa. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don dabba. Dabbobi na iya zama haske, launin ruwan kasa, ja, duhu mai duhu, ko baƙi. Halayen waje, gami da tsayi, yawanci ana ƙaddara su ne da halayen iyayen da aka yi amfani dasu don ƙetarawa.
Alfadarin kuwa koyaushe yana da gajerun kunnuwa, wadanda yake gadonsu daga jakin. A cikin bayyanar alfadarin, akwai sifofin da suke da kwatankwacin fasalin doki. Tsarin akwati da gaɓoɓin sun yi kama da na dawakai. Alfadarin yana da kauri, gajere gajere da ƙaramin kai. Jiki yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da wuya. Abin lura ne cewa, kamar dawakai, alfadari yana da bango, abin ɗamara da doguwar jela.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A mafi yawan lokuta, ba tare da la'akari da halaye na waje na iyaye ba, bayyanarwar dimorphism na halayyar haɗuwa ce. Mata sun fi maza girma da girma da nauyi.
Alfadarin yana da wasu siffofin halayyar da suka dace da shi kawai:
- madaidaiciyar layin baya;
- idanu masu kamannin almond;
- madaidaiciya, gajere kuma mai kauri;
- gajeren gabobi tare da tsokoki masu haɓaka da hooves mai tsawo;
- low, gajere bushe.
Ina alfadari yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Loshak a Rasha
Asiya ta Tsakiya ana ɗauke da asalin ƙasar alfadari. A yau ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya sun kasance wuri inda ake samun waɗannan donkeyan matattarar matasan jakunan jakin.
A ina alfadarai ke rayuwa ban da tsakiyar Asiya:
- Koriya;
- yankin Transcarpathia;
- yankuna kudu na Turai;
- Kasashen Afirka;
- Amirka ta Arewa;
- Kudancin Amurka.
Loshakov yana da sauƙin kiyayewa, saboda basa buƙatar yanayin kiyayewa da samar da abinci. Ana ajiye dabbobi a waɗancan yankuna inda dole ne mutane su yi aiki tuƙuru, su yi noma a ƙasa, su girbe manyan amfanin gona, kuma su yi yaƙi na dogon lokaci. Ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin yankunan tsaunuka, inda ake amfani da su don jigilar kayayyaki daga wannan aya zuwa wancan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Amfanin dabbobi shine kaddarorin musamman na kofato. Babu buƙatar takalmin dabbobin, amma koda babu dawakai, suna iya wucewa ta cikin duwatsu cikin sauƙi, tare da laka, hanyoyi masu dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin yankin Afirka, da kuma yankin Kudu da Arewacin Amurka, ana amfani da ungulu don jigilar makamai, albarusai da yunifom don ma'aikatan soja. A wasu ƙasashe, tare da taimakonsu, an kafa wadatar ma'adanai daga ma'adinai da wuraren hakarta zuwa yankuna daban-daban.
Babu wani yanayi na musamman da ake buƙata don kiyaye dabbar. Yana buƙatar tsayayyen shimfiɗar gado ne kawai, da isasshen ruwa da abinci. Hakanan, masu kiwo marasa kula sun lura cewa yana da kyau wasu lokuta a tsaftace kofato da kuma tsefe gashinsu da motarsu. Idan alfadarin yana da isasshen abinci da ruwa, yana iya jurewa kusan kowane yanayi da yanayin yanayi.
Menene hinny yake ci?
Hoto: Farar hutu
Dangane da abinci mai gina jiki, alfadarin baya baiwa masu shi wasu matsaloli na musamman. Masu shayarwa ba za su buƙaci samar da isasshen furotin don gina isasshen ƙwayar tsoka ba.
Me za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tushen abinci:
- ciyawa;
- bran;
- 'ya'yan itacen sabo - apples;
- ganye;
- kayan lambu - dankali, masara, karas;
- hatsi - hatsi, hatsin rai;
- legumes.
Hinasar bayan gida wata matattara ce ta jakin dawa da jaki, sakamakon wannan abincin na ɗan hiɗa yana haɗuwa da yanayin ciyarwar jaki da doki. Tushen abincin shine ciyawa, ko kore, ciyayi masu sabo, ciyawa. Adadin ciyawar da dabba ke bukata a kowace rana ya dogara da nauyin jikin ta gaba daya. A matsakaici, hinnie ɗaya zai buƙaci kilo 6-8 na ciyawa ko koren ciyawa da kilogram 3-3.5 na daidaitaccen cakuda. Wannan cakuda za'a iya siyayya ko shirya da kanku ta hanyar haɗa kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, masara.
Don shayarwa, aƙalla kilogram 3-4 na zaɓaɓɓen ciyawa ko ciyawar kore ana buƙatar kowace rana. Tare da haɓakar dabba, a hankali ya zama dole a ƙara yawan abinci da faɗaɗa abincin sa. Yana da matukar mahimmanci dabba ta samu isasshen ruwa a kullum. A lokacin zafi na bazara, buƙatar ruwa yana ƙaruwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Loshak
Yanayin alfadari yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani. Dabbobi sukan gaji taurin kai da rashin biyayya daga mahaifiyarsu. Masana ilmin namun daji suna jayayya cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi hasashe tun farko kan waɗanne irin halaye ne zaurawa zasu gāda daga mahaifinta, wanda mahaifinsa zai mallaka. Tare da taurin kai, natsuwa, kame kai, na yau da kullun da kuma jimiri suna rayuwa daidai a cikinsu. Cikakken dabbobin da aka ɗorawa suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa - har zuwa kilomita 10-13 ba tare da tsayawa ba. Wadannan halayen ana daukar su da matukar kima a tsakanin mazauna tsaunuka da yankunan da suke kan hanya da kuma yankunan da suke nesa da wayewa da matsuguni.
Dawakai suna yin sautuka wanda yayi kama da cakudawar dawakai da kukan jaki. Wasu mutane na iya haɓaka saurin gudu tare da tazara mai nisa. Hinny masu kiwo suna ɗaukar juriyarsa ga cututtuka daban-daban babbar fa'ida, wanda ke sauƙaƙa kulawarsu kuma yana ƙaruwa da ran dabbobi. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 60-70, yayin da suke ci gaba da aiki tsawan shekaru 30-35.
Malaman zooji sun rarrabe halaye masu zuwa na alfadari:
- haƙuri;
- juriya;
- kwanciyar hankali;
- undemanding zuwa abinci da kulawa;
- wanda aka cire
Idan maigidan ya kula da dabbar da kyau, to da sauri zai shaƙu da ita kuma ya ba da haƙuri da biyayya. Masana ilmin namun daji sun ce yana da kyau a dauki dabbobi domin neman ilimi tun suna kanana. Don haka ya fi sauƙi a gare su su daidaita kuma su saba da sababbin yanayin tsarewa, kusanci da mutum.
Ana ba da shawarar jawo hankalin dabbobi don yin aiki mai nauyi ba a baya ba cikin shekaru uku zuwa uku da rabi. Bayan shekara guda da rabi, za su iya daidaitawa kuma a hankali za ku iya ƙara nauyin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Wasu alfadarai
Daya daga cikin mafi rashin alfanun alfadari shine rashin karfin ta. Ana kiwon dabbobi ta hanyar haye dawakai tare da jakuna. Dangane da ƙididdiga, duk mazan da aka haifa ta wannan hanyar ba za su iya haihuwar zuriya ba. Daga cikin mata, akwai wasu mutane na daban da zasu iya haihuwar zuriya. An bayyana wannan rashi daga mahangar kimiyya ta wani takamaiman tsarin chromosome.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya sun yi nasarar tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da daidaikun mata wadanda ba su iya daukar ciki ba a matsayin uwaye masu maye, ma’ana, su haifi ‘ya’ya bayan an dasa su da amfrayo. Wannan fasalin na masu amfani da shi don keɓaɓɓiyar zuriya daga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dawakai.
Saboda kasancewar maza ba su iya haihuwa ba, sai a jingina su zuwa shekaru biyu. Jariri sabbin haihuwa kusan basa buƙatar wani ilimi da ƙwarewa na musamman. Kuna buƙatar kula da su kamar yadda ake yi wa ƙananan ƙurare. Lokacin zabar wuri don kiyaye 'ya'yan, dole ne a tuna cewa suna da saurin hankali ga sanyi da zane. Idan an haife jariran a lokacin sanyi, suna bukatar a sanya su a cikin rufaffiyar iska mai iska. Za a iya fitar da dabbobin a sararin sama, amma ya kamata su kasance a wurin da ba su wuce awa 2.5-3 ba a rana.
Tare da farkon lokacin bazara, dabbobi su zama a waje muddin zai yiwu. Matsakaicin rayuwar dabba shine shekaru 35-40. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma aka ba shi kyakkyawar kulawa, tsawon rai zai ƙaru zuwa shekaru 50-60.
Abokan gaba na alfadarai
Hotuna: Loshak a cikin yanayi
Loshak dabba ce wacce ake keɓance ta a gida kawai. Sakamakon haka, bashi da abokan gaba na zahiri. Saboda rigakafin da ke ci gaba, da wuya ya kamu da rashin lafiya, don haka kusan babu takamaiman cututtuka a cikin dabbobi.
Koyaya, har yanzu masana ilimin dabbobi sun bayyana matsaloli da dama da barazana ga rayuwa da lafiyar dabbobi. Sakamakon Achondroplasia yana haifar da maye gurbi a cikin tayi da kuma jariran da aka haifa. Alamar maye gurbi da cututtukan cututtuka a cikin jarirai sabbin hanu ne gajere, gajerun gaɓoɓi da suka shafi jiki, da gajarta mai gajarta.
Wadannan dabbobin ba su da alamun cututtukan cututtukan ciki, kofato, cututtukan mahaɗa. A cikin dukkanin tarihin kasancewar alfadarin, waɗannan cututtukan ba a taɓa yin rajista ba.
Akwai cututtukan cuta da yawa waɗanda zasu iya faruwa wasu lokuta a cikin waɗannan dabbobin:
- avitaminosis... Yana faruwa tare da talauci, rashin dacewa ko daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Yana nuna kansa cikin rashin ƙarfi, rage aiki, asarar gashi.
- epizootic lymphangitis... Cututtuka mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar cryptococcus.
- MALAMAI... Cuta mai saurin yaduwa wacce takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da ita. Idan aka gano wani mai hankali tare da wannan cuta, to ana jin daɗinsa, tunda yana da haɗari ba kawai ga sauran dabbobi ba, har ma ga mutane.
- cutar kiwo... Wakilin da ke haifar da cutar shine trypanosome. Jikin dabbobi yana lulluɓe da murtsattsun mahaifa, al'aura suna ƙaruwa kuma suna da ƙarfi, a cikin mawuyacin hali, ana lura da shanyewar gaba ɗaya rabin jikin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Loshak
Kwanan nan, shahara da buƙata na waɗannan matasan suna saurin faɗuwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ci gaban fasaha da bayyanar kayan aikin gona da yawa. Dangane da ƙididdigar masanan, a yau dabbobin alfadarin sun kai kimanin 4,000,000 - 5,000,000. A cikin duniyar zamani, waɗannan dabbobin ba su da buƙata sosai, tunda mutane da yawa suna son maye gurbinsu da kayan aiki na musamman. Koyaya, akwai yankuna inda suka kasance mataimaka masu mahimmanci. A Amurka, manoma masu zaman kansu suna kiwon waɗannan dabbobin a bayan gidansu kuma suna amfani da su azaman aiki.
A wasu ƙasashe, ana fitar da su musamman don shirya gasa na wasanni, tsere. Suna da sauƙin horo. Banda yana gudana tare da shawo kan matsalolin, tunda ba za su iya tsallake kan matsalolin matsaloli daban-daban ba.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun lura cewa kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Amurka suna kan gaba a fagen kiwo da yawan wadannan ungiyoyin. A yau, kusan Turawa ba sa kiwon wannan dabba. Yawan mutane ya dogara gaba daya ga mutum da buƙatar ƙirƙirar alfadarin da aka ƙera.
Loshak, kamar alfadari, dabba ce mai nutsuwa, mai haƙuri da aiki tuƙuru. Idan ya fara zama mai kamewa, ko mai taurin kai, ya zama dole a binciki siffofin kula da dabba, wata kila a sake tsarin abincin.
Ranar bugawa: 04/19/2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.02.2020 a 19:06
