Tsuntsu mai cin kudan zuma. Yanayin kudan zuma da mazauninsu

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Mai cin kudan zuma - mafi kyawun tsuntsu na nahiyar Turai, kuma ana kiran sa haka da kyau. A kowane irin hoto na wannan tsuntsu, za ku iya ganin duk hasken sa da yake bambanta. Wannan ƙaramin tsuntsu mai launi ba zai iya rikicewa da wani ba, kuma kukanta mai kira "schurr schurr" kansa yana faɗin wanda ke gabanka. Wani suna masu cin kudan zuma.

Mai cin zinare mai zinare

Wurin zama da fasali

Wannan karamin tsuntsun yana daga cikin tsari irin na Raksha, dangin mai cin kudan zuma. Yawancin mazaunan suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi da zafi na Afirka; ana kuma samun wannan nau'in a kudancin Turai, Asiya, Madagascar, New Guinea da Ostiraliya.

Raba mai cin zinare mai zinare, wanda yake tsuntsayen ƙaura ne, kuma yana tashi zuwa Afirka mai zafi ko Indiya don hunturu. Iyakar arewacin rarrabawa a cikin Turai shine arewacin Yankin Iberian, arewacin Italia. Tana zaune kusan dukkanin Turkiyya, Iran, Arewacin Iraq da Afghanistan.

Theasashe masu ɗumi na Bahar Rum kusan duk gida ne ga mai cin kudan zuma. Jinsi a kan Nahiyar Afirka har zuwa 30⁰ arewa latitud. A ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, ba sa zama a arewacin yankunan Ryazan, Tambov, Tula. Mazaunin mai cin zinaren ya fadada zuwa kwarin kogunan Oka, Don, Sviyaga.

Rarraba iri-iri, foci. Therarin yanayin zafi a cikin hamada da hamada koren kudan-zuma... Akwai da yawa nau'in masu cin kudan zumamai suna galibi bisa ga bayyanar. Mafi mahimmanci shine zinariya. Isaramar tsuntsuwa ce mai girman tauraruwa.

Jikin yana da tsayin cm 26, baki yana da 3.5 cm, kuma nauyin shi gram 53-56. Tana kama, kamar kowane dangi, mai jan hankali - shuɗi, kore, rawaya a cikin plumage yana sa mai cin zinare zama mafi tsuntsu mafi kyau a Turai.

A cikin hoton ɗan kore ne mai cin kudan zuma

Zamu iya magana na dogon lokaci game da bambancin launin wadannan tsuntsayen. Suna da hular kwano a kai, kunci, maƙogwaro, ciki da kirji, baya mai launuka iri-iri, wutsiyar sama, tashi da gashin jela. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa launuka sun fi yawa a cikin bayyanar, launin fuka-fukai kuma yana canzawa tare da shekaru. A cikin samari tsuntsaye, yana da dimmer. Da kyau, kamar yadda ake tsammani, maza sun fi mata kyau.

Salon rayuwa

A lokacin bazara, a farkon watan Mayu, garken masu cin kudan zuma suna taruwa a wuraren da suke gida. Lonungiyoyi na iya zama daga mutane 5 zuwa 1000. Da suka isa wurin gida gida, masu cin kudan zuma sun kasu biyu-biyu, amma ba sa rasa ruhin haɗin kai - idan ɗayansu ya sami matsala, ya tayar da gida, to sauran za su tashi cikin damuwa da nuna juyayi ko damuwa.

Don mazauninsu a cikin kewayon, masu cin kudan zuma suna zaɓar tuddai a gefen bakin dutse, rami ko kwazazzabo. Zasu iya yin gida a kan manyan kogunan kogi ko cikin kwarin kogi. Suna guje wa garuruwa masu hayaniya, amma suna iya zaɓar gefen gari don daidaitawa tare da tsoffin, gine-ginen da aka lalata, a cikin katuwar katangar da zasu iya yin gida.

Mai cin kudan zuma tsuntsayen ƙaura ne, kuma a lokacin ƙaura yana tattarawa a cikin garken tumaki da ya haɗu da mutane ɗari da yawa. Yaran dabbobi da manyan tsuntsaye na ɗan lokaci kafin su tashi suna zama kusa da mazauninsu, daga nan sai su fara tashi nesa da nesa kuma suna tashi a waje da zangonsu.

Har zuwa kaka, ana ci gaba da yin ƙaura, wanda ke juyawa zuwa jirgin tsuntsaye. Har zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, za ku iya lura da jirgin sama mai ci na masu cin kudan zuma. Masu cin kudan zuma sun mamaye yankin kudu maso yamma na Afirka da Afirka ta Kudu.

Abinci

Abincin yau da kullun na mai cin kudan zuma kusan daidai yake da nasa - yana bukatar abinci kusan gram 40, kuma wadannan kwari ne na musamman. Asali mai cin kudan zuma ya ci kwari masu tashi, amma suna iya hawa a kan tashi kuma suna rarrafe tare da tsintsaye da saman ciyawar.

Bayan ya kama babban kwari, tsuntsun ya kashe shi ta hanyar buge shi a ƙasa ko kuma rassan bishiyoyi, a lokaci guda kuma ya karya fikafikansa masu wuya a cikin ƙwaro, kuma a cikin ƙudan zuma yana murƙushewa. Abincinta ya hada da mazari, sauro, butterflies, beetles, darkling beetles, leaf beetles.

Wani fasali na mai cin kudan zuma shi ne cewa yana son cin kwari wadanda ke da hanyoyin kariya masu yawa - wasps da ƙudan zuma, wanda babban mutum zai iya ci har guda 225 a kowace rana. Tsuntsaye sun fi son farautar nau'ikan kwari masu tashi, wadanda mafi kankanta daga cikinsu sune kudan zuma.

Amma kuma suna iya cin naman bera da Mayuka masu nauyin nauyi gram 1. Adadin abincin da aka ci ya dogara da yalwarta. Idan a cikin daji da wuya wani zai kula da wannan, to, masu kiwon zuma ba sa son mai cin kudan zuma sosai ga wannan fasalin. Mulkin mallaka na masu cin kudan zuma na iya lalata apiary.

Tsuntsun mai cin kudan zuma a cikin jirgin

A cikin 1941, jaridar "Khoperskaya Pravda" ta yi kira da a harbi mai cin kudan zuma a matsayin makiyin kiwon zuma. A baya can, an bada shawarar fitar da su daga apiaries, tubali sama da rami tare da nests. Amma kididdiga ta nuna cewa masu cin kudan zuma a kowace shekara suna lalata kashi 0.45-0.9% kawai na yawan kudan zuma da ke mutuwa.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Abubuwan da aka kirkira daga masu cin kudan zuma a wurin shimfidar gida sun fara haƙa rami a cikin yumbu ko dutsen mai yashi. Aiki na jiki yafi sauka akan kafadar namiji. An haƙa rami tare da bugun jini na mita 1-1.5 da kuma diamita na kusan cm 5. A ƙarshen mink akwai tsawa don gida. Yawan ƙasa da aka watsar daga burrow ɗaya shine kilogiram 6.5-7.

Kusa da babban burrow, tururin yana tono ƙarin wasu da yawa. Tsuntsaye suna aiki na awanni 1-2, sa'annan su huta sosai. Gabaɗaya, yakan ɗauki daga kwana 3 zuwa makonni 2 don gina nests. A lokacin zaman soyayya, maza na kamo kwari don mata, suna kula da su, suna bayyana a fili tare da halayensu cewa za su zama iyayen da suka cancanta kuma za su iya ciyar da iyali. Lokacin da mace ta gamsu da daidaituwar abin da ta zaɓa, saduwa tana faruwa.

Gidajen kudan zuma

A karshen watan Mayu, mace tana yin daga kwai 4 zuwa 10 masu nauyin gram 6.5-7.5. Qwai suna da oval, suna da launi kaɗan-kaɗan, wanda ke shuɗewa a kan lokaci. Mace tana saka musu, yayin da Namiji ke ciyar da ita. Amma wani lokacin takan maye gurbin wanda ta zaba domin ta iya kasuwancin ta. Shiryawa da ƙwai yana ɗaukar makonni 3-4.

Kaza suna bayyana kusan tsirara, kawai gutsuttsen fluff ne kawai za a iya samu a kan kambi ko gindi. Bayan kamar kwanaki 27-30, kajin sun cika fataucinsu kuma sun bar gida. A cikin shekarun da ba su da kyau, lokacin da ƙarancin abinci, ƙaramin kajin da ke cin abincin sun mutu. Tsuntsaye na ganima ba su da sha'awa tsuntsu mai cin kudan zuma, amma karnuka ko karnuka ne zasu iya tono gurinta.

Kodayake waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da yawa, a cikin Red Books na Jamhuriyar Belarus, Mari El, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia da wasu batutuwa na Tarayyar Rasha, kuna iya samun shafi tare da mai cin zinare na zinare. Ikonmu ne mu tabbatar da cewa wannan tsuntsu, kamar an kirkireshi don gasar kyau, zai ci gaba da farantawa mutane rai da kamanninta.

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