Wanene ke zaune a ƙasan tekun, ko fasalin wutar jahannama
Wannan mollusk din yana rayuwa ne a zurfin inda kusan babu iskar oxygen. Ba jan jini mai dumi bane ke gudana a jikinsa, amma shuɗi. Wataƙila shi ya sa, a farkon ƙarni na 20, masanan kimiyyar dabbobi suka yanke shawara cewa ko yaya ya yi kama da mugunta, kuma suka kira ɓarna - wutar jahannama.
Gaskiya ne, a cikin 1903 masanin kimiyyar dabbobi Kard Hun ya ayyana mollusk ba a matsayin "dodo" mai zuwa ba, amma a matsayin dangin dorinar ruwa. Me yasa aka lakafta wutar jahannama haka?, bashi da wahala. Ana haɗa alfarwarsa da membrane, wanda a waje yake kama da alkyabba, invertebrate yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja, kuma yana rayuwa a cikin zurfin duhu.
Fasali da mazaunin gidan wuta
Tun lokaci, ya bayyana sarai cewa masanin dabbobin ya yi kuskure, kuma, duk da cewa mollusk yana da fasali iri ɗaya tare da dorinar ruwa, ba danginsa ba ne kai tsaye. Ba za a iya danganta "dodo" da ke cikin ruwan ba ga squid shima.
A sakamakon haka, an sanya wutan jahannama wani bangare daban, wanda ake kira da Latin - "Vampyromorphida". Babban bambancin dake tsakanin mazaunin karkashin ruwa da squid da dorinar ruwa shine kasantuwa a cikin jikin fuskoki mai kama da bulala, wato, filaments na furotin da vampire ba zai iya yankewa ba.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani ta hoto, jahannama vampire jiki yana gelatinous. Tana da tanti 8, kowane ɗayan yana "ɗauke da" kofi na tsotsa a ƙarshen, an rufe shi da allurai masu taushi da eriya. Girman mollusk yana da tsaka-tsakin yanayi, ya fara tsakanin santimita 15 zuwa 30.
Smallaramin "dodo" na ƙarƙashin ruwa na iya zama ja, launin ruwan kasa, da shunayya har ma da baƙar fata. Launi ya dogara da hasken da yake ciki. Bugu da kari, mollusk na iya canza launin idanun sa zuwa shudi ko ja. Idanun dabbobin kansu bayyane ne kuma manya-manya ga jikinsu. Sun kai milimita 25 a diamita.
Manya "vampires" suna alfahari da fincin kamannin kunne waɗanda suka tsiro daga "alkyabbar". Ppingaddamar da fikafikansa, mollusk ɗin yana tashi sama a cikin zurfin teku. Dukkanin jikin dabbar an rufe shi da hotunan hoto, ma'ana, tare da gabobin haske. Tare da taimakonsu, mollusk na iya ƙirƙirar walƙiya na haske, ta ɓata haɗarin "abokan zama" na cikin ruwa mai haɗari.
A cikin Tekun Duniya, a zurfin mita 600 zuwa 1000 (wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imani har zuwa mita 3000), inda gidan wuta yake zaune, babu kusan oxygen. Akwai abin da ake kira "oxygen minimum zone".
Baya ga vampire, babu wata kwayar halittar cephalopod mollusc da aka sani ga kimiyya da ke rayuwa a irin wannan zurfin. Masana ilmin dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa mazaunin ne ya ba wa lahira wani fasali, farfajiyar ta banbanta da sauran mazaunan da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ta hanyar ƙananan matakin ƙarancin aiki.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar jahannama
Ana samun bayani game da wannan dabbar da ba a saba da ita ta amfani da motoci masu zurfin zurfin ruwa. A cikin bauta, yana da wuya a fahimci ainihin halayen mollusk, saboda yana cikin matsi na kullun kuma yana ƙoƙari ya kare kansa daga masana kimiyya. Kamarorin da ke karkashin ruwa sun yi rikodin cewa "vampires" suna ta zirga-zirga tare da yanayin zurfin teku. A lokaci guda, suna sakin velar flagella.
Mazaunin da ke karkashin ruwa ya firgita da duk wani abin da ya shafi tutar tare da wani abu na baƙon, mollusk ɗin ya fara shawagi a hankali daga yiwuwar haɗari. Gudun motsi ya kai tsayi biyu na jikinsa duk sakan.
"Littleananan dodannin" ba za su iya kare kansu da gaske ba. Saboda rauni mai tsoka, koyaushe zaɓi yanayin kariyar makamashi. Misali, suna sakin nasu haske mai launin shudi, yana bata yanayin halittar dabbar, hakan yasa yake da wahalar tantance ainihin wurin.
Sabanin haka dorinar ruwa, gidan wuta bashi da jakar tawada. A cikin mawuyacin hali, mollusk yana sakin ƙoshin jikin mutum daga tantin, ma'ana, ƙwallan da ke haskakawa, kuma yayin da mai farautar ya makance, yana ƙoƙarin yin iyo zuwa cikin duhu. Wannan hanyace mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta kariyar kai saboda yana ɗaukar makamashi mai yawa don murmurewa.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, mazaunin karkashin ruwa yana ceton kansa tare da taimakon "kabewa matsayi". A ciki, mollusk yana juya alfarwar a ciki kuma ya rufe jiki da su. Don haka ya zama kamar ƙwallo mai allura. Tankin da mai farauta ya cinye, dabba da daɗewa ta sake girma.
Ciyar da Vampire na Infernal
Na dogon lokaci, masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun gamsu da cewa wutar jahannama masu cin wuta ne masu cin ganyayyaki a kan ƙananan crustaceans. Kamar dai suna amfani da filafilin-bulalansu ne, "mugunta" a ƙarƙashin ruwa yana gurguntar da talakawan jatan lande. Sannan kuma tare da taimakonsu yana tsotse jinin wanda aka azabtar. An ɗauka cewa jini ne ke taimakawa wajen dawo da ƙwarin bioluminescent da aka kashe akan masu cin abincin.
Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa kifin kifin ba mai yanke jini ba ne kwata-kwata. Akasin haka, ba kamar guda ba squid, jahannama vampire yana haifar da zaman lafiya. Bayan lokaci, tarkacen ruwa suna makalewa a gashin gashin zakin, dabbar ta tattara wadannan "kayan" tare da taimakon tanti, ta cakuda shi da laka, ta ci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na gidan wuta
Mazaunin karkashin ruwa yana jagorantar salon rayuwa shi kaɗai, ba da haihuwa ba. Haɗuwa da mutane na jinsi daban daban yakan faru ne kwatsam. Tunda mace ba ta shirya irin wannan saduwa ba, to za ta iya ɗaukar kwayar cutar maniyyi har na dogon lokaci, wanda namiji ya dasa mata. Idan za ta yiwu, sai ta ba su taki, kuma ta ɗauki ɗaukan har zuwa kwanaki 400.
A cewar wata ka'ida, ana zaton cewa mace mai wutan jahannama, kamar sauran cephalopods, tana mutuwa ne bayan ta farko da ta fara haihuwa. Masanin kimiyya daga Netherlands Henk-Jan Hoving ya yi imanin cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane. Yayinda yake nazarin tsarin halittar kwan mace na mazaunin karkashin ruwa, masanin ya gano cewa mace mafi girma ta haihu sau 38.
A lokaci guda, akwai “caji” a cikin ƙwai don wasu ƙwayoyin 65. Duk da yake waɗannan bayanan suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike, amma idan ya tabbata cewa sun yi daidai, wannan yana nufin cewa cephalopods mai zurfin teku na iya hayayyafa har sau ɗari a rayuwarsu. Kubiyoni jahannama ta zama ruwan wuta haifaffen cikakken kwafin iyayensu. Amma karami, kimanin milimita 8 a tsayi.
Da farko, a bayyane suke, ba su da membran da ke tsakanin alfarwansu, kuma har yanzu alamunsu bai cika cika ba. Jarirai suna cin abincin da ya rage daga saman teku. Tsammani na rayuwa yana da matukar wahalar lissafi. A cikin bauta, mollusk baya rayuwa tsawon watanni biyu.
Amma idan kun yi imani da binciken Hoving, to mata za su rayu na shekaru da yawa, kuma sun kasance masu shekaru ɗari a cikin cephalopods. Koyaya, yayin da wutar jahannama bata yi cikakken nazari ba, watakila nan gaba zai tona asirinsa, kuma ya nuna kansa daga sabon bangare.
