Saigas (lat. Saiga tatarica) suna cikin dabbobi masu tasowa na artiodactyl daga dangin bovid, saboda dadadden lokacin da garken su ke kiwo tare da mammoths. A yau akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu Saiga tatarica tatarica (saiga kore) da Saiga tatarica mongolica (ja saiga).
Hakanan a cikin mutane ana kiran waɗannan dabbobi margach da ɓatar arewa. A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in yana cikin tsananin kariya, kamar yadda yake dab da karewa.
Wasu mutanen da suka taka tarko sun dauki wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsarki. Taken alakar kut-da-kut tsakanin wadannan dabbobi da mutane ya bayyana a cikin labarin marubuci Ahmedkhan Abu-Bakar "Farin Saiga".
Fasali da mazauninsu
Lallai wannan dabba bata da kyau. Abu na farko da nan da nan zai baka idan ka duba saiga hoto - ƙyamar wulaƙancin da suke da shi da kuma wayoyin hannu tare da hancin hanci da ke kusa. Wannan tsarin hanci yana ba da damar dumi iska mai sanyi a lokacin hunturu kawai, amma kuma yana riƙe da ƙura a lokacin bazara.
Bugu da ƙari ga kan kansa mai laushi, saiga yana da jiki mara ɗaci, tsawa mai tsayi zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi da sirara, ƙafafu masu tsayi, waɗanda, kamar kowane dabba mai ƙyallen kafa, ya ƙare da yatsun kafa biyu da kofato.
Tsayin dabba ya kai 80 cm a busasshiyar, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilogiram 40 ba. Launin dabbobi na canzawa dangane da yanayi. A lokacin hunturu, gashin yana da kauri da dumi, haske, mai launin ja, kuma a lokacin rani yana da ja ja, ya fi duhu a baya.
Kan maza yana da kambi mai haske, mai kalar rawaya, ƙahonin siffa mai tsayi har zuwa tsawon 30 cm. Kakakin saiga fara kusan nan da nan bayan haihuwar maraƙi. Waɗannan ƙahonin ne suka haifar da bacewar wannan nau'in.
Tabbas, a cikin 90s na karnin da ya gabata, an siye ƙaho saiga da kyau akan kasuwar baƙar fata, farashinsu yayi tsada sosai. Saboda haka, mafarauta sun hallaka su a dubun dubbai. A yau saigas suna zaune a Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan, tuddai na Kazakhstan da Mongolia. A kan yankin ana iya samun su a cikin Kalmykia da cikin yankin Astrakhan.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Inda saiga yake zaune, yakamata ya bushe kuma yalwatacce. Manufa don steppe ko Semi-hamada. Kayan lambu a cikin mazauninsu ba safai ba, don haka dole ne su zagaya koyaushe don neman abinci.
Amma garken dabbobi sun fi son nisanta daga filayen da aka shuka, tunda saboda yanayin da bai dace ba, ba za su iya gudu da sauri ba. Zasu iya mamaye shuke-shuke na noma ne kawai a cikin shekarar da ta bushe, kuma, ba kamar tumaki ba, ba sa tattake amfanin gona. Su ma ba sa son filin tudu.
Saiga dabbaabin da ke rike a cikin garke. Kyakkyawan gani mai ban mamaki shine ƙaurawar garken garken dubban kawuna. Kamar rafi, sun bazu a ƙasa. Kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda nau'in Gudun daji - amble.
Tafiya yana iya yin gudu na tsawon lokaci a gudun har zuwa 70 km / h. Kuma wannan yana iyo dabbar daji saiga kyakkyawa mai kyau, akwai sanannun al'amuran dabbobi wadanda suke tsallaka koguna masu fadi sosai, misali, Volga. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, dabbar tana yin tsalle a tsaye yayin gudu.
Ya danganta da lokacin, ko dai su koma kudu lokacin da hunturu ya gabato kuma farkon dusar ƙanƙara. 'Yan cirani ba safai suke sadaukarwa ba. A kokarin tserewa daga dusar ƙanƙarar, garken zai iya yin tafiyar kilomita 200 ba tare da tsayawa a rana ɗaya ba.
Masu rauni da marasa lafiya sun gaji kawai kuma, suna faɗuwa kan gudu, sun mutu. Idan suka daina, zasu rasa garken su. A lokacin rani, garken ya yi ƙaura zuwa arewa, inda ciyawar ta fi dacewa kuma akwai wadataccen ruwan sha.
Ana haihuwar jariran waɗannan dabbobin daji a ƙarshen bazara, kuma kafin haihuwa, saigas suna zuwa wasu yankuna. Idan yanayi bai dace da dabbobi ba, sai su fara hijirar bazara, sannan ana iya ganin jarirai a cikin garken.
Iyaye mata suna barin theira aloneansu alonea alonea guda ɗaya a cikin matattakalar, zo sau biyu kawai a rana don ciyar dasu
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 3-4 da yin nauyi har zuwa 4 kilogiram, suna ban dariya bayan mahaifiyarsu, suna ƙoƙari su ci gaba. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna aiki da rana kuma suna bacci da dare. Dabbobi na iya tserewa daga babban makiyinsu, kerkeci mai tarko, kawai ta hanzarta gudu.
Saiga abinci mai gina jiki
A cikin yanayi daban-daban, garken saigas na iya ciyar da nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri-iri, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ma guba ne ga wasu shuke-shuke. Icyunƙun ruwa na hatsi, alkamar alkama da itaciya, quinoa da hodgepodge, kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire ɗari ne kawai ke cikin abincin margach a lokacin rani.
Ciyarwa akan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dabbobin daji suna magance matsalar su ta ruwa kuma suna iya yin hakan na dogon lokaci. Kuma a lokacin sanyi, dabbobi na cin dusar kankara maimakon ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin saduwa don saigas ya faɗi a ƙarshen Nuwamba-farkon Disamba. Lokacin da ake binsu, kowane namiji yana neman ƙirƙirar "harem" daga yawancin mata yadda zai yiwu. Balaga a cikin mata ya fi na maza sauri. Tuni a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, suna shirye don kawo zuriya.
A lokacin rutting, ana fitar da ruwan ruwan kasa mai ɗaci, wari mara daɗi daga glandon dake kusa da idanuwa. Godiya ga wannan “ƙamshin” ɗin da maza ke jin junan su koda da daddare ne.
Sau da yawa akan yi artabu mai zafi tsakanin maza biyu, suna yin karo da juna, suna cin karo da goshinsu da ƙahoninsu, har sai ɗayan abokan hamayyar ya ci nasara.
A cikin irin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe, dabbobi galibi suna yin mummunan rauni, wanda daga baya za su iya mutuwa. Wanda ya yi nasara ya ɗauki matan da ya fi so a cikin gidan mata. Lokacin rutting yana kimanin kwanaki 10.
Garken ƙaho mai ƙarfi da lafiya yana ɗauke da mata har zuwa 50, kuma a ƙarshen bazara kowannensu zai sami daga ɗayan (samari mata) zuwa toa calan saiga guda uku. Kafin fara nakuda, mata na zuwa matattakan jeji, nesa da ramin shayarwa. Wannan ita ce kadai hanyar da za ku iya kare kanku da yaranku daga masu cin nama.
A cikin fewan kwanakin farko, saiga maraƙi kusan ba ya motsi kuma yana kwance, yana tsugune a ƙasa. Furwanta kusan yana haɗuwa da ƙasa. 'Yan wasu lokuta ne kawai a rana uwa take zuwa wa jaririnta don ta ba shi madara, sauran lokutan kuma sai kawai ta yi kiwo a kusa.
Duk da cewa har yanzu cuban ba shi da ƙarfi, yana da rauni ƙwarai kuma ya zama mai sauƙin ganima ga dawakai da diloli, har ma da karnukan daji. Amma bayan kwanaki 7-10, saurayin saiga zai fara bin mahaifiyarsa duga-dugai, kuma bayan sama da makonni biyu yana iya yin sauri kamar na manya.
A matsakaici, a cikin yanayin yanayi, saigas suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru bakwai, kuma a cikin zaman talala, tsawon rayuwarsu ya kai shekaru goma sha biyu.
Komai irin dadadden zamanin wannan nau'in kayan kere-kere, bai kamata ya zama dadadden abu ba. Zuwa yau, duk matakan an ɗauka don kiyaye saigas a cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha da Kazakhstan. An ƙirƙiri wuraren adana wurare da wuraren bautar, babban ma'anar su shine kiyaye wannan asalin asalin don zuriya.
Kuma kawai ayyukan mafarauta waɗanda suka amsa tayin siyan ƙaho saiga, rage yawan jama'a kowace shekara. China na ci gaba da sayen kaho saiga, farashi a kan abin da yake birgima a kansa, kuma babu damuwa idan tsoffin ƙaho ne, ko sabo ne, daga dabbar da aka kashe kawai.
Yana da alaƙa da magungunan gargajiya. An yi imanin cewa foda da aka yi daga gare su na warkar da cututtuka da yawa na hanta da ciki, bugun jini, kuma har ma yana iya fitar da mutum daga hayyaci.
Muddin akwai buƙata, za a sami waɗanda ke son cin riba daga waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya. Kuma wannan zai haifar da bacewar ɓarna gabaɗaya, saboda kuna buƙatar ɗaukar gram 3 na foda daga ƙaho.
