Amphibians suna korar mutane da yawa. Kadan ne ke farin ciki da macizai, kwadi da toads. Koyaya, a tsakanin su akwai dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, dabbobin da ba a saba dasu ba tare da haske, launi mai ƙarancin tunawa. Irin waɗannan halittu galibi suna jawo hankali, amma sune waɗanda suke da haɗarin gaske ga wasu. Kwarin rana ya yi fice a tsakanin su.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: itace kwado
Kwarin bishiyar ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "Hylidae", wanda ke nufin tsohuwar halayen Hellenanci Hilas ("gandun daji"). Sau da yawa muna kiran irin waɗannan amphibians bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ko kwaɗin itace. Sunan Rashanci don ƙwarin bishiyar ya bayyana ne kawai saboda yanayin halayen waɗannan dabbobin. Kwayoyin bishiyoyi, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, suna da ƙarfi sosai.
Wannan dabba ta kasance ta tsari ne na amphibians mara tushe, dangin bishiyar bishiyar rana. An wakilta shi cikin yanayi. A yau akwai nau'ikan bishiyar bishiya sama da ɗari takwas. Kowane nau'in yana da wasu sifofi na waje, halaye da halayyar halayya. Duk wakilai na wannan dangi ana rarrabe su da bayanan waje na ban mamaki, ƙwarewa ta musamman don canza launi dangane da yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi.
Bidiyo: Itace Frog
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan kwadi ba, kwadin bishiyoyi siriri ne kuma baƙon abu a mazauninsu. Waɗannan amphibians suna kusan kusan rayuwarsu duka a cikin daji, bishiyoyi waɗanda suke girma a bankunan tafkunan ruwa. Hakanan ana rarrabe su da ƙananan girmansu. Yawancin nau'ikan kwadin bishiyar basu wuce santimita bakwai ba. Koyaya, akwai wasu banda. A dabi'a, akwai mutane waɗanda tsayinsu ya kai santimita arba'in.
Hakanan nau'ikan yana kasancewa da kasancewar masu shayarwa na musamman akan ƙafafun, launi mai haske ƙwarai. Kofunan tsotsa suna taimakawa amphibian don hawa saman saman. Launin jiki baƙon abu ne sosai, yana jan hankali. Koyaya, daidai irin wannan launi mai haske ne wanda ke gargaɗi ga makiya cewa wannan halittar na iya zama mai guba kuma yana da kyau a hanzarta yin watsi da ra'ayin cin kwaɗin itace.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kwarin koren itace
Dangane da halayenta na waje, za a iya siffar kwado bishiya kamar haka:
- fayafayan faya faya a kafa. Wannan dabi'ar ta hada dukkan nau'ikan kwadin bishiyar. Kofunan tsotsa suna haifar da wuri wanda zai bawa dabba damar hawa bishiyoyi, bushes, ganye. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mutane suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin ci gaba da “mannewa” a tsaye. Amma koda anan dabi'a ta hango komai - irin wadannan kwadi suna da tsari na musamman na yatsun hannu a gabar jiki. Da taimakonsu ne wani amphibian zai iya mannewa da rassa, shuke-shuke;
- canza launi Launin bishiyar ya dogara da nau'in. Akwai daidaikun mutane masu launuka daga kore zuwa ja mai haske tare da saki da ratsi iri daban-daban. Yawancin su har yanzu suna da kyamarar kamala: kore-launin ruwan kasa. Yana taimaka wa ɗan kwado da sauƙi ya ɓace cikin tarin ganye a cikin bishiyoyi;
- gajeren gajeren jiki. Yawancin lokaci kusan santimita bakwai ne, kawai a wasu lokuta ana samun manyan mutane;
- manyan idanu, fitattu, galibi tare da daliban kwance. Irin wannan tsari na idanu yana bawa amphibians damar samun hangen nesa da yawa, don farauta cikin sauki, zuwa tsallake lafiya daga wani reshe zuwa wani;
- kasancewar jakar makogwaro a cikin maza. Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji a bishiya. Alamar mafi mahimmanci ita ce kasancewar jakar makogwaro. Maza ne kawai ke da shi. Lokacin da aka kumbura, irin wannan jaka na iya yin sauti. Bugu da ƙari, maza koyaushe sun fi mata ƙanƙanci.
Kwarin bishiyar babu irinsa! Jikinta zai iya jure kusan daskarewa sosai. Wannan yana yiwuwa ne saboda kasancewar glycine a cikin jiki. Yana kiyaye ƙwayoyin jiki daga lalacewa mai yuwuwa, asarar halayensu, kuzarinsu.
A ina ne bishiyar bishiyar take rayuwa?
Photo: itace kwado itace kwado
Mahalli na bishiyoyin arboreal ba ƙarami bane. Sun fi son zama a cikin yanayin yanayi mai yanayi. Sun fi zama a Asiya, Turai. Mazauninsu ya hada da arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Japan, Netherlands, Romania, Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, Russia, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun irin wannan kwaɗin kawai a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya. Iyalinsu a yankin Rasha suna da nau'in nau'i biyu kawai - talakawa da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Ana iya samun adadi mai yawa na bishiyoyi a Tunisia, China, Koriya, Turkiya da Ostiraliya. Hakanan yawancin tsibirin Caribbean suna rayuwa da yawa. Inda ba a wakilci wannan nau'in ba, an zaunar dashi ta wucin gadi. Misali, kwadin bishiyoyi ya bayyana ta wannan hanyar a cikin New Zealand, Guam, New Caledonia, Vanuatu. An sami wasu wakilai, musamman ja arboretum, a cikin ƙananan adadi a cikin gandun daji na Costa Rica da Panama.
Yau bishiyar bishiya na iya zama mazaunin kowane gida. Ana sayar da waɗannan dabbobi a manyan shagunan dabbobi da yawa. Koyaya, kiyaye irin waɗannan amphibians a gida yana buƙatar saka hannun jari mai yawa, ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau - kimanin digiri 23, a tabbatar da danshi da ake buƙata (aƙalla kashi 70%), a wadata terrarium ɗin da itacen dusar ƙanƙara, rassan, tsire-tsire. Idan ba a kiyaye waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba, dabba na iya mutuwa.
Don rayuwa, bishiyoyin arboreal suna zaɓar yankuna masu yanayi mai kyau, daɗaɗɗun ɗimbin yawa da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. An tsirarun jinsuna ne kawai suka fi son zama kai tsaye a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna. A wannan yanayin, suna ba da fifiko ga tafki, tabkuna, kududdufai masu ciyayi masu yawa, inda yawancin kwari suke rayuwa.
Menene ƙwarin itace?
Photo: Guba itace kwado
Tabbas duk masu shaƙatawa suna cin nama. Hakanan kwaɗin bishiyar ba banda bane. Abincin ya dogara da nau'in mutum, girman sa. Suna yawan cin kananan kwari. Abincin ya hada da kudaje, beetles na kasa, kyankyasai, crickets, sauro. Hakanan kwandunan katako suna ciyarwa akan wasu ƙananan invertebrates: ƙananan kwarkwata itacen, slugs, kwandon ƙasa. Lokaci kawai ne kwadi ke cin abinci akan beraye, kadangaru matasa.
Kamar yawancin wakilai na tsari na amphibians mara wutsiya, al'amuran cin naman mutane suna faruwa tsakanin wasu jinsunan arboreal. Wannan yawanci haka lamarin yake ga manya manya waɗanda dabbobin matasa za su iya ci. A yau, kwadin itace yakan zama dabbobi. Koyaya, abincin su bai canza sosai daga wannan ba. Dole ne mai mallakar dabbobin ya samar da wadataccen isassun ƙananan kwari. Akwai tweezers na musamman don sauƙaƙa ciyarwar.
Itatuwan itace suna cinye kwari da sauran abinci a lokacin dumi. Don farauta, sun zaɓi keɓaɓɓun wurare, an sake sanya su cikin ciyayi. Kwarin bishiyar na iya jiran ganima na wasu awowi kwata-kwata a cikin yanayin rashin motsi. Wadannan amphibians galibi suna farauta ne da yamma, da dare. Suna kama ƙananan kwari da dogon harshe, kuma suna taimaka wa kansu su ci su haɗiye manyan abincin da ƙafafunsu na gaba.
Kwadayi ba sa farauta a lokacin sanyi. Sun fara samo wa kansu matsuguni da hibernate. Yayin bacci, karfin jikin mutum yana raguwa sosai. Kwarin bishiyoyi suna rayuwa ne kawai a kan ajiyar kansu. Bugu da ƙari, dabba zai iya tsayayya da kowane zazzabi. Arboretums sun koma mazauninsu na yau da kullun kamar tsakiyar Maris.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Ja-ido mai icen ja-ido
Arboretum tana ciyar da rayuwarta gaba daya a cikin cakuda, wurare masu zafi, dazuzzuka masu rashi, kwarin kogi, a cikin bishiyoyi a bankunan tafki da koguna. Kadan da yawa, ana iya samun sa a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna har ma a gonakin inabi. A cikin tsaunuka, irin wannan dabbar tana rayuwa a mafi girman tsawan mita 1500 sama da matakin teku. Ana iya kiran bishiyar bishiyar halittar ƙasa, saboda yawancin lokacinsa tana kan rassan dazuzzuka, a cikin bishiyoyi da kuma cikin ciyawar dawa.
Wasu nau'ikan dangin suna da biki, yayin da wasu kuma galibinsu babu dare. Amphibians ba sa jin tsoron zafi, sanyi, wanda ke da alaƙa da jinin sanyi. Sai dai a yanayin zafi mara nauyi ne kwadi bishiyoyi ke zuwa mafaka don hunturu. Suna ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, a cikin raƙuman ruwa, a cikin ramuka ko ramuka da aka watsar. A can dabbobi suna fadawa cikin rayayyen motsi, kuma suna farkawa ne kawai a cikin bazara.
An daɗe ana ɗauka amintaccen "mai hangen nesa" na ruwan sama. Jiki na amphibian yana aiki da canjin yanayi. Launinsa ya zama mai duhu A lokaci guda, kwaɗin bishiyoyi sun fara kururuwa da ƙarfi sosai.
Wani fasalin arborealis shine kasancewar ƙanshi mai guba akan fata. Yana kiyaye su daga kwayoyin cuta daban-daban, ƙwayoyin cuta, abokan gaba na halitta. Irin wannan ƙwayar tana samarwa sosai a lokacin haɗari. A wasu ƙasashe, ana amfani da ƙwarjin kwado na itace don yin magani. Yana taimakawa warkar da ciwon suga, yana aiki azaman matakin kariya daga daskarewar jini, yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. Hakanan, bisa tushen ƙashin itacen katako, ana sanya ƙwayoyi masu tsada don haɓaka libido.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: itace kwado
Lokacin kiwo don bishiyoyin arboreal zai fara a ƙarshen Maris. Ya kasance har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Koyaya, lokacin da lokacinsa ya dogara da mazaunin kwadi. A cikin tsaunuka, lokacin saduwa yana farawa kimanin wata ɗaya daga baya. A lokacin lokacin saduwa, wakilan dangi suna yin halayya daban, dangane da jinsin. Koyaya, abu ɗaya bai canzawa ga duka - maza suna jan hankalin mata tare da taimakon jakar makogwaro, wanda ke yin sauti na musamman. Sautin jaka ya banbanta ga kowane nau'in kwado na itace, don haka kwatancen "larura" suka amsa masa.
Idan kwaɗi na itace suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacin hutu a cikin bishiyoyi, to don mating suna sauka ƙasa su tafi ruwa. A cikin ruwan ne ake kwan ƙwai, inda namiji yake taki shi. Wasu 'yan jinsunan bishiyoyin arboreal ne kawai ke haduwa a kasa. A wannan yanayin, ƙwai suna ɓoye a cikin ganyayyaki ko ana ɗauke da kan su har sai tadpoles sun ƙyanƙyashe. A wani lokaci, kwadi mata na iya yin ƙwai fiye da dubu biyu.
Tadpoles na farko sun fito daga ƙwai a cikin kwanaki goma. Lokacin kammalawa zai iya zama ya fi guntu. A wasu nau'in bishiyar bishiyar, yan kwanaki ne kawai. A tsakanin kwanaki hamsin zuwa ɗari, tadpoles a hankali yana zama kama da manyan bishiyoyin arboreal. Cikakken balaga yana faruwa a cikin su kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu ko uku ta rayuwa. Adadin rayuwar kwaɗin bishiyar kuma ya bambanta. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne kawai shekara uku, wasu kuma kimanin shekara tara. A cikin bauta, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci - har zuwa shekaru ashirin.
Abokan gaba na ƙwarin bishiyoyi
Hotuna: Kwarin bishiyar dabba
Kwarin bishiyar, duk da danshi mai guba, yana da makiya na gari da yawa. Sun kewaye ta daga kowane bangare. Tsuntsaye, masu farautar halittu, da manyan dabbobi masu farauta suna farautar kwanton-bauna. Daga cikin tsuntsaye, maƙiyan maƙiyan haɗi na ƙwayoyin itace sune wakilan corvids, duck, pheasant. Hakanan wasu lokuta sukan kawo musu hari ta wasu lokatai daga storks, ibises, heron. Suna iya kama dabba daidai lokacin tashi.
A ƙasa, bishiyoyi, suna cikin haɗari kaɗan. Ba sa kyamar cin naman dawakai, otters, raccoons, boar daji, da ƙananan dabbobi. Mafi munin makiya macizai ne. Itacen ba zai iya ɓoye musu ba koda a bishiya. Macizai cikin dabara suke hawan su. Manyan kwadi da kunkuru masu hatsari suna da haɗari ga kwaɗin itace. Ta wata hanyar, abokan gaba na bishiyar mutane ne. Dabbobi da yawa suna mutuwa a hannun mutane yayin kamawa ko yunƙurin mallakar su.
Idan manya suna da kowace dama don ceton rayukansu, su gudu su ɓuya daga masu farauta, to tadpoles kusan basa da kariya. Sun mutu da adadi mai yawa daga ƙwayoyin ruwa, macizai, kifaye masu cin nama da mazari. Gabaɗaya, kusan duk mazaunan tafki ba sa ƙin cin su. 'Ya'yan kwadi sun sami ceto daga cikakkiyar halaka ta lambar su. Mace na yin kwai kimanin dubu biyu a lokaci guda.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kwarin koren itace
Kwarin bishiyar bishiyar amphibian ce wacce ta yadu a duniya. An gabatar da shi a cikin nau'ikan fiye da 800. Gabaɗaya, wannan dangin a halin yanzu baya fuskantar barazanar halaka. Yawan bishiyar bishiyar itace a matakin da ya dace saboda wadatar su da kyakkyawan haihuwa. An sanya nau'in a Matsayin Consarancin Kulawa da Kulawa. Haɗarin halaka yana da ƙasa ƙwarai. Duk da wannan, yawan wannan dabba a wasu yankuna na raguwa.
Wannan yana tasiri tasirin abubuwa masu zuwa:
- yawan kai hare-hare daga abokan gaba. Mafarauta, tsuntsaye, manyan 'yan amshi suna kashewa kuma suna cin kwaɗi masu yawa;
- kama mutum. Guba ta Arboreal ba ta da haɗari ga mutane. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin kwalliyar sau da yawa ana kama su don ajiyewa a gida. Kwarin kwadi na iya zama cikin zaman talala na kimanin shekaru ashirin. Koyaya, wannan yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar duk yanayin da ake buƙata. Tare da hanya mara kyau, dabbobi da sauri suna mutuwa;
- gurbatar jikin ruwa. Duk da cewa kwadin bishiyar na rayuwa ne a doron kasa, gurbatar ruwan ruwa yana shafar yawan mutanen su. A cikin koguna ne, tafkunan ruwa, tafkunan da yawancin membobin gidan ke kiwo;
- gandun daji da yawa. Rashin sarewa yana hana kwadin bishiyar mazauninsu.
Kwarin rana yana da kyau ƙwarai, na amphibian mai ban mamaki. Ganinsu masu ban sha'awa suna da kyau sosai amma suna yaudara. Bayan launuka masu haske, ƙarami kaɗan, akwai haɗari - jikin kwadin yana fitar da gamsai mai dafi. Koyaya, irin wannan ƙwayar ba ta yin barazana ga rayuwar ɗan adam, amma bayan haɗuwa da wannan kwadin, yana da kyau a wanke hannuwanku da sabulu da ruwa.
Ranar bugawa: 19.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 21:59
