Etwaron kwari. Tsarin ƙaho da mazauninsu

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Aho wakilai ne na abin da ake kira zamantakewar al'umma ko takarda, tunda sun fi son zama a cikin yankuna, kuma don gina gida-gida suna amfani da takaddun nasu, wanda suke samu ta hanyar tauna itace.

Maganin vespins (ƙaho kuma na shi ne, ba tare da dogon binciken masana kimiyya ba), ana ɗaukarsa mafi haɓaka. Sunan "hornet" ya koma Sanskrit, kuma bisa sanannen ƙamus na Vasmer, shi ma yana da asalin Slavic. Etaho a cikin hoton yayi kama da girma da ban tsoro, a zahiri suna da girma sau biyu ko sau uku.

Babban ƙahonin da ke rayuwa a yankunan tsaunuka na ƙasar Japan suna da'awar rayukan mutane da yawa a kowace shekara (alal misali, ƙalilan ne ke mutuwa daga haɗuwa da macizai masu haɗari a ƙasar fitowar rana a daidai wannan lokacin). Ya kamata ku ji tsoro cizon hornet kuma wannan kwaron yana da hatsarin gaske? Za ku koya game da wannan ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin har zuwa ƙarshe.

Fasali da mazauninsu

Etwaron kwari, kasancewa wakilin dangin wasp, shima na hymenoptera ne, kuma a yau akwai sama da iri ashirin daga cikinsu. Tsawon jikinsu na iya kaiwa 3.9 cm, kuma nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa 200 MG. Mata yawanci sun ninka na maza. Ba kamar wasps ba wanda launinsa ya ƙunshi launuka masu launin baƙi da rawaya, ƙahonin na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, baƙi ko orange.

Kokarin Asiya shine mafi girman dangi, kuma tsawon jikinsa na iya kaiwa santimita biyar, kuma fikafikan sa santimita bakwai. Wannan nau'in ya fi zama a Indiya, China, Koriya da Japan, har ma a cikin Primorsky Territory na Rasha. Ana ɗaukarsa mafi haɗari, kuma gubarsa na iya zama ga mutane.

Hoto hoton kaho ne na Asiya

Har ila yau, akwai ƙahonin baki, waɗanda ke yin lalata a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Mata na wannan nau'in suna kashe mahaifar daga wani ƙaho na ƙahonin wani jinsi na daban, tare da ɗaukar jagorancin maimakon. Green Hornet wani fim ne mai dauke da abubuwa masu kayatarwa, wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar jarumi mai suna iri daya, wanda ya danganci wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na shekaru sittin na karni na 20. Ba a samun kahonin kore a yanayi.

Bambanci tsakanin kahonin mata da na mata shi ne rashin harbawa, duk da haka, ba abu ne mai sauqi ba a gano jinsin kwaron da ido tsirara, saboda haka ya fi kyau a yi taka tsantsan yayin ganawa da wannan wakilin na gidan aspen. An nuna tutar tauraron dan adam a cikin eriya, kuma tana da bangarori 12 (alamar mace kuma, an kafa ta ne da sassa 11).

Kaho gaban kallo

Sauran hornet da zanzaro suna da nau'ikan siffofi iri-iri masu alaƙa kai tsaye da tsarin jiki: ƙyallen bakin ciki, ciki mai tsagewa, fukafukai na fili masu haske, muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi da manyan idanu masu bayyanawa. An rarraba ƙaho a cikin theasashen Arewa.

Vespa Crabro (ko ƙaho na kowa) an rarraba ko'ina cikin Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Ukraine da Rasha (mafi mahimmanci, a ɓangaren Turai). Hakanan ana samunsa a Yammacin Siberia da Urals. Yaya ƙaho yake kamaa cikin Asiya?

Yana da kyau a lura cewa wadannan wakilan dangin dansandan da ke zaune a kasashen Nepal, Indiya, Indochina, Taiwan, Koriya, Isra’ila, Vietnam, Sri Lanka da Japan, inda aka san su da “kudan tsuntsu” don girman su, sun bambanta da wadanda aka sani. ga 'yan uwanmu. Ba shi da wuyar saduwa da wannan ƙwarin shima a cikin Turkiyya, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kudancin Turai, Somaliya, Sudan da wasu ƙasashe.

Etaho yana cin 'ya'yan itace

Hali da salon rayuwa

Ofayan manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙaho da wasps shi ne gaskiyar cewa waɗannan kwari ba za su shiga cikin kwalbar zuma ba ko matsawa kuma ba za su rataya cikin ɓacin rai ba tare da kayan kamshi, 'ya'yan itatuwa ko wasu abinci. Menene ƙahonin da suke yi? Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, waɗannan kwari sun fi son yin rayuwa ta zamantakewa, suna ta tururuwa a cikin garken tumaki, wanda yawansu ya kai ɗari ɗari mutane.

Wanda ya kirkiro gida wata mace ce wacce ta tsira daga lokacin sanyi kuma, tare da farkon ɗumi, ta sami wuri mai dacewa kamar rami a cikin dutsen, rami a bishiya, a cikin ɗakunan gine-ginen zama har ma da akwatunan gidan wuta. Da ƙararrawa da ƙarfi, suna tashi tsakanin bishiyoyi, da gurnani da itace, kututture ko kuma tsohuwar tsufa. Hornets suna gina gida daga matakai da yawa na itace, suna sarrafa shi cikin takarda.

A CIKIN hornets gida mace daya ce tak ke da haihuwa, saura kuma suke aikin bayi, suna aikin kariya, gini, girbi da abinci. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa wacce ke tabbatar da babban cigaba na kayan wasps: duk wakilan wannan al'umma suna iya bambance junan su da matsayin mutane ta hanyar wari ko wasu halaye.

Harin kaho a kan mutane da gaske yana faruwa. Kuma akwai ire-iren wadannan hare-hare daga wadannan kwari fiye da na kudan zuma ko na jeji. Magungunan ƙaho suna da adadi mai kyau na histamine, wanda zai iya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan a cikin mutane, sabili da haka, idan akwai rashin jin daɗi ga wannan ɓangaren, aikin zai iya zama wanda ba shi da tabbas.

Kuma idan mutum ɗaya ya cije yana da ɗan ƙaramin kazanta tare da ƙaruwar bugun zuciya da zazzabi, to wani mutum na iya samun matsalar rashin kuzari tare da mutuwa mai zuwa.

Hornaho kan yi kaifi

Yadda za a rabu da ƙaho? A yayin da kwaro ya tashi zuwa gidan ku, don haka a yi magana, a cikin kwafin guda, to bai kamata ku yi ƙoƙari ku kashe shi da jaridar da aka nade ba ko kuma flyar iska. Netaho mai fushi zai iya bugawa baya, wanda ke cike da sakamako mara kyau. Zai fi kyau a rufe shi da tulu ko akwatin ashana kuma a jefa ta taga.

Idan ka fara hornets ƙarƙashin rufin ko kuma a wani fili na kashin kanka, zaka iya rufe gida da jakar leda, bayan ka yayyafa shi da dichlorvos ko wani maganin kashe kwari, ko tattara kashi uku cikin huɗu na guga na ruwa ka sauke gurbi a ciki. Akwai hanya mafi zalunci don kashe ƙaho. Don yin wannan, ana jan kananzir ko fetur a cikin kwalbar fesawa, to sai a fesa gida a kunna.

Gida Hornets

Abinci

Etsaho suna ciyarwa galibi akan fruitsa fruitsan itace, nea nean ruwa kuma, gabaɗaya, duk abincin da ya ƙunshi isasshen adadin sukari ko fructose. Hakanan ƙaho suna son haɗawa a cikin abincinsu na itace na wasu bishiyoyi da kwari iri-iri, kamar su wasps, ƙudan zuma, ciyawar ciyawa da makamantansu. Bayan kashe wanda aka azabtar da taimakon gubarsu kuma suka sarrafa ta da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi, ƙahonin suna ɓoye wani dakatarwa ta musamman da ke zuwa ciyar da tsutsa.

Etaho yana karɓar tsire-tsire daga fure

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Wani karamin mahaifa, wanda ya daɗe lokacin sanyi a cikin nutsuwa, ya sami wuri mafi dacewa don gida tare da farkon lokacin bazara, kuma, bayan da ya gina ɗaruruwan ɗari, ya sa ƙwai a cikinsu. Bayan wannan, ita da kanta take kula da su da kuma neman abinci. Sabbin membobin al'umma suna kula da kara ginin gida da kuma ciyar da sarauniya da larvae.

Irin wannan makircin yana haifar da saurin haɓaka dangi. Bayan kamar makonni huɗu, sabbin ƙahoni suna fitowa daga ƙirar, kuma ana iya korar sarauniya daga cikin gida ko ma a kashe ta, tunda ba ta iya yin ƙwai ba.

Tsammani rayuwa kamar manyan ƙahoda mutane masu aiki, waɗanda aka samo su kai tsaye a ɓangaren Turai - 'yan watanni kaɗan, mahaifa na rayuwa dan lokaci kaɗan saboda ikon yin hunturu cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali.

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Kalli bidiyon: Stevens and Associates (Nuwamba 2024).