Zaki. Girman kai. Dokokin iyali da na halitta
An yarda da iko tun zamanin da zaki a cikin duniyar dabbobi yanayi. Hotunansa a cikin zane-zanen dutsen, zane-zane, rigunan makamai da tutoci suna ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
A cikin tsohuwar Misira, mutum ya ga dabbar a matsayin allahn ƙasa mai iko. Har yau, ana kiransa sarkin dabbobi ko zaki sarki, da kuma kare ɗayan mafi girma da kuma ban sha'awa dabbobi a ƙasa.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Daga cikin masu kirki, kawai damisa, wanda girmansa bai fi na sarki ba, zai iya yin takara da zaki. Nauyin dabba ya kai 200-250 kg, tsayin jikin babban dabba kusan 2.5 m, wanda aka ƙara kusan mitsi na jela tare da baƙin gashi mai baƙin gashi. A ciki akwai "tsinkaye" na ƙananan maganganu, ƙarin makamin mai farauta. Manyan abubuwa ba sa hana dabbar ta zama mai saurin lalacewa da sauri.
Ana bambanta maza ta hanyar motsa jiki wanda ya girma daga shekaru 2 kuma ya rufe jiki daga wuya zuwa kirji. Launin abin motsawa yana yin duhu tare da shekarun dabba, wanda ke ƙara mahimmanci. Gabaɗaya an yarda da cewa irin wannan gigin-rai na woolen yana tausasa bugun abokan hamayya a cikin faɗa.
Namiji zaki a hoton
Tsawon gashin mangoro ya kai cm 40. Kaurin sa, fasalin sa da launin sa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: shekaru, mazauni, ƙaramin yanki, yanayi, yanayin rayuwa. A cikin fursuna, motsin zakoki koyaushe ya fi kyau, tunda ba lallai ne a sanya shi cikin kauri ko faɗa ba.
Samar da testosterone yana da babban tasiri akan samuwar gashin jika, saboda haka, tsakanin zakuna, matsayin shugaba koyaushe yana tare da maigidan abin birgewa. Zakiran zaki basu da girma, nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 140, amma sun fi abokan tarayya alheri, tunda sune manyan mafarautan dangi. Girman girma da girma zai sa ya zama da wahala a bi ganima.
A cikin hoton zakanya
Kan dabbar yana da girma, tare da danshi mai tsayi, manyan muƙamuƙi. Fangi har zuwa 8 cm tsawo zai ba da damar mafarauta su kai hari ga manyan dabbobi. Jiki muscular ne, ƙafafuwan suna da ƙarfi, tare da janye ƙusoshin a kan yatsun. Za a iya rina gashin gajeren jiki daga fari-launin toka-zuwa rawaya-kasa-kasa.
Babban dangi zaki a cikin yanayi: Jaguar, damisa da damisa, - dabbobin Afirka... Kasusuwan tarihi sun tabbatar da wanzuwar su, an kiyasta shekarun su zuwa shekaru miliyan 1.
A wani lokaci a zamanin da, mazaunin zakuna ya fi na yanzu girma: ya mamaye dukkan yankin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Turai, kudu da Rasha ta yanzu, da arewa maso yammacin Indiya.
Cutar da dabbar da mutum yayi da rage mazaunin sun zama masu lalata mai farautar. Ya kasance a cikin yanayin kawai a yankin Saharar Afirka da dajin Gir na ƙasar Indiya.
Daga cikin ragi 12 da suka wanzu a zamanin, shida sun rayu. Daga cikin dadaddun kabilu, shahararren Barbary zaki, mafi girma dabbar daji daga dangi. Nauyin ƙattai ya wuce kilogiram 300, kuma tsayin jikin ya wuce 3 m. An halaka wakilin ƙarshe na jinsin a cikin 1922.
Farin Zaki ba keɓaɓɓe azaman ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni ba dabba. Launi mai laushi na kyawawan gashi sakamakon halaye ne na ɗabi'a. Ma'aikatan Afirka ta Kudu da ke cikin fursuna suna ɗaga waɗannan zakoki don yin oda don dalilan ganima.
A cikin hoton akwai farin zaki
Savannahs wuri ne da aka fi so da zakuna, amma wani lokacin sukan koma daji ko kuma wuraren da ke da ciyawar daji. Dabbobi suna buƙatar ɗimbin ruwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa - abubuwan da suke farauta.
Yanayi da salon zaki
Daga cikin zakuna masu farin jini, an bambanta su ta hanyar ƙirƙirar rukunin iyali na daban, ko girman kai. Ya ƙunshi manya da yawa, da zuriyarsu. 'Ya'yan zaki zaki bar girman kai na iyaye bayan sun balaga.
Sun zama masu kaɗaici a wannan lokacin, lokaci yayi da basu sami sabon alfahari ba tare da wani tsohon shugaba wanda zai ba da haƙƙinsa ga mai ƙarfi ko kuma ya kasance makiyaya har tsawon rayuwarsu. Girman kai yana rayuwa ne ta wasu ka'idoji, wanda membobin kungiyar ke bi. Ana korar baƙi a nan, maza suna kiyaye yankinsu, dangin iyali suna taka rawar haɗin kai.
A hoto, girman girman zaki
Babban mafarautan sune zaki. Amfanin su shine saurin aiki, sassauci da sauri. Nasara ya dogara da daidaito da bayyanar da halayen zaki. Yawan amfanin farautar dabba a cikin tawaga a bayyane yake, amma rabon ganima ya dogara da namiji, idan yana kusa. Ya kamata a san cewa zakuna suna rikici da juna yayin cin abinci.
Mazaje ba safai suke farautar kansu ba, amma idan wanda aka azabtar da su ya kama su, to zaki yana cin abincin shi kadai. Mane yana kara motsa jiki kuma yana taimakawa dumama jiki, saboda haka babban aikin mafarauta na mata ne. Kowane mai farauta cikin girman kai yana yin takamaiman manufa: mafarauci, mai tsaron yankin, mai kare zuriya.
A cikin hoton akwai zakoki a cikin farautar
Babban aikin masu farauta ya bayyana bayan faduwar rana. Kyakkyawan hangen nesa na dare yana taimakawa ga farauta mai nasara. Sannan zakuna nutsuwa cikin hutawa da kula da zuriya. Wace irin dabba ce a cikin da'irar dangi ana iya gani da rana.
Sarkin dabbobi kusan bashi da abokan gaba saboda girmansa da ƙarfinsa. Amma mutuwa da rauni sun mamaye dabbobi a cikin gwagwarmayar neman matsayin shugaba cikin girman kai. Maza ba su ƙasa da kishiyoyi idan akwai haɗuwa. Dabbobin rashin lafiya ko waɗanda suka ji rauni sun raunana, sun zama waɗanda akasarin kuraye, bauna ko damisa.
Manyan masu farauta suna fama da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, suna shafar inda dabbar ba ta isa yankin jiki da haƙoranta ko ƙafafuwanta ba. Cin naman dabba na haifar da kamuwa da helminths. Cuta tana tilasta alfarma masu ƙaura yin ƙaura don kiyaye lambobi.
Abincin zaki
Abincin masu farauta ya ƙunshi dabbobi masu ƙafafu-dabbare: dabbobi, dabbobin daji, zebra da sauransu dabbobin savanna. zaki ko da gawar, kananan beraye ba za su rasa ba. Duk da kaifi da dogayen hauka, mai farautar ya makale abincinsa.
Toarfin ɓoyewa cikin nutsuwa, sannan walƙiyar sauri don riskar wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar tsalle baya barin damar tsira ga yawancin mazauna savannah. Zaki yana da ƙarfi da sauri a cikin tazara kaɗan, saboda haka, yana kusa da garken tumaki kamar yadda zai yiwu don saurin tsalle. Wannan nisan yakai kimanin mita 30. Da yawa daga cikin dabbobin da ke da girman kai iri daya suna kaiwa hari daga wurare daban-daban lokaci guda.
Ana farauta farauta da dare. Soraya daga cikin sihiri mai nasara yana ba dabbobin fahariya 4-5 abinci tsawon mako guda. Matakan da ba su da nauyi daga kilogiram 50 zuwa 300 sun zama waɗanda aka cutar. A cikin Afirka, waɗannan sau da yawa sun fi kyau, jakunan daji, bauna, a Indiya - boars daji, barewa. Hare-hare kan karkanda ko rakumin dawa manya ba safai ba saboda haɗarin rauni.
Zaɓin abin farauta ya dogara da kasancewar su a yankin; a cikin manyan mutane, dabbobin dabbobi ko waɗanda suka ji rauni da raunin mutane suna da sha'awar mai farautar. A wani lokaci, zaki na iya cin nama har zuwa kilogiram 30, duk da cewa kilogiram 7 na miji da kilogiram 5 ga mace sun isa cikawa.
Idan ganima tana bukatar adanawa, to zakuna suna kiyaye ta daga kurayen da ke saurin girgizawa, guguwar ungulu akan abinci. Farauta tana haɗa girman kai: maza suna zuwa agaji idan sun sami babban haɗari, kuma zuriya tana lura da ayyukan manya.
Gwajin farko na farautar, liona lionan zaki sun fara fita yana da shekara 1, kuma daga shekara 2 da haihuwa suna samun abinci da kansu. Hare-hare a kan mutane halayyar dabbobin da suka rasa ikon yin farauta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balaga ta jima'i ta zakoki tana farawa ne daga shekara 4. Haihuwar zuriya ba ta da alaƙa da yanayi, don haka ana iya samun samari masu shekaru daban-daban kusa da uwa. Ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 110, kuma brood yakan ƙunshi liona lionan zaki 3. Bayan haihuwa, ba su da komai gaba ɗaya: ƙarami a girma, har zuwa tsawon 30 cm kuma kusan kilogram 1.5 a nauyi, makaho. Suna fara gani cikin sati guda, kuma suna tafiya cikin sati uku.
A cikin hoton zakoki
Daga wurin haihuwar jarirai, nesa da ɓoyayye daga girman kai, mace tana canza ɗiyanta zuwa wani sabon rookery. Yana yin hakan sau da yawa don kare samari daga masu farauta waɗanda ke jin ƙamshin tarin ƙamshin. Kuraye, diloli, macizai shahararrun masoya ne na farautar kananan 'ya'yan zaki. Zakin zaki dawo cikin girman kai bayan makonni 6-8.
Idan babban namiji a cikin girman kai ya ba da ƙarfi ga wanda ya fi ƙarfi, to 'ya'yan tsohon shugaban ba su da damar rayuwa. Za a hallakar da 'ya'yan. Akwai isassun barazana da haɗari ga rayuwar jarirai, don haka kashi 20% ne kawai ke girma daga cikinsu bayan shekaru biyu.
A cikin girman kai, 'ya'yan zaki suna kiyayewa kusa da mahaifiyarsu, wasu mata ba koyaushe suke barin jariran wasu mutane kusa da su ba. Amma akwai lokutan da dakin gandun zaki yake samuwa daga froma cuban da ke karkashin kulawar zaki ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke farauta.
Yana da shekaru 4-5, samari waɗanda suka bar girman kansu na asali suna ƙoƙari su sami matsayin tsohon shugaba a cikin baƙon iyali. Idan mata suka mara masa baya, zai yi nasara. Yawancin zakuna da suka raunana sun mutu don kare girman kai.
Rayuwar masu farauta a cikin yanayi ya kai shekaru 15, kuma cikin ƙangi yana ƙaruwa sosai zuwa shekaru 20-30. Kasancewar dabba cikin takama tana tsawaita rayuwarsa, akasin mutanen da aka kora da kuma jagorancin rayuwar yawo. An bayyana girman sarautar dabbar a cikin yanayin girman kai, wataƙila shi ya sa wannan mai farautar da ƙimar iyali ke da sha'awa ga mutum.
