Fasali da mazauninsu
Dung irin ƙwaro - Wannan kwaro ne wanda yake na umarnin Coleoptera, dangin dangin laimar da kuma gidan dangin shrews. Suna aiwatar da aiki na oda, suna yin tasiri mai amfani akan samuwar ƙasa. Don salon rayuwarsu, sun sami laƙabi "drillers".
A cikin hoton ƙwaro irin ƙwaro irin na dusar ƙwaro
Ungwaro dwaro dabba ce mai ƙwazo. Fasalin sa shine abinci mai gina jiki. Ruwa da abubuwan da ke cikin ganyayyaki sune babban menu na wannan ƙwaro. Wannan "tsari", neman tarin taki, yana samar da kwallaye daga ciki kuma yana mirgina su zuwa cikin mafakarsu. A gida, larvae suna jiran wannan abincin. Bayyanar su ba kyakkyawa ba ce - fararen fata tare da gajerun kafafu da maƙogwaro masu ƙarfi. Wannan zagayen abubuwan ma yana shafar samuwar ƙasa.
Ungwaron dung, kamar sarki Sisyphus, yana aiki ba tare da tsangwama ba. Kowa ya san labarin da ya shafi Sarki Sisyphus, wanda alloli suka hukunta shi saboda laifinsa. Kuma dole ne ya ci gaba da tura babban dutse mai duwatsu bisa dutsen. Don haka dungullen dung yana ta murza kwallayen da suka fi shi girma a duk tsawon rayuwarta zuwa cikin gidanta.
Har yanzu shi mai kwazo ne kuma mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi da kwatankwacinsa. Thewarewar ƙwarjin ƙwarya yana da ban mamaki, yana jujjuya kundin sau 2-3 ya fi nauyinsa nauyi. Akwai kusan 600 da aka sani a duniya jinsunan dung beetles... Akwai kusan nau'ikan 20 daga cikinsu a cikin Rasha kawai.
Jikinta yana da zagaye ko oval. Tsawon ya dogara da nau'in kuma jeri daga 3 zuwa 70 mm. Launi na kwasfa na iya zama na launuka daban-daban: rawaya, baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, amma ba tare da la'akari da launi ba, yana haskakawa da ƙarfen ƙarfe. Cikin ciki koyaushe al'ada ce mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi. Ana yi masa kallon fitaccen mutum ne, tunda mutane da yawa sun san yadda ƙwarjin dung yake kama da kansa.
Antennae a cikin ɓarnar a cikin sigar eriya-kashi 11. A matakan, ana karkatar da su zuwa kawuna tare da azabtarwa uku. Abubuwa da yawa sun warwatse akan garkuwar ciki. Kowane ɗayan elytra yana da rami 14. Babban muƙamuƙin yana zagaye. M kimanin shine 2 g. Ungwaro ungwaro a cikin hoto ya kan zama galibi, babu wani abin birgewa, ba ya haifar da daɗi da ƙyama.
Abin lura ne cewa wannan kwari ya fi son ƙasashe masu yanayi mai kyau, kodayake wasu nau'ikan sun dace da rayuwa a yankuna masu bushewa. Ana iya samun su sau da yawa a Turai, Amurka, Kudancin Asiya. Mazaunan su galibi filaye ne, makiyaya, makiyaya da gandun daji.
Wato, don mazaunin ta, ƙwarin biri yana zaɓar wuraren da za su sami isasshen abinci gare ta da zuriyarta. Yana haƙa gidansa a zurfin 15 cm zuwa m 2. Ana iya samun kabarinsa ƙarƙashin ganye, taki ko sharar ɗan adam. Mafi yawan rayuwata irin ƙwaro gudanar a matsayin "gida na gaskiya".
Hali da salon rayuwa
Wani wuri a cikin filin, idan akwai tarin taki, to ƙwaroro ƙwari za su rinka zuwa wurinta daga ko'ina, suna ƙoƙarin gaban masu fafatawa. Don adana abincinsu, suna yin manyan ƙwallo suna mirgine su mita goma. Sannan, jefa ƙasa daga ƙwallon, suna binne ta. Wannan hanyar tana kiyaye taki daga bushewa a lokacin zafi.
Neman abinci ya fi zama ruwan dare. Arawaro irin ƙwaro yana da wata ma'ana ta haɗari. A ƙaramar ƙararrawa, yana yin sauti wanda yayi kama da murƙushewa. "Drillers" kwari ne masu amfani waɗanda bawai kawai suna tsabtace ƙasa ba, amma ta hanyar aikinsu, suna inganta tsarinta.
Abin mamaki, wadannan kwari suna kirkirar kwallayen taki na madaidaicin zagaye ba tare da lahani ba. Wannan yanayin yana motsawa ƙarƙashin tasirin girgiza. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ƙwaro irin na dung na iya aiwatar da ayyukansu tare da gabansu da ƙafafunsu na baya - irin waɗannan masu sana'ar ne.
Hankalin kishiya a cikin wannan nau'in kwari ya bunkasa sosai. Don haka, haɗuwa da ƙwaro irin na manya, ɗayansu yana da ƙwallon da aka shirya da taki, tabbas za ta ƙare da rikici. Dangane da sakamakon gasar, wanda ya yi nasara ya dauki kyautar (kwallon taki) don kansa.
A yankuna masu bushewa, waɗannan kwari suna samun ceto ta wurin abincinsu. Don haka, hawa saman ƙwallon taki, ƙwaro a cikin 'yan sakan kaɗan na iya rage zafin nasa da 7 0C. Wannan ikon yana taimakawa wajen rayuwa cikin hamada.
Wata hanyar tsira da wadannan kwari suka kware ita ce ikon tsamo ruwa daga hazo. Suna shimfida fikafikansu suna jira barbashin danshi ya rikide ya zama digo a kawunansu. Daga can ya fada cikin bakinsu.
Abinci
Abincin wannan kwarin ba shi da yawa. Menene ƙwarjin ƙwaro?? Babban abincin yau da kullun shine dung, wanda shine ya ba wannan ƙwarin irin wannan sunan mara kyau. Yana da ƙarancin kamshi. Tare da eriya, kamar "tauraron dan adam", yana kama tushen abinci kuma ya ruga can gaba yana turiri domin ci gaban gasar.
Vawarorin ƙwaro irin na Dung suna cin abinci a kan gawa ko dung. Duk abincin iyayensu ke basu. Manya suna tsar da abincin su mai banƙyama tare da namomin kaza da gawar. Akwai wasu nau'ikan da basu iya cin komai tsawon rayuwarsu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Waƙwar ƙwaro ta Dung ta yin ƙwai. Dukkanin matakin ƙananan burrow ɗin an yi niyya ne don wani nau'in incubator. Mace takan toshe ta da dunƙulen taki, a cikin kowannensu tana yin ƙwai ɗaya. Irin wannan gwargwadon ba na bazata bane; ana kirga su ne don samar da tsutsa tsutsa abinci a duk tsawon lokacin ci gabanta.
Wannan tsari yana da matukar wahala, amma waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin sun sami ci gaban ilimin iyaye. Bayan kwana 28, ana haifar larvae daga ƙwaiyen da aka sa. An riga an tanadar musu da abinci, ta hanyar ƙoƙarin iyayensu, don haka kawai suyi hutun hunturu a cikin kabarinsu. A lokacin bazara Tsutsa irin ƙwaro juya zuwa puppy kuma, bayan ɗan lokaci, zama cikakkun mutane.
Tsarin rayuwa a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwaro bai tsaya ga kwan ƙwai ba. Bayan wannan matakin, suna yin bulo ta ƙofar kuma suka kasance a cikin kabarin don kula da 'ya'yansu, yin laushi da ƙwallen taki da kare ƙofar daga masu kutse. Kare zuriyar, namiji da mace suna zaune ba tare da abinci ba, kuma bayan wata ɗaya suna mutuwa.
Babban dungen ƙwaro yana rayuwa tsawon wata 1-2. Wannan lokacin ya isa a gare su don ƙirƙirar kwallaye da yawa na kwan ƙwai. Kamar yadda kake gani, dung beetle kwari ne mai ban mamaki. Yana da ƙarfi, mai sauƙin daidaitawa ga yanayin muhalli. Wannan kwaron yana gudanar da ayyuka masu amfani kuma yana da kyawawan dabi'un iyaye.
