Fasalin Firefly da mazauninsu
A daren bazara, ƙuraren wuta abubuwan kallo ne masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki, lokacin da, kamar a cikin almara, fitilu masu launuka iri-iri suna walƙiya kamar ƙananan taurari a cikin duhu.
Haskensu ya zo a cikin launuka masu launin ja-rawaya da kore, na tsawan lokaci da haske. Firefly kwari na cikin umarnin Coleoptera, dangin beetles, wanda yawansu yakai kimanin nau'in dubu biyu, aka rarraba a kusan duk sassan duniya.
Wakilan kwari mafi kyawu sun zauna a cikin subtropics da wurare masu zafi. A kan yankin ƙasarmu, akwai kusan nau'ikan 20. Glowworm a yaren Latin ana kiransa: Lampyridae.
Irin wadannan kwari kwari ne na duniya da ke aiki a cikin duhu. Kallon su da rana, ba zai yuwu ba a gaskata cewa irin wannan kwari mara wayewa zai iya zama mai daɗi da daddare.
Suna da girman daga rabin zuwa santimita biyu kuma ana rarrabe su da ƙaramin kai, manyan idanu, da kuma kwance a sama. Glowworm, kamar yadda aka gani akan hoton, yana da fukafukai da eriya guda biyu haɗe a goshin, ya bambanta, ya danganta da nau'in, a cikin sifa da girma.
Wani fasali na kwarin wuta shine kasancewar wasu gabobi masu haske a jikin mahaifar kwari, wanda ya kunshi abubuwan nunawa cike da lu'ulu'u na uric acid kuma, wanda ke sama da su, kwayoyin halittun masu daukar hoto wadanda jijiyoyin jikinsu da bututun iska suka toshe, ta inda oxygen ke shiga.
Hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa da ke faruwa a can an bayyana su daidai me yasa ƙuraren wuta suke ƙyalƙyali kuma daga abin da suke haskawa. Kwari suna amfani da irin wadannan sakonni don kare kansu daga yiwuwar makiya, ta haka ne suke sanar dasu rashin dacewar su, da kuma jawo hankalin wasu halittun nasu na jinsi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwa na gobarar
Daga cikin mafi yawan kwatankwacin wakilan kwari da ke zaune a cikin layukan mu shine tsutsa na Ivanov. Yana zaune kamar wannan firefly a cikin gandun daji, a lokacin dumi, mai nuna ayyukan dare.
Wakilan wadannan kwarin sukan share yini suna buya a cikin ciyawa mai yawa. Mata suna da jiki mai tsayi, mai launi, launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa tare da ratsi-fari fari uku a kan ciki, ba za su iya tashi ba, kuma ba su da fukafukai. A cikin bayyanar, suna kama da larvae kimanin 18 mm tsawo.
Irin wadannan kwari suna iya canza sihiri gaba daya ta sihiri, suna haska fitilunsu a kan ciyawa da kuma cikin daji, suna walƙiya da walƙiya. Mai kama walƙiya - abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba. Wasu daga cikinsu, waɗanda ke yin haske da annuri, suna tashi zuwa sama suna motsa bishiyoyi.
Kuma a sa'an nan, a cikin guguwar iska mai ƙarfi, suna harbawa kamar rokoki na wasan wuta na dare. Wadannan zafin wutar maza sun sami budurwansu suka ruga cikin ciyawar da ke kusa da su.
Wakilan kwari na maza suna da jiki mai sigar kimanin santimita daya da rabi, babban kai da manyan idanun ido. Ba kamar mata ba, suna tashi sosai.
Wakilan wadannan kwari daga jinsin Luciola sun zauna a cikin Caucasus haske tare da gajeren haske kowane dakika daya ko biyu, mai kama da Photinus irin ƙwaro daga Arewacin Amurka da irin wannan yanayin.
Wani lokaci ƙuraren wuta suna fitar da ƙarin haske mai ci gaba a cikin jirgin, kamar taurari masu harbi, fitilun sama da fitilun rawa a kan ƙarancin daren kudu. A cikin tarihi, akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da amfani da ƙurar wuta ta mutane a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun.
Misali, tarihin ya nuna cewa fararen fararen fata wadanda suka isa Brazil akan jiragen ruwa Ina ma fireflies suna rayuwa, ya haskaka gidajensu da hasken halitta.
Kuma Indiyawa, suna farauta, sun ɗaure waɗannan fitilun na kafa a yatsunsu. Kuma kwari masu haske ba kawai sun taimaka don gani a cikin duhu ba, har ma suna tsoratar da macizai masu dafi. Mai kama da haka fasalin wuta wani lokacin al'ada ne don kwatanta kaddarorin da fitila mai kyalli.
Koyaya, wannan haske na halitta ya fi dacewa, saboda ta fitowar fitilunsu, kwari basa zafi kuma basa ƙaran zafin jiki. Tabbas, yanayi ya kula da wannan, in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da mutuwar ƙuraren wuta.
Abinci
Fireflies suna rayuwa a cikin ciyawa, a cikin daji, a cikin gansakuka ko a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki. Kuma da daddare sukan tafi farauta. Fireflies suna ciyarwa tururuwa, kananan gizo-gizo, larvae na wasu kwari, kananan dabbobi, katantanwa da shuke-shuke masu lalacewa.
Manyan gogaggen ba sa ciyarwa, amma suna wanzuwa ne kawai don haihuwa, suna mutuwa bayan sun gama jima'i da kuma aiwatar da kwan ƙwai. Abun takaici, wasannin mating din wadannan kwari wani lokacin sukan kai matsayin cin naman mutane.
Wanene zai yi tunanin cewa matan waɗannan kwari masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda suke ado ne na daren bazara na Allah, galibi suna da halayyar ɓata gari.
Mata na nau'ikan Photuris, suna ba da sigina na yaudara ga mazan wani jinsi, kawai suna lalata su, kamar don haɗuwa, kuma maimakon saduwa da ake so, ta cinye su. Wannan halayyar ana kiranta m mimmimic mimicry daga masana kimiyya.
Amma kudaren wuta ma suna da matukar amfani, musamman ga mutane, cin abinci da kuma kawar da kwari masu haɗari a cikin ganyen bishiyoyi da cikin lambuna. Fireflies a gonar Alama ce mai kyau ga mai lambu.
A Japan, inda mafi yawan al'adu da ban sha'awa na waɗannan kwari ke rayuwa, ƙuraren wuta suna son zama a filayen shinkafa, inda suke ci, suna lalata ɗimbin yawa, katantanwa na ruwa, suna share gonakin baƙi marasa amfani, suna kawo fa'idodi masu ƙima.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Hasken da kurar wuta ke bayarwa yana zuwa mitoci daban-daban, wanda ke taimaka musu lokacin saduwa. Lokacin da lokacin haihuwa ya zo ga namiji, sai ya tafi neman wanda aka zaba. Kuma ita ce ta banbanta shi da inuwar sakonnin haske kamar na ta na miji.
Mafi yawan alamun nuna soyayya, da karin damar da abokin zama zai farantawa kyakkyawar abokiyar zama. A cikin yankuna masu zafi, daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na dazuzzuka, masu dawakai har ma suna shirya wa ƙaunatattunsu wani nau'in haske da ƙungiyar kade-kade da wake-wake, walƙiya da kashe fitilu masu haske, waɗanda suke walƙiya kamar hasken rana na manyan biranen.
A daidai lokacin da manyan idanun maza suka karbi siginar sirrin da ke wajaba daga mace, sai wutar ta sauka kusa da ita, kuma ma auratan suna gaishe da juna da hasken wuta na wani lokaci, bayan haka kuma aikin kwafin na faruwa.
Mata, idan saduwa ta yi nasara, tana sanya kwayaye, daga inda manyan tsutsa suke fitowa. Su ne na ƙasa da na ruwa, galibi baƙi ne masu launin rawaya.
Larvae suna da wadatar zuci da ci mai ban sha'awa. Zasu iya cin bawo da molluscs da ƙananan invertebrates a matsayin abinci mai kyawawa. Suna da damar haske iri ɗaya kamar ta manya. Tatattara a lokacin bazara, idan yanayin sanyi ya shiga, suna ɓoye a cikin bawon, inda suke zama don hunturu.
Kuma a cikin bazara, bayan sun farka, sai suka sake fara cin abinci na tsawon wata ɗaya, wani lokacin kuma ƙari. Daga nan sai tsarin karatun yara, wanda yake daga kwana 7 zuwa 18. Bayan wannan, manya suna bayyana, a shirye don su ba mutane mamaki da kyakkyawar annurinsu a cikin duhu. Rayuwar babban mutum ta kai kimanin watanni uku zuwa hudu.
