Fasali da mazaunin busasshiyar bushiya
Bakin bushiya (daga Latin Hemiechinus) ɗayan ɗa ne daga cikin halittu masu shayarwa daga babban dangin bushiya. Bugun yau game da shi. Yi la'akari da halayensa, sifofinsa da salon rayuwarsa.
Sun bambanta da sauran wakilan danginsu ta hanyar fitar da dogon kunnuwa da aka nuna kan tip. Tsawon kunnuwa, ya danganta da nau'in, ya kai santimita uku zuwa biyar. Halin halittar busassun bishiyoyi ya hada da jinsuna shida kawai:
- Black-bellied (daga Latin nudiventris);
- Ba'indiye (daga Latin micropus)
- Dogo mai tsayi, mai duhu ne ko bald (hypomelas);
- Dogon kunne (daga Latin auritus);
- Kwala (daga Latin collaris);
- Habasha (daga Latin aethiopicus).
Wasu rukunin masana kimiyya suma suna kiran wannan jinsi irin na jinsin halittu kamar dwarf african kunnen bushiya saboda cewa suma suna da dogayen kunnuwa, amma har yanzu, a cikin rarrabuwa wacce aka yarda da ita, an sanya wannan jinsin zuwa wani jinsi daban - bishiyoyin Afirka.
Mazaunin wannan jinsin ba shi da girma sosai. Rarraba su yana faruwa a Asiya, Arewacin Afirka da kudu maso gabashin Turai. Oneaya daga cikin jinsunan yana zaune a cikin yankunan ƙasarmu - wannan shine bushiyar kunnuwa. Wannan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, girman jikinsa bai wuce santimita 25-30 tare da matsakaicin nauyin 500-600 gram.
Mafi girma (mafi nauyi) wakilan jinsin halittar sune busassun bushewa na dogon lokaci - nauyin jikinsu ya kai gram 700-900. Bayan kowane nau'in an rufe shi da allurar launin toka da launin ruwan kasa. Babu allurai a tarnaƙi, a kan bakin bakin ciki da ciki, kuma a maimakon su, gashin gashin launuka masu haske yana girma.
Kan yana karami tare da babban danshi da dogon kunnuwa, ya kai fiye da rabin girman kan. Babban baki cike da hakora 36 masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar bushiya
Dogayen busassun kunnuwa mazauna dare ne, suna aiki tare da faɗuwar rana da fitowar magariba. Amma duk da wannan, akwai da yawa hoton busassun kunnuwa da rana. Suna rayuwa kuma suna neman abinci su kaɗai, suna yin nau'i-nau'i ne kawai don lokacin saduwa.
Don girman su, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kuzari kuma suna motsawa da sauri, suna barin gidansu na kilomita da yawa don neman abinci. Yankin da namijin busasshiyar ciyawar bushewar bishiyar zai iya kaiwa hekta biyar, mata suna da ƙaramar ƙasa - hekta biyu ko uku ne.
A lokacin farkawa ta yau da kullun, bushiya mai kunnuwa tana iya ɗaukar nisan kilomita 8-10. Bishiya suna yin barci kuma suna hutawa a cikin kabarinsu, wanda ko dai ya tono kansa har zuwa zurfin mita 1-1.5, ko kuma ya mallaki kuma ya tanada wuraren da wasu ƙananan dabbobi suka rigaya sun watsar, galibi beraye.
Itatuwan bushiya da ke zaune a yankunan arewacin kewayon su na shiga tashin hankali a lokacin hunturu kuma su farka tare da fara yanayin ɗumi. Abun cikin kunnen bushiya a gida ba ya ba da ransa ga babban ƙoƙari.
Wadannan dabbobin ba su da kyau sosai kuma suna da kyau sosai a cikin keji. Abincin sa yana baka damar siyan abinci a kusan kowane shagon dabbobi. Daidai saboda wannan dalilin bushe bushewar gida a wannan zamani namu, sam ba abin kauna bane, kuma mutane kadan ne zasu iya mamakin wannan.
A yau, zaku iya siyan bushiya mai kunnuwan kunnu a kusan kowace kasuwar tsuntsaye ko gandun daji. Kuma ba zai zama da wahala a samu dabarun kiyaye wannan dabba ba, saboda a Intanet akwai shawarwari masu amfani iri-iri.
A shagon dabbobi farashin kunnen bushiya zai bambanta daga 4000 zuwa 7000 rubles. Ana buƙatar kusan adadin kuɗi don siyan kaya don kiyaye shi. Ta hanyar saka hannun jari irin wannan a cikin sabon gidan ku, ku da ƙaunatattunku za ku sami kyawawan motsin rai.
Abincin itacen bushiya
Duk nau'ikan busassun kunnuwa suna da abinci a cikin yanayin ƙwarin kwari, galibi tururuwa da ƙwaro, da ƙwarin tsutsa, suna cin tsaba da 'ya'yan itace. Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙananan ƙadangare da beraye na iya zama abinci.
Itatuwan bushirar bishiyoyi, waɗanda ke hutu don lokacin hunturu, suna samun yalwar mai a lokacin bazara-kaka, wanda zai ciyar da jikinsu a duk tsawon lokacin hunturu, saboda haka busassun kunnuwa suna ciyar da duk lokacin da suke farkawa don neman abinci, suna yin ajiyar su na ciki. Hakanan nau'ikan yankuna na kudu na iya yin bacci, wanda ke faruwa da ƙyar kuma ana alakanta shi da ƙaramin abinci a cikin yankin, misali, a lokacin bazara.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na busasshiyar bushiya
Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin bishiyun busassun bishiyoyi yana faruwa dangane da jima'i a lokaci daban-daban - a cikin mata ga shekara guda na rayuwa, a cikin maza, ci gaba yana ɗan jinkirta kuma balaga na faruwa da shekaru biyu.
Lokacin saduwa a cikin yawancin jinsuna yana farawa ne da zuwan dumi a bazara. A cikin mazaunan yankunan arewacin a cikin Maris-Afrilu bayan farkawa daga rashin barci, a cikin wakilan kudanci ya kusanci lokacin rani.
A wannan lokacin, busassun bishiyoyi suna fara samar da wani wari na musamman, wanda ke jan hankalin ma'aurata da juna. Bayan saduwa, namiji da wuya ya kasance tare da mace na tsawon kwanaki, galibi galibi yakan tashi zuwa yankinsa, kuma mace tana fara haƙa ramuka don haihuwar zuriya.
Ciki yana wanzuwa, ya danganta da nau'in, kwanaki 30-40. Bayan haka, ana haihuwar ƙarami, kurma da makaho. Akwai daga daya zuwa goma daga cikinsu a cikin wani tsintsiya. An haife su tsirara, amma bayan hoursan awanni allurai masu taushi na farko sun bayyana a saman jiki, wanda a cikin makonni 2-3 zai canza zuwa mafi wahala.
Bayan makonni 3-4, bushiya ta fara buɗe idanunsu. Zuriya suna ciyar da madarar uwa har zuwa makonni 3-4 na rayuwa kuma a nan gaba suna canzawa zuwa bincike mai zaman kansa da amfani da abinci mara ƙarfi. Da shekara biyu da haihuwa, yara sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta kuma ba da daɗewa ba suna barin ramin mahaifiya don haƙa nasu a cikin sabon yankin.
Matsakaici, kunnen bushiyoyi a gida ko gidajen namun daji suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 6-8, a cikin yanayin yanayin rayuwarsu ta ɗan gajarta, gami da wannan saboda farautar da suke samu daga ɓarayin da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa ɗaya tare da bishiyoyi.
Babban makiyan wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sune kerkeci, badgers, Fox, da sauran masu cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu nau'ikan an jera busassun kunnuwa cikin dogon littafi a cikin Littafin Jamisali, bushiya mai bushewar ciki ana daukarta kusan nau'ikan halittu.
Sauran nau'ikan suna cikin Littattafan Red Data na Kazakhstan, Ukraine da Bashkiria. Har zuwa 1995, kungiyoyi a Kazakhstan suna da ƙwazo sosai wajen kiwon irin nau'ikan busassun bishiyoyi, gami da masu kunnuwa, a cikin gidajen gandun daji na musamman, amma, rashin alheri, ba su tsira ba har zuwa yau.
