Rashan Rasha ko khokhulya - wata karamar dabba mai kama da gicciye tsakanin otter da bera, tare da dogon hanci, wutsiyar wutsiya da ƙamshin turaren musky, wanda ya samo sunan (daga tsohuwar Rasha "huhat" - don wari).
Mafi kusancin jinsin dangi shine Bazar desman, wanda ya fi karancin takwaransa na Rasha. Tsawon jikin mutumin Rashan yana da kusan 20 cm, kuma jela tana da girman daidai, an rufe ta da sikeli masu ban tsoro da gashi masu tauri.
Desman yana da dogon hanci, mai motsi tare da gashin baki. Idanun kanana ne, kamar baƙi ƙyalƙyali, waɗanda ke kewaye da wani facin farin farar fata.
Ganin desman ba shi da kyau, amma suna biyan wannan ta hanyar jin ƙanshi da taɓawa. Gabobin jiki gajere ne sosai. Legsafafun kafa na kafa ne, kuma yatsun kafa an haɗa su da membranes, wanda zai ba ka damar matsawa da sauri a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Theafafun kafa suna da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwara masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da su wanda ya fi dacewa a fitar da su daga bawo na gastropods (ɗayan manyan kayan abinci na desman).
Saboda bayyanar ta asali, hotunan Rasha desman galibi suna zama tushen ƙirƙirar memes na Intanit, sakamakon abin da wannan dabba ta sami karɓuwa sosai a duk duniya.
Fasali da mazauninsu
An yi imani da cewa muskrat, a matsayin jinsin, ya bayyana a Duniya akalla shekaru 30,000,000 da suka gabata. A waccan lokacin, desman ya rayu ko'ina cikin Turai har zuwa Tsibirin Birtaniyya.
A yanzu haka muskrat da aka jera a ciki Littafin Ja, kuma ana iya samun sa ne kawai a cikin ɓangaren Turai na tsohuwar USSR, wanda ya haɗa da ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus da Kazakhstan. Areauyukan Desman suna iyakance ta hanyar rafuka masu yawa da rafuka, gami da tanadi na musamman da wuraren tsabta.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda takamaiman tsari na burbushin desman - rami ne, daga tsawan mita 1 zuwa 10, yana tashi a cikin karkace mai daɗi a cikin gida, wanda koyaushe yana ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar desman
Duk da cewa muskrat - mai shayarwa dabba, tana yawan rayuwa a karkashin ruwa, a cikin haƙa da gwaninta cikin gwaninta. Kowane irin wannan rami yana da mafita guda daya ne kawai, saboda haka, lokacin da aka yi ambaliyar, mai shayarwa dole ne ya jira bishiyoyin da ke cikin rabin-ruwa, da manyan lamuran da ba za su iya samun ambaliyar ba, ko kuma a cikin kananan ramuka masu rami da aka hako sama da matakin ruwa.
Lokaci ne na ambaliyar ruwa wanda shine mafi nasara ga masu bincike, saboda damar saduwa muskrat kuma aikata hoto na dabba ƙaruwa sosai.
A lokacin lokutan yanayi mai kyau (yawanci bazara) muskrat ba shi da mutunci sosai dabbobi... Kowane mutum na rayuwa a wannan lokacin shi kaɗai ko cikin iyalai. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, masu ba da kyauta da dangi suna taruwa a cikin ƙananan al'ummomin mutane 12 - 15 don taimakawa juna rayuwa.
Don sauƙaƙe motsi daga wannan kabarin zuwa wancan, the desman ya tono ƙananan ramuka a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Yawancin lokaci nisan tsakanin ramuka ya kai mita 30. Nimble desman na iya yin ninkaya da wannan hanyar a karkashin ruwa cikin kimanin minti daya, amma idan ya zama dole, wannan dabba za ta iya rike numfashinta a karkashin ruwa na tsawon mintina hudu.
Bushewa da murkushe gidajensu ya zama babbar matsala ga desman. Neman sabon matsuguni aiki ne mai wahalar gaske, saboda dabbar tana gani da kyau kuma tana tafiya da kyar a kasa saboda tsarin kafafunta na baya, wadanda suka dace sosai da yin ruwa.
Saboda wannan duka, yiwuwar samin sabon gida bashi da mahimmanci, kuma, mai yiwuwa, dabba marar kariya zata zama mai sauƙin ganima ga kowane mai farauta.
Abinci
Abincin desman bashi da bambanci sosai. Babban abincin waɗannan dabbobi shine larvae na kwari, mollusks da ledoji. A lokacin hunturu, ana sake cika wannan jerin tare da kowane irin nau'in tsire-tsire har ma da ƙananan kifi.
Kodayake desman ba shi da girma, yana cin da yawa - a rana mutum baligi yana cin abinci daidai da nauyinsa. Hanyar samun abinci a lokacin hunturu abune mai ban sha'awa.
Lokacin da mai shagon ya motsa daga wannan mink zuwa wani ta hanyar ramin da aka tona, a hankali yake fitar da iskar da aka tara, yana barin wasu ƙananan kumfa. Wadannan kumfa, yayin da suke tashi, suna taruwa a karkashin kankara suna daskarewa a ciki, suna sanya kankara ta zama mai rauni da raha.
A cikin waɗannan yankuna masu laushi, an ƙirƙira yanayi don mafi kyawun musayar iska, wanda ke jan hankalin molluscs, soya da leɓe, wanda ya zama sauƙin ganima ga desman.
Hakanan, wataƙila, ƙanshin miski yana da daɗi ga mazaunan ruwa. Tushen wannan ƙanshin shine mai miski mai ɓoye daga gland wanda yake cikin kashi na uku na jelar desman.
Don haka, dabbar ba dole ba ce ta hanzarta zuwa gwaiwa don neman abinci - ana jan abincin da kansa zuwa ramuka, wanda Desman ke motsawa akai-akai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yayinda suke saduwa, sai desman ya fito daga cikin kabarinsu ya sami abokin aure. Suna jawo hankalin abokin tarayya ta hanyar ihu. Desman abu ne mai matukar wuyar gaske da sirri har ma gogaggen masunta da ke yawan ziyartar wuraren da wadannan dabbobi ke gida ba sa iya amsa tambayar “yadda desman yake ihu?”.
Mata suna da saukin kai da sautuka masu daɗi, amma maza suna ihu da ƙarfi. Duk tsawon lokacin zabar ma'aurata yana tare da rikice-rikice da faɗa tsakanin maza. Desman ciki yana ɗaukar makonni 6 - 7, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka haifi ɗiya ɗaya zuwa biyar. Nauyin sabon jariri desman da wuya ya wuce gram 3.
Ana haihuwar jarirai tsirara, makaho kuma ba su da komai - rayuwarsu kai tsaye ta dogara ne da kulawar iyayensu. Mace da namiji duk suna kula da zuriyar, suna kula da tsintsa a cikin canje-canje kuma ba sa zuwa kansu don abinci.
Kubiyowa sun fara ciyar da abincin manya a karan kansu wata daya bayan haihuwa. Sun zama masu cikakken yanci yanada shekaru 4 - 5. Bayan wani rabin shekara, sun balaga ga jima'i kuma sun riga sun sami damar ƙirƙirar ma'aurata da ɗaukar offspringa .a.
Shekaru guda, mace mace tana iya kawo zuriya biyu. Kololuwar haihuwa yana faruwa a tsakanin watannin Mayu zuwa Yuni da Nuwamba zuwa Disamba. Duba a hankali desman hotuna... Wadannan halittu sun bayyana a duniya shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata, sun rayu a lokaci guda da mammoths, sun rayu da adadi mai ban mamaki na hadari.
Kuma yanzu, a zamaninmu, suna gab da halaka saboda bushewa da gurɓatar jikin ruwa, kamun kifi mai son gida tare da raga, da kuma cikakken rashin kulawa da matsalolin muhalli daga ɓangaren ɗan adam.
