Fasali da mazaunin chimpanzees
Chimpanzee a cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun, kowace shekara ana samun su cikin ƙananan yawa. Yanzu ana iya samun 'yan tsiraru kaɗan a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi na Afirka.
Nauyin wakilin manya daga jinsin ya kai kilogiram 60-80, yayin da girma ya bambanta dangane da jinsi - mata - har zuwa santimita 130, maza - har zuwa 160. Akwai jinsunan daban - bishiyar chimpanzee, wanda sigoginsa sun fi kyau.
Dukkanin jikin birrai an lullube da gashi mai ruwan kasa mai kauri, banda wasu sassa, wadanda suka hada da, yatsu, fuska da tafin kafa. Chimpanzee a hoto kana iya ganin wayayyun launin ruwan kasa. A lokaci guda, wakilai masu tasowa halittar chimpanzee suna da karamin yanki na farin gashi a kan coccyx, wanda daga baya aka maye gurbinsu da launin ruwan kasa.
Wannan ƙaramin abu yana da mahimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka halayen ɗan birrai - muddin gashin kan kashin baya ya kasance fari, ana gafarta wa jaririn duk abubuwan da ke rataye shi kuma ya ƙasƙantar da gazawarsa. Da zarar gashi yayi duhu, ana hango shi daidai da sauran manya a cikin ƙungiyar.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar kuliyoyi
Asali birai na chimpanzee - mazaunan daji. Cin ciyayi, suna tafiyar da rayuwa mai aune-aune, suna tafiya tsakanin bishiyoyi, suna sadarwa tare da juna kuma suna hutawa a cikin gidajensu. Halin da kawai zai iya fitar da wannan nutsuwa daga hanyar da ta saba shine bayyanar abokan gaba.
Da zaran ɗayan birai na ƙungiyar ya lura da kusancin mai farauta, sai ta fara ihu da ɓarna, tana ba wa dangin ta bayanai cewa kowa na cikin haɗari. Ofungiyar primates sun kai matuƙar farin ciki da firgita, a kan hanyar da ƙaramin maciji ya gamu da shi. Dangantaka tsakanin wakilan ƙungiya ɗaya ita ce mabuɗin don kwanciyar hankali chimpanzee... Wane irin matsayin zamantakewar wannan ko wancan biri ya kasance muhimmiyar tambaya.
Ta hanyar sadarwa, suna iya ceton juna daga haɗari, ya fi amfani ga neman wuraren zafi don cin abinci. Yaran dabbobi suna koya ta hanyar lura da halayen manya. 'Yan mata za su koyi yadda za su ciyar da kare samari yadda ya kamata, samari - da irin ishara da motsin da zaku iya girmamawa a cikin rukuni.
Don haka, ta hanyar kwaikwayo, matasa suna koyan ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a, waɗanda suka fara fahimtarsu a matsayin wasa, sannan kuma a hankali su koma cikin girma tare da cikakkiyar "ƙa'idodin ladabi."
Rayuwa a cikin ƙungiya ba kawai yana taimaka wa chimpanzees don samun ingantaccen abinci ba, kare kansu da haɓaka zuriya. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa birai da ke rayuwa shi kaɗai suna da mummunan aiki, rage abinci, kuma alamun kiwon lafiya gaba ɗaya sun fi na al'ummomin.
Chimpanzee da ɗan adam suna da jituwa sosai
Saboda yanayin zamantakewa ne, chimpanzee da mutum iya zama tare cikin sauki Idan mai farauta ya shiga cikin dangi yayin da yake jariri, a sauƙaƙe yana yarda da duk halayen ɗabi'un mutane, kuma yana koyan yin halaye iri ɗaya.
Ana iya koya wa Chimpanzees su sha kuma su ci abinci tare da kayan aiki, sutura, tafiya, da kuma ishara kamar ta mutum. Kari kan haka, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa mutanen da suka yi tsawon rayuwarsu a kusancin mutane suna iya fahimtar magana ta mutum har ma da sadarwa tare da mutane ta amfani da yaren kurame.
Wato, saduwa da biri mai magana yana da ma'ana, kawai za'a bayyana shi tare da taimakon yatsun hannu masu motsi. A Intanet zaka iya samun dayawa bots na chimpanzee, wanda ke haifar da magana daga biri ta amfani da shirin kwamfuta, duk da haka, waɗannan 'yan boko ne kawai, ba ruwansu da halittar birrai.
A cikin hoton akwai wata katuwar kifin
Dangane da tarbiyya da sauƙin horo, ana ɗaukar chimpanzees masu ƙyalƙyali kuma masu hankali, a lokaci guda maza ne ke iya ɗaukar wata barazanar ɓoyayye ga ɗan adam, tunda babu wanda ya soke ɗabi'ar mamayar. Mata ana ɗaukar su marasa ƙarancin hikima amma sun fi aminci.
Abincin Chimpanzee
Babban abincin 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace da 'ya'yan itace da sassan kore na shuke-shuke. A lokaci guda, fruitsa fruitsan - icyaicyan itace masu --ya --ya - ginshiƙai da kayan lambu birai ne ke cin su kawai a lokacin tsananin buƙata. Ganin babban nauyin birrai da abincin da suke ci, suna buƙatar cin yawancin lokaci don kasancewa cikin sifa.
Wannan shine ainihin abin da suke yi - mai saurin tafiya a tsakanin bishiyoyi masu tarin yawa, 'yan kuli-kuli suna neman fruitsa fruitsan itace. Idan wakilin kungiyar yayi tuntuɓe akan bishiyar da ta dace, sai ya sanar da sauran game da ita. Ya danganta da yanayi, lokacin da biri yake ciyarwa shine 25 zuwa 50% na jimlar lokacin farkawa.
Baya ga sassan kore da fruitsa fruitsan plantsa ofan tsire-tsire, imaiman birni na iya cin baƙin mai taushi da ginshiƙan mai tushe, ban da haka, a lokacin bazara, birrai suna shan ɗimbin filayen fure. Game da kwayoyi, yawancin chimpanzees ba masu son goro bane, kodayake, tabbas, akwai keɓaɓɓun mutane.
Ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya sun banbanta game da amfani da rayayyen abinci ta birrai. Misali, wasu masana suna bin ka'idar cewa chimpanzees suna cin kananan dabbobi da kwari, amma, a cikin adadi kaɗan kuma sai a lokacin faduwa. Wasu kuma sun gaskata cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan ciye ciye suna nan kullum a cikin abincin birai.
Haihuwar Chimpanzee da tsawon rai
Chimpanzees ba su da lokacin kiwo na tsaye - wannan na iya faruwa kowace rana a kowane lokaci na shekara. Ciki na mace yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 230, wato, watanni 7.5. A mafi yawan lokuta, mace na haihuwar 'ya daya kuma tana da hannu dumu-dumu cikin kariya da ilimantar da ita.
Ganin gaskiyar cewa an haifi ɗan biri kusan rashin tsaro, ba tare da kulawar uwar ba, ba ta da damar rayuwa. A wannan, dabi'un birrai suna kama da na mutane. Ana haihuwar jariri da haske, sikirin gashi, wanda ƙarshe kawai ya canza zuwa duhu.
Uwa tana da kusanci da ɗiyar kuma don fewan watannin farko baya barin hannayenta, ɗauke da shi a bayanta ko ciki. Bayan haka, lokacin da ƙaramin biri ya sami damar motsawa da kansa, uwar za ta ba ta wasu 'yanci, tana ba ta damar yin wasa da faxa da wasu yara da matasa, ko kuma tare da manyan mambobin kungiyar.
Sabili da haka, an gina dangantakar su na wasu shekaru da yawa, har sai ɗan maraƙin ya girma. Mata yawanci sukan zama manya, ma'ana, a shirye suke don saduwa, a tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 10, maza - a kusan shekaru 6-8.
A cikin daji, matsakaici tsawon rayuwar kifin mai lafiya - har zuwa shekaru 60, kodayake irin waɗannan masu shekaru ɗari da yawa ba su da yawa, tun da gandun daji cike yake da haɗari, kuma babba yana da girma, zai yi mata wuya ta guje su.
