Fasali da mazauninsu
A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana kiran ƙudaje masu matsakaiciya gadflies, ana rarrabe iyalai uku (waɗanda, a biyun, suna da ƙarin nau'ikan, kusan nau'ikan 150) - na ciki, subcutaneous, na ciki.
A cikin hoton gadfly
Rayuwar wannan kwarin tana da alaƙa mai haɗari da rayuwar mutum, tunda tsutsarsa suna yin lahani ga mutane, ko kuma, galibi, akan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Don haka, yawaitar kwari ya na da fadi sosai (ba shakka, yanayi mai dumi ko yanayi ya fi dacewa, kamar yadda kusan duk kwari).
Wasu nau'ikan gadfly a cikin hoto mai ban sha'awa sosai, kamar yadda suke da manyan launuka (daga kore mai haske zuwa rawaya mai guba) "idanu". Koyaya, a rayuwa ta ainihi yafi wahalar ganin wannan kyawun saboda ƙarancin girman maganin. Saurin jirgin ya yi ƙasa, tare da gabatowar gadfly, za ku iya jin ƙaramar ƙaramar murya.
Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, wannan kyakkyawan tashi yana iya haifar da babbar illa ga lafiyar mutum da ta dabbobi. amma yaƙi da gadfly ba shi da wahala sosai - ya isa a dace kuma a dace a tunkari ragowar manyan wuraren kiwon shanu da tarin wadannan kayan masarufi, kuma suna taruwa don saduwa galibi a wurare guda a kowace shekara. Ganin cewa ana kula da yankin da sinadarai masu haɗari, to bai kamata ku aikata shi da kanku ba, don kar ku cutar da dabbobi da mutane.
Kulawa da rayuwa
Gadfly - kwari, wanda yake zuwa hoton babban mutum ta hanyar cikakken canji, farawa daga ƙwai da yake canzawa zuwa tsutsa, sannan ya kasance a cikin siffar pupa, sannan kawai sai ya zama imago mai girma.
Yawanci, cikakken zagaye yana kusan shekara guda. Duk da wannan, mataki mafi sauri a rayuwar gadfly shine fitarwa daga pupa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin secondsan daƙiƙu kaɗan, bayan haka kwari kusan a shirye yake don rayuwa mai zaman kanta da haihuwa.
Gabaɗaya, tsarin rayuwa, musamman ma matakan farko na ci gaba, ya dogara da nau'ikan halittu. Misali, kayan ciki: doki ko jaki yana cin tsutsarsa wanda mata suka ɗora a kan shuke-shuke, ko kuma kai tsaye zuwa layin gashin dabbar, daga inda tsutsar take kaiwa ga maƙogwaronta.
Motsawa ta jikin mai gida, tsutsa suna yin tashoshi, wanda ke sa dabbar ta ji ba dadi sosai, ƙaiƙayi kuma ta shafi mummunan tasirin kyallen takarda a jikin mutum, wanda zai iya zama barazanar rayuwa ga dabbobi.
Tare da ɓarnatar da mahimman ayyuka, ƙarancin larvae da suka balaga sun fito, wanda zai ci gaba da zagayen rayuwa da kansu. Nau'in da yafi kowa shine subcutaneous gadfly, wanda za'a iya samun sa a ko'ina cikin duniya, banda wurare masu sanyin zafi koyaushe.
Mace na manne ƙwayayen a jikin gashin shanu, bayan haka gadfly ɗin da ke cikin ƙwayar tsutsa na tserewa a ƙarƙashin fatar dabbar. Kafin narkewa da motsawa zuwa mataki na gaba na samuwar, suna yin ramuka a jikin mai ɗaukar ta wacce iska ke shigarsu, kuma, daga baya, barin jiki ta cikin ramuka ɗaya.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa na gadfly a jikin saniya
Gadfly cizon kuma na iya haifar da babbar illa ga lafiyar mutum. Don haka, akwai lokuta lokacin da tsutsa ta shiga kwakwalwar ɗan adam, wanda ya haifar da mutuwa. Hanya ta ƙarshe don gadfly ta shiga jikin mutum ko dabba ita ce mace ta sanya shi kai tsaye ta hanci ko idanu.
Don haka, parasitism yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin ciki. Mace nan da nan ta haifi tsutsa, ta tsallake matakin ƙwai, wanda ta sanya a cikin hancin dabbobi na dama kan tashi. Tsuntsayen suna motsawa a cikin kwanyar, suna daidaitawa a ƙwallan ido, fatar ido ko membrane, suna barin tashoshi da miasms a baya.
Abinci
Tsutsa suna cin abincin masu jigilar su, yayin da manyan kwari basa shan abinci kwata-kwata. Bakinsu ya ragu. An sake cika jiki saboda abubuwan da gadfly ke tarawa sosai, kasancewar suna cikin matakin tsutsar ciki.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, a cikin siffar babban kwari, kwari kwata-kwata suna da ɗan lokaci kaɗan - daga kwana 3 zuwa 20, suna rasa wani ɓangare na adadinsu a kowace rana. Idan yanayi yayi sanyi, kwari kwari basa kokarin tashi, suna kiyaye makamashi, a wannan yanayin rayuwarsu zata iya kaiwa kwanaki 30.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
An lura cewa maza da mata suna ciyar da tsarin saduwa a wuri guda a kowace shekara. Bayan wannan tsari, mata nan da nan suka tashi, don neman dabba - mai ɗaukar kaya don ƙwai a nan gaba. Halin mata na nau'ikan jinsuna ya bambanta da yawa.
Misali, kirtani yana yawo a kan garke kuma a lokaci guda yana sanya sautuna ga dabbobi, wanda ke basu damuwa da kokarin barin yankin farautar kwarin. Mace na esophagus - akasin haka, tana ƙoƙari ta ɓoye ba tare da an sani ba - tana yin hakan ta ɗan gajeren jirgi ko a ƙafa, tana kwanciya ƙwai 5-20 a kowace gashi.
Mata cutarwa kwari kuma dokin doki yana da matukar amfani, sabili da haka, koda da ƙananan kwari, suna iya tabbatar da ci gaba da wanzuwar jinsin. Yankunan shimfiɗa da aka fi so yawanci suna da wadataccen sutura.
Ci gaban gadfly yana farawa a cikin ƙwai, inda tsutsa ta matakin farko ke samuwa, wanda ke ɗauka daga kwana uku zuwa mako, yanayin zafin da ya dace shi ne 32 ° C, wanda ƙirar take fitowa kusan daga ƙwai.
Bayan bayyanar su, yawo cikin jikin maigidan ya fara, madaidaiciyar alkibla ta dogara da nau'in kwari. Dogaro da ƙarfin ciyarwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na baƙon, larvae na iya kaiwa ma'auni na 15 mm.
A matakai na biyu da na uku na ci gaban jariri, ana buƙatar oxygen, don haka suna komawa - kusa da fata kuma suna yin ramuka don iska ta shiga. Sannan an ƙirƙiri kawunansu a kusa da su, wanda a cikin sa akwai ƙarin ci gaba.
Bayan kammala wannan matakin, ta cikin ramuka guda ɗaya, tsutsar tsutsar ta bar jikin dabbar ta fado ƙasa, inda ɗalibin yara ke gudana, wanda ke ɗaukar kwana ɗaya zuwa bakwai. Ci gaban pupa ya dogara da yanayin waje na mahalli, mafi yawan lokuta matakin ɗalibi yakan ƙare a cikin kwanaki 30 - 45. Gadflies suna haifar 'ya'ya sau ɗaya kawai.
