Yawancin karnuka suna nuna halin kirki ga abokai, manya da yara, hangen nesa na baƙi. A cikin ƙasarmu, akwai takaddun da doka ta amince da su na haɗari, karnukan faɗa. Ya haɗa da nau'ikan 12 kuma mestizo ya sauko daga waɗannan nau'in.
Babu jerin wadanda ba m, kyawawan dabbobi. Mafi yawancin lokuta, karnuka masu kirki suna aiki a matsayin abokai. Wadannan dabbobin suna son dukkan danginsu; galibi sukan zama masu renon yara. Toari da yin aiki a matsayin aboki, irin waɗannan karnukan suna da sana'o'in da alheri da juriya ke zuwa da farko.
Tun lokacin Hippocrates sananne ne cewa irin kare hanzarta murmurewar marasa lafiya. Yanzu ana amfani da wannan tasirin don magance cututtukan jiki da na hankali ga manya da yara. Baya ga canistherapy, akwai wuraren da ake amfani da su don karnuka inda alheri ke taka rawa - waɗannan jagorori ne da masu ceto.
Karnuka masu kirki abokan kirki ne ga mutane
St. Bernard
Ofaya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu girma da girma. Dabbobin manya da tsayinsu zuwa 70-92 cm a ƙeƙasasshe na iya yin nauyi daga 65 zuwa 120 kg. St Bernards na farko ya bayyana a tsaunukan Alps, a cikin gidan sufi wanda ke kan hanyar Great Bern Bernard. Dabbobin da suka aza harsashin nau'in sun kasance sun kasance ƙanana da na yanzu. Karnukan sun sami ilimin sufaye, malamai da sufaye sun horar da su don taimakawa matafiya, don bincika, ko da a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, don mutanen da suka ɓace.
Ayyukan ƙwarai ba sa faruwa. Daya daga cikin wakilan jinsin ya daukaka kansa. Ya zama alama ta taimaka wa mutane a cikin duwatsu. Ya ceci aƙalla mutane 40. Sunan kare shi Barry, wanda ke nufin beyar. A cikin nauyi mai nauyi, jiki mai ƙarfi, da kuma wasu abubuwan banƙyama, ana iya ganin siffofin bearish.
Barry ya sanya nau'in shahara. Ta fito ne daga bangon gidan sufi, ta fara haɓaka kamar masu kiwo. An zabi zabin zuwa fadada dabbobi. Saint Bernards sun haɗu tare da manyan mastiffs. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an kai iyakar girman.
An rubuta St. Bernard mafi tsayi a cikin 1895. Jikinta daga ƙarshen hanci har zuwa ƙarshen jelar ya kai mita 2.59. A 1981, an shigar da St. Bernard, wanda ake wa laƙabi da Benedictine V Schwarzwald Hof a cikin littafin bayanai. Nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 143. Wadannan dabbobin tabbas ba manya bane kawai, amma kuma karnuka masu kirki.
Halin karnukan ya kasance iri ɗaya. Kwayoyin halittar mastiffs, ta hanyar jijiyoyin jinin karnukan yaƙi na Daular Roman, ba su sanya St. Bernards mai taurin zuciya ba. A wasu lokuta ana sanya St. Bernards aikin gadi, amma ba ƙwararrun masu tsaro bane ko masu tsaro. Bincike, ayyukan ceton dabbobi masu nauyi na yau suma sun yi musu yawa.
Mafi kyawun duka, St. Bernards sun jimre da rawar sahabbai. A cikin gidaje na birni, har ma da manya, St. Bernards matsattse ne. Gidaje, gidajen ƙasa, ƙauyukan ƙasa - a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, St. Bernards za su yi farin ciki tare da mutanen da ba su da kowa ko kuma babban iyali.
Newfoundland
Newfoundlands manyan karnuka ne masu aiki. Ci gaban maza da suka ci gaba sosai a saman baya yakai kimanin 70. Matsayinsu yakai kilo 70. Chesananan ƙanana 5 zuwa 5 cm mafi ƙanƙanci da wuta mai nauyi 15. Homelandasar karnuka ta bayyana a cikin sunan su - wannan shine tsibirin Newfoundland. Karnuka sun yi aiki tare da masunta tsibirin, suka ja jiragen ruwa, suka jawo taruna, suka kalli yara a gabar teku, na iya fitar da wani mutum da ya nitse.
Aiki mai wuyar gaske, ayyuka daban-daban, buƙatar yin aiki kai tsaye, kasancewa kusa da ruwa ya ƙarfafa jiki da tsokoki, ya sami daidaito a hankali, haɓaka ƙwarewar karnukan. Ara da wannan shine asalin asalin hadaddun Newfoundlands.
Jama'ar Turai sun saba da nau'in a cikin ƙarni na 18. Ma'aikatan Burtaniya sun haɓaka nau'in, sun ƙarfafa kyawawan halayenta. A cikin 1878, an shigar da Newfoundland na farko a cikin Kungiya mai kula da Burtaniya.
Newfoundland ita ce karen da mawakin Byron ya fi so. Ba abin mamaki bane. Karnuka suna da kirki na musamman, suna iyaka da karimci. Newfoundland tana da ƙarfin zuciya, suna tallafawa marasa ƙarfi da yara, ba sa nuna ƙeta. A ciki, wane irin kare ne mai kirki babu shakka Newfoundland ce.
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, sabon tsarkakakken asali Newfoundland ya bayyana a cikin zoben nuna kawai a cikin 1970. Wani kare ne mai suna Gin von d. Hudson Bay. Kodayake, ta amfani da kwayoyin Newfoundlands, an ƙirƙiri kare mai nitsar da Moscow a cikin Union. An gudanar da aikin kiwo tun daga 1940. Mai ba da izinin Moscow bai wuce takaddun shaida ba kuma bai zama asalin ba. Yanzu waɗannan karnuka kusan an manta dasu.
Labrador Mai cin gajiyar aiki
Labradors ƙananan karnuka ne masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Nauyi da girman maza da mata sun ɗan bambanta. Dabbobin manya sunkai kilogram 27-40. Tsayi daga ƙasa zuwa bushe bai wuce cm 57. Labradors ya samo asali ne daga karnuka da aka kawo Ingila daga tsibirin Newfoundland. Zuriyarsu ita ce wadda ake kira "Newaramar Newfoundland".
Masarautar Burtaniya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tana da sha'awar farauta da kiwo tsakanin karnuka. Lambobi da yawa da kuma duke ɗaya sun tsunduma cikin Lobrador. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an sami nau'in karnukan farauta masu hazaka. Waɗannan sune Labrador Retrievers, waɗanda suka kasance kusan babu canji a cikin shekaru 100+ da suka gabata.
Kan Labrador babba ne, tare da canjin yanayi daga goshinsa zuwa hanci. Babu nama, lebe masu faɗuwa. Muƙamuƙan suna da ƙarfi, na matsakaiciyar tsayi, tare da cizon almakashi, tare da cikakken haɗuwa da ƙananan hakoran sama. Idanun suna masu matsakaiciyar girma. Kunnuwa suna faduwa. Musarfin muscular, matsakaicin matsakaici ya ɗora kansa a kan gangar jikin.
Jikin ya yi daidai a cikin murabba'i mai dubun mu. Kirjin yana da karfi, mai zurfi, a cikin kirji mai fadi, gabobin ciki ba su matse ba. Wannan yana tabbatar da babban aiki da juriya na kare. Inungiyar tana da ƙarfi. Wutsiyar tana daidai da tsayin karen a bushe. Mai kauri a tushe, tapering hankali.
Ba a banza ba ne cewa Labrador ya kasance cikin rukunin masu karɓar abubuwa; yana da kyakkyawar jigilar kayan wasa. Labradors yana da bakin da ake kira da laushi. Yana sadar da tsuntsu mai harbi ga mafarauci. Yana aiki sosai akan fadama da wasan sama. Labrador na gudanar da daukar tsuntsu wanda yake boye sosai ta yadda wasu nau'ikan kare ba za su iya samun sa ba.
Yayinda ci gaban birni ke tafiya, Labradors, maimakon mafarauta, ƙara zama abokai ko haɗa duka biyun. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta tawali'u, sadaukarwa, hankali, ƙarfin hali na kare. Labradors an horar dasu don zama mafi kyawun jagora ga makafi. Sau da yawa ana iya samun su a lokacin zaman canistherapy, inda suke aiki a matsayin mafi yawan masu warkarwa.
Golden retriever
The Golden ko Golden Retriever kare ne mai farauta. Maza suna samun nauyi daga kilogiram 27 zuwa 41, mata sun fi sauƙi - daga 25 zuwa 37 kilogiram. Namiji na iya yin girma har zuwa cm 61, ƙwaryar da ba ta wuce cm 56. Wannan shi ne matsakaicin tsayin dabbobi a ƙeƙasassun da ƙirar ta yarda.
The Golden Retriever an haife shi a Scotland. Akwai bayanan karnuka waɗanda suka rayu daga 1835 zuwa 1890 a cikin gidan dangin Lord Tweedmouth. Godiya ga kyakkyawan aiki a ƙarƙashin makamai, ikon kawo wasan gaba ɗaya, daga farkon ƙarni na 20, mafarautan Scotland da Ingila sun fara nuna sha'awar dabbobi. Kare na koyo da kyau, yana koyon dabarun farauta cikin sauki, yana son ruwa, yana iyo sosai.
Ba a iyakance gwanintar cin zinare ga dabarun farauta ba. Kare yana da fara'a da wasa tun daga ƙuruciya har zuwa tsufa. Tare da sadaukarwa ga mai gida da yan uwa. Ya yarda da kutsawar kutse ga ƙananan yara ba tare da damuwa ba.
Cikin hikima, lura da baƙin. Wato, lokacin da kare bai tafi farauta ba, da farin ciki yana aiwatar da ayyukan abokin zama. Maimaitawa gaba ɗaya kuma musamman gwal - mafi kyaun kare... Godiya ga haƙurin ɗabi'arta da kirki, Retan ragon zinare yana da kyau kamar Labrador a kasancewa jagora ko mai warkarwa.
Kuna buƙatar tafiya mai yawa tare da kare ku, in ba haka ba Masu karɓar Zinare na iya rasa surar su kuma fara samun nauyi. Dangane da wannan, ya zama dole a kiyaye ba kawai jadawalin tafiya ba, har ma da abun cikin kalori na abinci. Ofaunar Retan kwaso na Golden yana da kyau koyaushe, mai yiwuwa saboda yanayin farin cikinsu.
Collie
Collie kare ne na kiwo a kwanan nan. A zamaninmu, daga wuraren kiwo na Ingilishi da Scottish, collie ya koma cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu da kuma gidajen birni. Kare bai takaita da matsayin abokin zama ba. Collie har yanzu yana kiwon tumaki a Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya. Ana amfani da nau'in don samun dabbobin aiki masu dacewa na gida ta hanyar haɗuwa da karnukan asali.
Kare mai matsakaiciyar tsayi da haske mai ginawa, tare da hammata mai halin "fox". Nauyinsa bai wuce kilogiram 32 ba. Dabbobi suna da launi a hanyoyi daban-daban. Dogon Jawo galibi ana samunsa ja da duhu da haske mai haske. Adon kwalliya shine farin abin wuya. Black ko blue merle ba sabon abu bane.
Yana da wuya a ambata ainihin halayen kare. Tunda collie ba daya bane, amma da yawa da kuma wadanda ba'a sansu ba. Baya ga kwayoyin halitta, suna hade da gaskiyar cewa hakan ne mai hankali da kirki irin... Lokacin magana game da kullun, galibi suna nufin:
- Sheasar Makiyayan Shepherd Dog - ta wanzu cikin siga biyu: gajere da mai dogon gashi.
- Sheltie karamin kwafi ne na collie.
- Border Collie - Wannan nau'in har yanzu yana kiwon tumaki. Matsayi na farko a cikin darajar karnukan wayo.
- Col Bearded Collie kare ne mai tilastawa, wani lokacin ana amfani dashi don kiwon tumaki.
- Makiyayin Ostiraliya dan kare ne mai aiki da hankali a Amurka.
- Sauran nau'ikan kwalliya.
Asalin tsattsauran ra'ayi da aiki tuƙuru ba su sa wajan zama mai taurin zuciya ba. Collie kare ne mai halaye na gari, mai nutsuwa da halayyar mutum. Suna daga cikin manyan karnukan da suka fi sauƙin horo.
Rayuwar Shepherd ta koyawa karnuka kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali, yayin aiki a matsayin aboki, kare na bukatar tafiya, gudu, tsalle, wasa, da sauran atisaye makamantansu. Saboda haka, collie bai dace da zama kusa da tsofaffi ko masu zaman kansu ba. Amma a cikin iyalai tare da yara masu tasowa, collie yana da amfani ƙwarai.
Poodle
An yi poodle don farauta da gamsar da wofin ɗan adam. Nau'in ya haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan 4 na dabbobi:
- babba, daidaitacce ko poodle na sarauta,
- matsakaici ko ƙaramar poodle,
- dada poodle,
- abin wasan yara.
Babban poodle yayi girma har zuwa 60 cm a busassun, abin wasa-poodle galibi yana ƙasa da cm 28. Sauran suna matsakaici a tsakanin su. FCI ta bayyana nau'in poodle a mizani ɗaya. Matsayi na asali ya ba da launuka biyar na gashi:
- fari,
- baƙar fata,
- launin ruwan kasa,
- launin toka,
- fawn (launin ruwan kasa mai haske).
Nau'in gashin kare na iya zama iri biyu: curly da kuma irin igiya (dreadlocks) .A cikin zane-zanen masu zane na karni na 16, kare yana kama da babban poodle. A cikin karni na 18, kusan an kirkiro nau'in. Poodles sun kasance mazaunan gidajen manyan mutane. Ana nuna wannan a cikin gwanon Francisco Goya. Poodles na toy suna kasancewa tare da Louis XVI koyaushe.
Baya ga zama a gidajen masu hannu da shuni, poodles sun yi ayyukan aiki: sun shiga cikin farautar farauta, musamman ruwa; wani lokacin sukan yi kiwon tumaki. Har yanzu, a wasu wurare, ana amfani da poodle a matsayin kare kare. Babban aikin poodle ya kasance a matsayin abokin tafiya.
Poodles, duk nau'ikan 4, karnuka masu hankali ne, masu sauƙin horarwa da rashin tashin hankali. Jawo mai kauri, a cikin lankwashe da laushi mai laushi, yana ba wa mai gyaran kare damar baje kolin baiwarsu. Yanayin ɗabi'a, hankali da fitaccen fitacce, wanda masu salo suka haɓaka, ya jagoranci karnukan zuwa fagen circus da saitin fim. Poodles suna ɗaya daga cikin nau'in kiɗan da ake yin fim akai-akai.
Basset Hound
Wannan gajeren kafa, mai kunnuwa mai kunnuwa, wanda bai isa ba, nasa ne da farauta. Tuni a cikin ƙarni na 16, an sami irin waɗannan karnuka a Faransa. Kasancewa cikin bin diddigin da bin sahu shine babban aikin Basset. A cikin fassarar daidai daidai, sunan kare yana kama da gajeren gajere, houn da aka keɓe.
Bassetts manyan-kai ne, masu gajeren kafa, dogayen karnuka ne da wutsiyoyi saber. Dabbobi suna da ƙashi mai nauyi. Akwai bayyananniyar fata a fuska. Faduwa, fatar na sanya kare zama mai bakin ciki. Amma kunnuwa masu kunci da kunci suna da manufar aiki. An yi imanin cewa fata na fata suna gano ƙanshin da yake fitowa daga alamun, yana jagorantar shi zuwa hancin hancin.
Duk da bayyananniyar rashin fahimtarsu, Bassets suna da halaye masu kyau da kuma son motsawa. Suna tare sosai a cikin gidan birni, amma bassets suna son sadarwa ta yau da kullun tare da yanayi. Suna farin cikin yin abota. Haƙurin yara da sauran dabbobin gida.
Zub da jini
Babban kare. Asalinta ana amfani dashi ne don farautar barewar da namun daji. Binciken ba kawai dabbobi ba, har ma mutane. An yi imanin cewa a gindin wannan nau'in farauta ne waɗanda suka rayu a Abbey na Belgium na Saint-Hubert a cikin karni na 13. A cikin Turai ana kiranta da hoda-Saint-Tuber.
Maza suna girma har zuwa 68 cm, mata - har zuwa 62. Karnuka suna da nauyi. Maza suna da nauyin kilogiram 54, mata - har zuwa kilogiram 48. Keenanshi mai ƙanshi yana haɗe da haɓakar girma da daidaitaccen taro. A sakamakon haka, duk tarihin kare aiki ne ga mutane. Gudun jini sun yi farauta, bincika, tare da mutane.
Tsohuwar shekaru da suka gabata kusa da mutum ya sanya tunanin kare ya kasance mai nutsuwa sosai. Jinin jini yana da aiki kuma cike yake da kyakkyawan fata, duk da yanayin bakin ciki a idanunsu, wanda fatawar da ke jujjuya fuskokinsu ta ƙirƙira su. The Bloodhound ya raba kunnuwansa da suka lalace da fata mai yawa tare da Basset Hound. Fuskokinsu sun yi kama sosai.
Bichon Frize
Dogsananan karnuka na ƙananan ƙwayoyi - waɗannan sune, da farko, Bichons. Wadannan sun hada da Bichon Frize. Fassara daga Faransanci, sunan su yana kama da curdog, curdog curly. Girman maza da macizai bai wuce cm 29. Dukansu suna da nauyin kilogram 5.
Dogsananan karnukan wannan nau'in sun rayu a tashar jiragen ruwa na Bahar Rum, galibi suna aiki azaman kama ɓera a cikin jirgi. A sakamakon haka, halayen kirkirar kirkira sun kasance yayin aiwatarwa da haduwa da sauran kananan karnuka. A cikin tafiye-tafiyen teku, Bichon Frize ya sadu da masarautar Italia, wanda da sauri kare ya zama mai salo.
Kasancewa mafi ƙaunataccen attajirai, Bichon Frize bai rasa ƙarfin zuciyarta ba, halin farin ciki da motsi. Kare yana da horo sosai, yana iya juyawa zuwa ɓarnar halitta, amma ba ya zama mai tashin hankali. Bichon Frize, saboda girmansa, ya dace sosai a cikin gidan birni. An sami nasarar horar da su. Halin farin ciki da tashin hankali yana buƙatar tafiya na yau da kullun.
Maltese
Karnuka na wannan nau'in ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar Bichon. Wadannan karnuka masu kirki a hoto galibi suna yin hoto kusa da mashahuri. Sunansu na biyu maltese. Ya faru, kamar yadda sunan yake, a cikin Bahar Rum. Kare, saboda shahararsa, yana da sunaye da yawa: kare na matan Roman, Maltese Terrier, Melita (tsohon sunan Malta).
Karnuka suna girma zuwa 20-25 cm kuma nauyinsu bai wuce kilo 4 ba. Mata da maza sun bambanta da ƙananan sifofin sikeli. Spitz, Tibet Terriers ana ɗaukar su a matsayin asalin tushen asalin, amma ba a san asalin karnukan ba. Shafin kare, mai kama da na Malta na yanzu, an samo shi a kan amphora na Girka, wanda aka danganta shekarunsa da 500 BC.
An yi amannar cewa asalin karen mai kama bera ne. Tun daga ƙarni na 18, kare ya yi aikin ado kawai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana aiwatar da aiki don rage girman kare da haɓaka ƙyamar rigar. Gashin gashi na lapdogs na Malta yana da tsayi, madaidaiciya. Kada a sami sutura. Fari ne kawai aka yarda.
Har zuwa tsufa, lapdogs na Malta suna riƙe da halin fara'a da wasa. Suna yin son rai kamar abokan zama. Kullum suna kusa da mai shi.Amma karen da ba shi da kyau yana iya fahimtar yara. Karnuka na iya zama mai yawan magana. Saboda menene, alal misali, a Ostiraliya, suna matsayi na farko a cikin karnukan da aka watsar.
Rumananci
Wannan kare, wanda asalin mahaifarsa a matsayin Pomerania, ana kiransa karamin spitz, dwarf spitz. A cikin tushen harshen Turanci, ana kiran su Dwarf-Spitz ko Toy Spitz. Yana da karamin kare, kawai 20 cm a bushe. Nauyin sa ba safai ya wuce 3 kg ba. Dogaunar kare mai kyau ga yara, mai yiwuwa ne wannan karen yake shugabanta.
Wannan ƙaramin Spitz ya bayyana a ƙarshen karni na 19. Ma'aikatan Burtaniya sun yi ɗokin samun ƙaramin kare, kuma sun samu. Wani kare ya fito dauke da daddare, "fox" muzzam, idanu masu kamannin almon, jiki mai lankwasawa da wutsiya mai taushi, wanda karnukan suka rike a bayansu.
Jawo na Spitz yana da tsayi, fluffy. Matsakaicin yanayin yana ba da izinin launuka fur 11, amma ba ya maraba da gyaran kare. Gyara ne kawai, yanke yanke mai yawa fiye da kima ana ɗaukarsa halal. Pomeranian ya fi kama da abin wasa na Jawo. Halin kare ba abun wasa bane.
Pomeranian ɗan kare ne, mai ƙarfin hali, amma ba kare mai zafin rai ba. Yana ba da ranta sosai ga horo. Suna son motsi, tafiya. Tana jin daɗin yin wasa da yara. Aren kare daga ƙuruciya, kewaye da hankali, amma bai lalace ba, zai girma ya zama babban abokin zama.
