Fasali da mazauninsu
Esudan zuma na kwari masu tashi ne, masu nesa da wasps da tururuwa. Akwai kusan jinsi 520 da aka yi wa rijista, wadanda suka hada da kusan nau'ikan 21,000, shi ya sa akwai kwari da yawa kwatankwacin kudan zuma.
Wadannan cututtukan mutane suna yadu sosai - ana samun su a duk nahiyoyin duniya, ban da Antarctica mai sanyi. "Kan" kwarin an saka masa gashin baki, ya kasu kashi 13 ko 12 (ga maza da mata, bi da bi), da kuma siririn proboscis mai tsayi, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen neman abinci.
Kusan kowa da kowa nau'in kudan zuma akwai nau'i biyu na fuka-fuki, duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan jinsuna daban, wadanda fikafikan su kanana da rauni wadanda basa iya tashi. Girman babban mutum ya bambanta daga 2 mm zuwa 4 cm, dangane da mallakar wani nau'in.
Kudan zuma kwaro ne mai matukar amfani wanda yake daukar bangare kai tsaye wajen aiwatar da furanni da kuma haifar da shuke-shuke, yana tara tsirrai da fure. Jikin kwarin an lullubeshi da villi, wanda fulawar ke bibiyar sa; bayan an tara wani adadi, kudan zuma na tura shi zuwa kwandon, wanda yake tsakanin kafafun baya.
Wasu nau'ikan kudan zuma sun fi son pollen daga tsire-tsire guda ɗaya, wasu ana jagorantar su ne kawai da kasancewar wannan abu, ba tare da la'akari da asalin ba. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da ƙudan zuma don ƙara yawan furanni, amma, wakilan daji na dangin suna rayuwa nesa da mutane da kayansu. Irin waɗannan ƙudan zuma, tare da sauran kwari, suna mutuwa ne saboda shirye-shiryen wargaza mutane.
Bugu da kari, yankunan kudan zuma suna bacewa saboda maganin shuke-shuke da aka yi amfani da su da magungunan kashe qwari, raguwar shuka shukokin zuma saboda ci gaban birane. Inaruwa yana samun ƙaruwa a kowace shekara, akwai ra'ayin cewa idan ba a ɗauki matakan kiyaye girman dangi ba, ƙudan zuma za su ɓace a cikin 2030s.
Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, wannan ya yi alkawarin asarar zuma gaba ɗaya ga 'yan adam, tare da raguwar adadin furanni,' ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Kuna iya taimakawa ƙudan zuma - dasa shukokin zuma don kwari kusa da amya, ƙi kula da gonar da sinadarai.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Esudan zuma kwari ne na jama'a tare da babban tsari na rayuwa. Suna aiki tare don samun abinci da ruwa, kare da tsare amya. A cikin kowane rukuni akwai tsattsauran matsayi, wanda kowane matakin yake aiwatar da wasu ayyuka. Adadin mutane na iya bambanta, yawancin ƙudan zuma suna cikin rukuni, har ma ƙarin bambance-bambance ya bayyana tsakanin wakilan matakan daban-daban na matsayi. Kowane tsari yana da mahaifa.
A cikin hoto ƙudan zuma da sarauniya kudan zuma
Wakilan wasu kungiyoyi sune kudan zuma guda. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin jinsin da aka bayar nau'ikan mata ɗaya ne, kuma kowannensu yana yin ayyuka iri ɗaya - yana tattara fure da shirya abinci, sannan kuma yana haifuwa.
Mafi yawanci, irin waɗannan nau'ikan basa samar da zuma, amma aikinsu daban - suna tara fure da ƙura ne kawai daga tsire-tsire da suka fi so, ma'ana, idan ƙudan zuma suka mutu, tsiron zai ɓace.
Misali, ƙudan zuma mace kadaitacce baƙin kwari kamar na kudan zuma(kudan zinaren masassaƙi) sau da yawa suna yin ƙwai a rami ɗaya don a kiyaye ta daga baya, ana kiran wannan hanyar ta rayuwa "gama gari". Amma, kowane kudan zuma yana kulawa kuma yana cika kwayar halittarsa kawai.
Wakilan wasu iyalai ba za su iya samo wa kansu abinci ba, saboda rashin na'urori na musamman, saboda haka ana tilasta musu zaɓar abinci da sanya ƙwai a cikin amsar wasu mutane. Kudan zuma da ke wannan nau'in ana kiransu da suna "ƙudan zuma".
Ruwan zuma sune manyan iyalai. Yawancin lokaci, dangi kan hada da sarauniya guda daya, mata dubu da ke aiki, a lokacin rani kuma akwai drones da yawa (maza). Kadai, ba za su rayu ba kuma ba za su iya ƙirƙirar sabon iyali ba.
Abinci
Yawo daga fure zuwa fure, ƙudan zuma suna tattarawa suna tara tsirrai da ƙura. Wadannan sinadaran sune suka sanya abincin su. Kwari suna samun sunadarai da sauran kayan abinci daga pollen, nectar shine babban tushen makamashi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A lokacin bazara, kudan zuma guda daya na iya yin kwai har 2000 a kowace rana. Yayin tattara zuma, an rage yawansu zuwa dubu daya da rabi. Mutanen shekaru daban-daban suna cika alƙawari daban-daban, don haka suna gani kudan zuma a hoto, zamu iya yanke hukunci game da matsayinta da yawan kwanakin da suka rayu, gwargwadon shari'ar da take yi.
A cikin hoton, tsutsar kudan zuma
Insectsananan kwari waɗanda suka rayu ƙasa da kwanaki 10 suna ciyar da mahaifa da dukkan tsutsa, tun da madara ta fi dacewa ga samari. Kimanin a ranar 7th na rayuwa, fitowar kakin zuma na farko ya bayyana a cikin cikin ƙudan zuma kuma yana fara tsunduma cikin gini.
A lokacin bazara, za ku iya lura da yawan zumar da ta bayana - ƙudan zuma da suka sami damar tsira daga hunturu, to daga nan ne suka kai ga "zamanin magina". Bayan makonni 2, gyamon gyambo ya daina aiki kuma ƙudan zuma ya cika wasu wajibai - don tsabtace ƙwayoyin, tsabtace da fitar da shara. Koyaya, bayan fewan kwanaki, “masu tsabtace” suna da hannu dumu-dumu cikin samun iska daga cikin gida. Suna lura a hankali don kada makiya su kusanci amsar.
A cikin hoto kudan zuma da saƙar zuma
Mataki na gaba na balagar zuma shine tarin zuma (kwanaki 20-25). Don yin bayani ga 'yan uwa mata inda fulawowi suka fi dacewa, kwaron yana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na gani.
Udan zuma da ya wuce kwanaki 30 yana tara ruwa ga duka dangin. Wannan aikin ana ɗaukar shi mafi haɗari, tunda mutane da yawa suna mutuwa kusa da gaɓoɓin ruwa da sauran hanyoyin samun danshi, a cikin yanayi mai zafi yawancin tsuntsaye, dabbobi da sauran kwari masu haɗari suna hallara a wurin.
Don haka, tsarin rayuwar ƙudan zuma da nufin rarraba aiyuka daidai gwargwado. Masu kuɗi suna yin kasuwanci a ciki, sauran - a waje. Tsammani na rayuwa ya dogara da nau'in. Tsawancin rayuwar ƙudan zuma ya kai watanni 10, kuma ciyawar ƙaramar bishiya tana rayuwa ne kawai wata 1.
A cikin hoto, ƙudan zuma a ramin ban ruwa
Kudan zuma, yana da haɗari
Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, ƙudan zuma na tsoron motsi kwatsam, hayaniya, sautuka masu ƙarfi, ƙamshi marasa daɗi a gare su. Kamshin turare, kamshin gumi, tafarnuwa da giya na harzuka kudan zuma, an tilasta musu yin dirka kamar lilo da hannayensu da guduwa.
Ba mutane da yawa sun san gaskiyar cewa kudan zuma yakan mutu nan take bayan ya cije shi. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa yayin cizon, harbin da ke cikin jini yana daɗa zurfin karkashin fatar mutum ko ta dabba. Ingoƙarin gudu da sauri, harbin ya sauka tare da yawancin hanjin kwarin, wanda ke sa kudan zuma ta mutu.
Nan da nan bayan dajin kudan zuma, ya zama dole a cire zafin nan da nan daga shafin harbin, in ba haka ba dafin dafin zuma mai karfi zai fara ratsa jiki da jini, yana haifar da mummunan kumburi da kuma rashin lafiyan. Sannan rauni ya kamata a kurkure kuma a kula da shi.
