Mikiya tsuntsu Bayani, fasali, nau'ikan rayuwa, da kuma mazaunin gaggafa

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Mikiya yana da kamannin kamannin mai zalunci. An fassara sunan tsuntsu daga Girkanci kamar gaggafa. Lallai yana kama da gaggafa. Amma ba shi da fuka-fukai a kan kafafunsa. Powerfularin baki mai ƙarfi. Akwai nuances a cikin siffar fuka-fuki da wutsiya, wanda ya faru ne saboda bambancin hanyoyin farauta.

Babu sunayen daban na mikiya da mikiya a cikin Turanci. Dukansu ana kiransu gaggafa, watau gaggafa.

Bayani da fasali

Mikiya tana daya daga cikin manya manyan kyawawan masu fuka-fukai. Nauyi ya kai kilogiram 7, kuma mikiyar teku ta Steller na iya kaiwa kilo 9. Matsakaitan da suka dace: tsawon jiki har zuwa santimita 120, tsawon reshe har zuwa santimita 75, fikafikan har zuwa santimita 250.

A kan karamin, mai kyau, mai motsi, akwai wani kyakkyawan abin tsuntsu na abin tsuntsu. Yana da cikakkiyar haɗuwa da launin rawaya mai gargaɗi. Girman baki (santimita 8 daga tushe zuwa tip) yana nuna cewa tsuntsun ya fi son manyan dabbobi. Don dacewa da baki, launin idanu masu zurfin-zurfi, suma rawaya ne. Wuya tana bawa kai damar juya kusan digiri 180.

Fuka-fukan suna da fadi. Yayin tashi, ana yada gashin fuka-fukai zuwa ga bangarorin, yankin fika-fikai yana karuwa sosai. Wannan yana tabbatar da ɗimbin tattalin arziki da tasiri mai inganci a igiyoyin ruwan sama.

Wutsiyar mai kama da sifa tana taimakawa wajen yin rikitarwa, kusan dabarun acrobatic. Siffar gaggafa: paafafun rawaya ba a rufe ta da gashin tsuntsu har zuwa yatsun kafa ba. Yatsun launi iri ɗaya ne da ƙafafu, har zuwa tsawon santimita 15, yana ƙare da ƙusoshin ƙugiyoyi masu ƙarfi.

Babban launi na fuka-fukai launin ruwan kasa ne tare da zane-zane. Wasu nau'ikan suna da facin fararen fata masu yawa a sassan jiki daban-daban. Launi na abin hawa yana canzawa sosai tare da shekaru. Launi ya zama tsayayye kawai ta shekaru 8-10. Fuka-fukan farko suna launin ruwan kasa iri ɗaya.

Na biyu na narkewa yana kawo iri-iri a cikin faffadan farar fata. Molt na uku shine tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin zuwa inuwa ta ƙarshe. Ya fara tasawa, launi na ƙarshe ana samunsa ne bayan ta biyar.

Tsuntsu yana da matukar birgewa, amma kukanta ba mai ban tsoro bane. Yana haifar da kururuwa da busa. Za a iya maye gurbin babban sauti da sauti mai kama da ƙarar sanyi. Kukan birdsan tsuntsayen ya kara kara.

Da wuya tsuntsaye su canza zuwa sautin sadarwa. Wannan yafi faruwa yayin canza abokan a kan gida.

Jima'i dimorphism yana da rauni. Ya ƙunshi musamman a cikin bambanci a cikin girman mata da maza. Amma gaggafa sun kaura daga ƙa'idar ƙa'idar al'ada. Matansu sun fi na maza girma (da kashi 15-20).

Wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin speciesan jinsunan tsuntsayen ganima. An bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa mafi girman haƙƙin barin zuriya ba karɓar manyan maza bane, amma waɗanda zasu iya farautar ƙananan ganima a lokacin ciyar da kajin.

Irin

Dangane da masu nazarin halittu, gaggafa (Haliaeetus) ta kasance daga dangin masu suna iri daya, mikiya (Haliaeetinae), na dangin shaho, wanda ake dangantawa da tsari irin na shaho. Masana kimiyya sun raba wannan jinsin zuwa jinsuna takwas.

  • Mafi na kowa kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma shine gaggafa fari-wutsi... Masana ilmin dabbobi sun kira shi Haliaeetus albicilla. Sunan yana nuna alama ta musamman - fararen launi na jela. Yana yin gida a Turai, a Asiya arewacin Himalayas, gami da Japan. An samo shi a kudu maso yammacin Greenland.

  • Yana rayuwa kuma yana haifar da zuriya a Arewacin Amurka mikiya mai kauri. Sunan Latin dinsa Haliaeetus leucocephalus. A waje, bambanci mai ban mamaki yana bayyana a cikin sunansa. Wannan gaggafa tana da fararen fuka-fukai a kanta. Asalin abincin sa shine kifi. Na dogon lokaci an sanya ta a cikin jinsunan da suka shuɗe. Amma tsananin tsaron yasa kanta ji.

A ƙarshen karni na 20, maimakon matsayin, ɓatattu sun karɓi matsayin masu haɗari. Akwai wani ingancin da babu kamarsa - babu tsuntsu a Amurka da yake gina irin waɗannan manyan nests. A tushe, zasu iya kaiwa mita 4.

  • Mikiya ta teku - mafi girma nau'in. A cikin rarrabuwa ana kiranta Haliaeetus pelagicus. Tana zaune a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, gami da tsaunukan Koryak, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, arewacin China, da Yankin Koriya. Filayen launin ruwan kasa masu duhu da fararen fata a kafaɗun sune manyan abubuwan da ke launinta. A cikin Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Rasha, akwai kusan mutane 4,000, wanda aka ɗauka lamba mai kyau don gaggafa a teku.

  • An rarraba gaggafa mai dauke da farin ciki a gabar tekun nahiyoyi da tsibirai na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, daga gabar Indiya zuwa Philippines, kuma ana samun sa a arewacin Australia. Kunshe a cikin mai rarrabewa ƙarƙashin sunan Haliaeetus leucogaster. Wannan tsuntsu yana da menu mafi banbanci kuma ya fi saurin cin mushe fiye da sauran nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. Wasu lokuta Australiya suna kiranta jan mikiya saboda launin ruwan kasa na samarin tsuntsaye.

  • Mikiya mai dogon lokaci tana da farin kai wanda aka rufe da hood mai haske. Kimiyyar kimiyya an san ta da Haliaeetus leucoryphus. Yana zaune ne a tsakiyar Asiya, a gabashin ya isa Mongolia da China, a kudu - zuwa Indiya, Pakistan, Burma.

  • Screamer Mikiya dan Afirka ne. Ikonsa na samar da kururuwar da ba a saba gani ba ya bayyana a cikin sunan Latin: Haliaeetus vocifer. Tana yin shuka a duk Afirka, ban da Sahara. Rabin farko na sunan wannan tsuntsu, kamar kowane mikiya, ya fito ne daga tsohuwar kalmar Helenanci mai ma'anar gaggafa. Bangaren Faransa mai suna Francois Levalan ne ya kashin kashi na biyu na sunan wannan tsuntsu.

  • Madagascar Screamer Eagle tsibiri ne mazaunin Tekun Indiya. A cikin Latin ana kiranta Haliaeetus vociferoides. Yana da wani endemic jinsin. Tana zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu dausayi na Madagascar. Ba a sani ba idan wannan jinsin ya wanzu yanzu. A 1980, masana kimiyya sun kirga nau'i-nau'i 25 kawai.

  • Mikiya ta Sanford (Haliaeetus sanfordi) tana kiwon kaji a tsibirin Solomon. A cikin girmamawa wani lokaci ake kira shi. Yana da endemic. An bayyana kawai a cikin 1935. A wannan lokacin, Dokta Leonard Sanford shi ne wakilin Amurkan Amurka don Tarihin Halitta. Don gida, ya fi son bakin teku, wanda ya tashi sama da ruwa.

Rayuwa da mazauni

Gidajen gaggafa na gaggafa ya faro daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa Ostiraliya, gami da Greenland, Afirka, yawancin Eurasia, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Japan da tsibirin tsibirin Malay.

Tsuntsaye galibi ba sa zama, amma a ƙarƙashin matsin yanayi suna iya yawo. Waɗannan yanayi na iya zama: lokacin sanyi mai raɗaɗi, raguwar wasa, ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane. Daga nan tsuntsayen za su fara yawo da abinci, suna canza wuraren zama.

Duk jinsunan wannan tsuntsayen sun fi son zama kusa da ruwa. Don farauta mai nasara, gaggafa biyu tana buƙatar yanki mai tsayin kilomita 10 da jimlar kadada 8.

Kari akan haka, dole ne a sami isasshen adadin yiwuwar ganima. Wani yanayin don zaɓar sararin zama shine nesa daga gidajen mutane da wuraren tattalin arziki.

Marasa tudu, yankuna masu hamada basu dace da tsuntsaye ba koda a gaban manyan ruwaye a kusa. Gandun daji masu hade da gauraye, sassaucin ra'ayi mara kyau ya koma duwatsu - irin wannan shimfidar wuri yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye su shirya gida.

Gina Jiki

Akwai manyan abubuwa guda biyar a cikin menu mikiya. Da farko dai, wadannan sune kifin matsakaici. Tsuntsayen ruwa ko tsuntsayen da ke kusa-ruwa shima abin maraba ne. Wasan ƙasa wanda yake da girma daban-daban daga rodents zuwa fox shine makasudin waɗannan mafarautan. Ba sa raina masu amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe daga kwaɗi zuwa macizai. Duk da sunan da suke da shi a matsayin mai cin nasara, amma mikiya na jin daɗin farauta.

Masunta gaggafa, hoto da bidiyon da zaku iya nazarin wannan aikin da kuka ƙware sosai. Manyan kifaye suna kan dubawa a cikin jirgin sama ko kan wata babbar bishiya.

Tsayar da jirgin sama ya shiga cikin lokacin jirgin mai aiki. Mai farautar ya kai hari cikin sauri fiye da kilomita 40-50 a cikin awa daya kuma ya kamo kifi tare da wasu fika a haɗe. Ana yin azumin da sauri mikiya, tsuntsu yana kulawa bai jike gashinsa ba. Yankan nama da cin kifin da aka kama na iya farawa cikin gudu.

Lokacin farautar agwagwa, gaggafa ta sauko sau da yawa. Ya tilasta tsuntsayen ruwa yin nutsuwa akai-akai. A sakamakon haka, wanda aka azabtar ya gaji kuma ya kasa yin tsayayya. Mai farauta yana kai wa wasu tsuntsayen iska.

Ya tashi sama daga ƙasa, ya juya ya soki ƙafafuwansa cikin kirjin abin farauta. A lokacin farautar, tsuntsun ya tuna - masu fafatawa ba sa barci. Sata da yaye abinci abu ne gama gari. Sabili da haka, aikin ba wai kawai kama tsuntsu ko kifi ba, amma kuma don saurin isar da shi zuwa ɓoyayyen wuri don cin abinci.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Daidaitawa cikin dangantaka tare da abokin tarayya ƙa'idar yawancin tsuntsaye ne masu ganima. Ba banda gaggafa tsuntsu ne yin ma'aurata har tsawon rayuwa. Irin wannan haɗuwar ta mata da maza yawanci yakan haifar da almara cewa idan tsuntsu ɗaya ya mutu, na biyun ya mutu. Ba a san shi tabbatacce ba, amma akwai alama sauran tsuntsayen da suka rage suna saduwa da sabon abokin zama.

A shekaru 4, tsuntsaye suna shirye tsawaita yanayin. (Mikiya na teku sun fara hayayyafa daga baya, yana da shekara 7). Ba a fahimci tsarin zaɓar abokin tarayya ba. Amma daga Maris-Afrilu, an kafa ma'aurata kuma ana fara wasannin mating. Sun kunshi jiragen hadin gwiwa.

Tsuntsaye suna bin juna, yin bala'in iska da sauran motsi na acrobatic. Ya zama matsakaici tsakanin gwagwarmayar iska da rawa. Urtsauratar aure bawai kawai ga sabbin ma'aurata suka mamayeta ba, harma da waɗanda suke.

Bayan wasannin iska, lokaci yayi da za a kula da gida. Ma'aurata matasa sun zaɓi wuri kuma sun kafa sabon mafaka. Tsuntsayen da ke da kwarewar iyali suna gyarawa kuma suna gini a kan tsohuwar sheƙarsu. Yana zaune a kan katuwar bishiya ko raƙuman dutse.

Babban kayan gini don mazaunin shine rassa, a ciki an lullubeshi da ciyawa bushe. A tushe, mazaunin 'ya'ya ya kai mita 2.5. Tsayin na iya zama mai mahimmanci (mita 1-2) kuma ya dogara da adadin gyare-gyare (manyan gine-gine) da aka yi.

Bayan an gama gyarawa da aikin gini, tsuntsaye suna saduwa. Mafi sau da yawa, mace tana yin ƙwai biyu. Kamawar ƙwai ɗaya ko uku suna faruwa. Mace koyaushe tayi. Wani lokaci ana maye gurbinsa da namiji.

Kajin marasa taimako suna bayyana bayan kwana 35-45. Mace takan zauna a cikin gida na wasu kwanaki 15-20, tana karewa da kuma ɗumama ɗiyan. Namiji yana kai abinci gida gida - wannan shine babban aikin sa. Idan kaji uku sun kyankyashe, karamin zai mutu, saboda tsananin gasar abinci.

Bayan kamar watanni 2.5, samari sun tashi daga cikin gida a karo na farko. Yawo wani lokacin yakan yi kama da faɗuwa. A wannan yanayin, dan wasan yakan motsa ne da kafa, kafin fuka-fuki ya zama yana da karfi sosai.

Eananan gaggafa sun zama tsuntsaye na ainihi a cikin watanni 3-3.5 daga lokacin da aka haife su. A karkashin yanayin yanayi mai dacewa, ma'aurata zasu iya tashi zuwa ƙarni biyu a cikin kaka ɗaya.

Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin yanayi shekaru 23-27. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa nau'in gaggafa suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna da yawa, a cikin yanayi daban. Saboda haka, bayanai kan lokacin abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar tsuntsaye na iya zama daban.

Ko da yawansu ya kai dubbai farin mikiya a cikin littafin ja da aka jera a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Wasu daga cikin gaggafa sun kusan kare, wasu na iya bacewa a cikin karni na 21. Sabili da haka, ana kiyaye su ta hanyar jihohi da yarjejeniyar tsakanin ƙasashe.

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: Cin Gindin libra. Muneerat Abdulsalam (Afrilu 2025).