Sloth bear. Sloth yana ɗaukar salon rayuwa da mazauni

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Sloth bear Wani nau'in beyar ne na musamman wanda yake wakiltar jinsin Melursus. Gubach yana da irin wannan yanayin na musamman kuma yana jagorantar hanyar rayuwa ta bambanta da beyar da aka saba da ita wanda aka kebanta da ita azaman jinsi daban.

Beyar tana da hancin dogo mai saurin gaske, wanda koyaushe yana jan hankali idan kun kalla daukar hoto, to zaku iya tabbatar da wannan. Leɓunan beyar ba su da komai kuma suna da ikon fitowa ta cikin wani nau'in bututu ko proboscis. Wannan dukiyar ce ta ba wa beyar wannan suna mai ban mamaki da ban dariya.

Bears mai taushi ba ta da girma ko girma. Tsawon jiki yawanci yakan kai 180 cm, wutsiya tana ƙara wani santimita 12, a bushe tsayin beyar ya kai 90 cm, kuma nauyin bai wuce kg 140 ba.

Kuma girman mata ya fi ƙanƙanta - da kusan 30-40%. Sauran ragowar ya zama kai ne mai kama da kai. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, ƙafafu suna da tsayi, kai yana da girma, goshinsa yana da faɗi, yana da nauyi, bakinsa yana da tsayi.

Dogon baƙin baƙin gashi mai laushi yana ba da fa'idar abin da ba shi da kyau. Wasu bears suna da gashi mai launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa, amma mafi yawan launi gama gari shi ne baƙi mai sheƙi. Bears na Sloth suna da datti mai ɗamara da nova, da facin haske, fararen ulu, kwatankwacin harafin V ko Y, suna bayyana a kirji.

Fasali da mazaunin ƙwaro

Sloths na zaune ne a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na wurare masu zafi na Indiya, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal da Sri Lanka har zuwa tsaunukan Himalayan, inda suke kiran sa - "Himalayan sloth bear".

Wannan nau'in beyar ya fi so ya zauna a yankin dutse, ɓoye daga mafi yawan idanun mutane. A cikin yankuna masu ƙanƙantar da hankali, kusan abu ne mai wuya ka sadu da bera mara daɗi, amma kuma ba sa hawa zuwa hawa sosai.

Yanayi da salon beyar

Gwajin ƙwaro yana rayuwa galibi ba dare ba rana, yana barci a cikin dazuzzuka na ciyawa, dazuzzuka ko kuma a cikin koguna masu inuwa da rana.

Kodayake da rana zaka iya saduwa da mata tare da 'ya' yan ƙuruciya masu tafiya, waɗanda dole ne su canza zuwa rayuwar yau da kullun don kauce wa gamuwa da masu cin abincin dare.

A lokacin damina, ayyukan beyar yana raguwa sosai kuma yana da ƙarfi, amma har yanzu basu yin hibernate. Halin ƙanshin bears na wannan jinsi yana daidai da ƙanshin kare mai zub da jini, wannan yana ramawa ne saboda ƙarancin yanayin sauraro da kayan gani.

Yawancin masu farautar daji suna amfani da wannan, a sauƙaƙe suna hawa kan beyar da ba a sani ba daga ɓangaren leeward. Bears na Sloth, duk da haka, ba sauƙin ganima bane.

Kada kallon yaudara da ɗan izgili ya kamata ya yaudare magabtan beyar - sloan macen na iya haɓaka saurin da zai doke duk tarihin ɗan adam.

Sloth kuma kyakkyawan hawan dutse ne, mai sauƙin hawa dogayen bishiyoyi don cin abinci akan sabbin fruitsa fruitsan itace mai daɗi, kodayake baya amfani da wannan ƙwarewar yayin gujewa haɗarin da ke barazanarsa.

Abokan gaba na dabbobin da ba su da kyau su ne manyan mafarauta. Sau da yawa mutane sun shaida gwagwarmayar sloth bear vs damisa ko damisa.

Kodayake beran da kansu ba sa nuna girman kai da kawo hari sai idan dabbar da ke iya yin barazanar ta zo kusa.

Abinci

Sloth bear kwata-kwata mai cikakken iko ne. Tare da jin daɗi daidai, zai iya jin daɗin abincin kwari da larvae, abinci na tsire-tsire, katantanwa, ƙwai daga gidajen da ya lalata, da kuma gawar da aka samu a yankinsa.

Don tabbatar da tunanin da aka daɗe game da bears na son zuma, wannan nau'in ya cancanci karɓar suna - Melursus, ko "zuma mai zuma". A lokacin watannin bazara na nunannun 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace masu 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace zasu iya samarda rabin abincin mara kyau.

Sauran lokutan, kwari iri-iri sune abincin da aka fi so da sauƙi a gare shi. Hakanan dabbobin da ba su da hankali ba sa raina shiga ƙauyukan mutane kuma suna lalata dashen shukar da masara da masara.

Manyan kaushin beran masu kama da wata mai kaifi suna ba shi damar hawa bishiyoyi daidai, yage kuma ya lalata kwari da gidan tururuwa. Muaƙƙƙarfan bakin bakin da ikon dunƙule leɓe cikin wani nau'in proboscis shima yana ba da gudummawa ga hakar kwari na mulkin mallaka don cin abincin dare. Don kariya daga nau'in cizon, hancin hancin yana da ikon rufewa ba tare da dalili ba.

Hakoran kanana ne, kuma babu cibiyoyin tsakiya na sama guda biyu, samar da hanyar da ke ci gaba da "bututun" lebunan motsi masu tsayi. Harshen mara daɗi da dogon harshe, wanda aka samo shi a yayin juyin halitta, kyakkyawan taimako ne, yana ba su damar samun abinci daga mawuyacin raƙuman ruwa.

Yawancin lokaci, dabbar da ta fizgo ta fara fitar da duk datti da ƙura daga gidajen kwari da ƙarfi, kuma bayan wannan, tare da wannan ƙarfi, yana tsotsa abincin mai gina jiki cikin kansa ta amfani da bututu daga leɓɓa. Dukkan aikin yana da hayaniya, wani lokacin ana jin sautin farautar beyar ta wannan hanyar a nesa har zuwa mita 150, kuma yana jan hankalin mafarauta.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar sloth bear

Zamanin kiwo na kashin shayarwa ya banbanta dangane da mazaunin wani mutum. Misali, a yankin Indiya wannan lokacin yana farawa daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, kuma a Sri Lanka a duk shekara.

Ciki a cikin wannan nau'in beyar yana ɗaukar watanni 7. A wani lokaci, mace tana haihuwar 1 - 2, da wuya 'ya' ya 3. Sai bayan makonni 3 idanun matasa zasu buɗe. 'Ya'yan da mahaifiyarsu za su fara barin matsugunansu ne kawai bayan watanni 3, kuma za su ci gaba da rayuwa a karkashin kulawar uwa har zuwa kimanin shekaru 2 - 3.

Idan ya zama dole don canza wurin ɗiyanta zuwa wani wuri, uwa yakan zauna a bayanta. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar motsawar ba tare da la'akari da girman yara ba har zuwa lokacin da samari zasu rayu da kansu.

An yi imanin cewa iyaye maza ba sa shiga wani ɓangare wajen kiwon da zuriyarsu, amma wasu sun gaskata cewa lokacin da mahaifiya ta mutu, mahaifin zai ɗauki duk wasu hakkoki na karewa da renon yara ƙanana.

A cikin bauta, tare da kulawa mai kyau da kulawa, berayen bera sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 40, kuma babu cikakkun bayanai kan rayuwar rayuwa a mazauninsu na asali.

An lalata bears mai ƙarancin shekaru aru-aru saboda ɓarnar da suka yi wa sukari, masara da sauran gonaki. A halin yanzu, wannan jinsin an lasafta shi a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya azaman nau'in haɗari.

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Kalli bidiyon: The Secretive Sloth Bear animal documentary (Nuwamba 2024).