Jay: Shining Mockingbird
Sunanta mai ban tsoro gandun daji tsuntsaye samu daga sifar tsohuwar kalmar aikatau ta Rasha, wacce take daidai da "haske" na zamani, don fuka-fukai masu haske da halaye masu daɗi. Baƙin shuɗi, shuɗi da fari, ko madubai, suna ƙawata jay, girmanta bai wuce 40 cm tare da jela ba.
Nauyin babban mutum ya kai gram 200. Jiki yana da launi mai launi koda, kuma fikafikan suna cike da launuka daban-daban. Paws masu launin ruwan kasa ne, fuka-fukai akan nono suna da haske. Bayyanannen ɗugu a saman kai yana nuna yanayin damuwa tsuntsaye. Blue jay musamman da kyau a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan, saboda hasken dutsen mai haske a bayansa da shuɗin shuɗi a kai.
Ana rarrabe shuɗin shuɗu da ruwan tokarsa da kansa
Jay yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, mai kaifi mai kaifi, mai dacewa da fatattakar ɓaure, kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itace masu wuya. Irin wannan ana iya samun shi tsuntsu mai haske a cikin gandun daji da yawa a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar jay
Jay mazaunin gandun daji ne na kowane irin copses, tsoffin wuraren shakatawa, masu yanke shuke-shuken da itacen coniferous. Babban fifiko ga tsuntsaye shine itacen oak. Halin tsuntsayen da hankali da hankali yasa ya zama wata alama ta hatsari ga duk sauran mazaunan dajin.
Jay mai mahimmanci yana gani kuma yana jin komai sosai. Tare da kaifin kukan "rah-rra-rrah", tana mai gargadin bayyanar mutum ko wani babban mai farauta, za ta gargadi mazaunan kuma za ta kasance tare da motsin wani abu mai hatsari a matsayin mai tsaron gandun daji na ainihi.
Hoton Yucatan jay ne
Ana kiran kyakkyawa da izgili don bajinta don kwaikwayon sauran sautuka da sauti. Idan, a jejin wani daji da ke nesa, ba zato ba tsammani ka ji ana narkar da kyanwa ko kuma kukan akuya, to wannan alama ce ta jay "dawowa daga baƙi" da ta ziyarci ƙauyukan 'yan Adam.
Saurari muryar jay
Da wuya kowa ya iya ganin jay kanta, amma mutum na iya ji kuma zai iya gane gabanta nan take ta hanyar sauti mai daɗi. Tsuntsu mai jin kunya yana tafiya da sauri, kawai hango shuɗun fuka-fukai masu kyan gani a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi.
Jirgin da za'a iya motsawa, kodayake bashi da sauri, yana da matukar dacewa don motsawa a cikin tazara mai nisa a cikin sauye-sauyen saurin shawagi da hawa sama. Jay yana ɗan sauka ƙasa kaɗan, yana motsawa ta tsalle-tsalle mai yawa, yawanci ana ajiye shi a tsaka-tsakin da na babba. Da rana tana da damuwar tsuntsaye da yawa, da dare kuwa tana bacci, kamar yawancin dajin.
Hanyar rayuwa a mafi yawan rarrabuwa ta makiyaya ce, a wuraren da take yin kaura, a bangaren kudu na mazaunanta ba ta da nutsuwa. Al'amuran yau da kullun suna tilasta mutane su bar wuraren da suka saba: yunwa yayin lokutan sirara ko yanayi mara kyau.
Kusa da dangi kowane irin jays - tsuntsaye goro ko goro, kuma abokan gaba manyan tsuntsaye ne masu cin nama: mujiya, goshawk, hankaka. Mahaukacin shahidi yana kwadayin farautar jays. Babu wata babbar barazana ga yawan tsuntsayen ba'a, amma rayuwarsu cike take da haɗari. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa tsoro ya zama alama ta musamman ta tsuntsu kuma yana taimakawa daidaitawa a cikin mazaunin.
Fasali da mazaunin jay
Mixed, deciduous, coniferous gandun daji na Turai, Rasha, Arewacin Afirka, Japan, China sune mazaunin jay. Masoya masu kauri tare da matsuguni na rassa suna tashi zuwa sararin samaniya idan akwai yalwar bishiyoyi masu 'yanci.
Suna iya bayyana kusa da biranen neman abinci lokacin da suka sami wuraren shakatawa ko bishiyoyi tare da babban kambi. Jay - tsuntsun hunturu, kawo farin ciki tare da launuka masu launuka iri-iri a cikin bayyanar biranen baƙi da fari. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa bayyanarta yana kawo sa'a.
A cikin hoton akwai jay mai fararen nono
Tafiya zuwa gidan mutum yana wadatar da tsuntsayen izgili da sabbin sautuka da sautuka. Mai magana da gandun daji na iya yin kwaikwayon bugun gatari, murtsar kofa, sautukan karnuka, kuliyoyi da sauran dabbobin gida, aron wakokin tsuntsaye na wasu mutane na iya yaudarar mutumin da ba shi da masaniya game da wayon tsuntsu. Teas ko yana son kwaikwayon wani ta hanyar kwaikwayo muryoyin tsuntsaye? Jay ba wai kawai tuna sautuna ba, amma yana isar da lafazi.
Jays suna da kyakkyawar alama don zama a kan tururuwa kuma su jure wa mazauna yankin cikin lamuransu. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna da amfani ƙwarai ba'a na jays. Tsuntsaye ana kashe ta daga cututtukan kwayoyin cuta saboda sinadarin formic acid, wanda a hankali yake cike shi.
A cikin hoton akwai jay a kan tururuwa
Jay ciyarwa
Abincin tsuntsaye ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da yanayi, gami da abincin tsirrai da na dabbobi waɗanda aka samo a ƙasa da bishiyoyi. A lokacin bazara da bazara, jays suna cin kwari, gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi, suna kawo fa'idodi marasa amfani ga lalata kwari.
Berries, tsaba, hatsi suna jan hankalin su. Mauren ɓeraye, ƙadangare ko kwaɗi suma sun faɗa cikin ganima ga masu saurin gudu. Qwai da kajin na jan hankalin tsuntsayen izgili, wanda galibi ake kiransu ‘yan fashi da masu sata a gida, amma abincin tsire shi ne babba a gare su.
A cikin kaka, babban abincin jays shine acorns, rowan berries, cherries tsuntsaye, lingonberries, hazelnuts. Tsuntsu ba wai kawai yana samun abinci ba ne, amma yana yin ɗakunan ajiya da yawa a ajiye don lokacin sanyi. Kowane tsuntsu mai kwazo yana hako ramuka da yawa wadanda suke boye acorn, cones da kwayoyi, sannan da dan yatsun hannu zasu rufe kuma su rufe wuraren buyayyar da bishiyoyi da ganye.
Tsuntsun yana samun kebabbun wurare don tsananin lokacin hunturu a cikin tushen bishiyoyi, a cikin fasa cikin haushi ko busasshen kututture da sauran raƙuman itace. Suna sanya hannayen jari a inda akwai ƙananan beraye: a cikin pine ko dajin spruce.
Ba a canza kwayoyi ko itacen ɓullo ba ɗaya a lokaci guda, amma har zuwa guda 7 a lokaci guda a cikin jakar hyoid ta musamman. Ma'aikata suna ɓoye kusan kilogiram 4 na tanadi iri daban-daban don lokacin hunturu, suna ba da abinci ba don kansu kaɗai ba, har ma da kurege da sauran dabbobin da ke fama da yunwa waɗanda ke samun buhunan jays a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Tsuntsaye masu izgili kansu suna mantawa da inda suka sanya hannun jari, kuma suna iya, bi da bi, su lalata ɗakunan squirrel.
Ornauren da aka ɓata ko aka manta da shi suna toho a yankunan da ke nesa da gandun daji na itacen oak. Fa'idodi na yaɗa iri yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka gandun daji ba kawai tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi na itacen oak ba, har ma da hazel, cherry tsuntsaye, da tokar dutse. Ana bayyana yanayin lokacin da jays ya saci tubers dankalin turawa a warwatse a farkon kaka kusa da gidaje don bushewa. Sauƙi ganima yana faɗakar da tsuntsaye masu laushi don samun fa'ida.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin bazara shine lokacin saduwa don jays. Zaɓin biyu, tsuntsayen sun yi huɗu, suna yin amo, suna miƙe ƙofofin a yunƙurin farantawa. Haɗuwa da yin gida yana faruwa ne daga tsakiyar watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni a yankunan da aka zauna shekaru da yawa kuma aka kiyaye su daga wasu nau'in tsuntsaye.
Ana yin ginin gida ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa daga tushe, reshe, ulu da ciyawa. Gidajen suna kan rassan masu ƙarfi kusa da jikin bishiyar a tsayin m 1.5. nwararrun masana ɗabi'a suna jayayya ko wanene ya haɗa kama: mace ce kaɗai ko kuma ta wani lokaci.
Jay tare da kajin a cikin gida
Amma sakamakon haka, bayan ranakun 15 zuwa 17, kajin suna fitowa daga 4-7 mai launin rawaya-kore. Kulawar Iyaye tana nan har zuwa kaka, kodayake bayan kwana 20 rayuwa mai cike da jin kunya a wajen gida ta fara, neman abinci da yunƙurin tashi. Kajin suna fara cin abincin ne a kan kwatarniyar da iyayensu suka kawo, sannan kuma su canza zuwa shuka. Jays ya balaga ne kawai bayan shekara guda.
Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsaye a yanayi shine shekaru 6-7. Amma mafi tsufa jay an rubuta shi yana da shekaru 16. Jay tsuntsu ne mai haske da aiki. Sadarwa tare da mutum yayin ƙoƙarin ladabi abin nishaɗi ne kuma yana iya juya zuwa ainihin ƙauna. Tsuntsu na iya amincewa da mutum sannan yana da mahimmanci kada ya yi duhun ruhaninsa ya kuma nuna kulawa ta gaskiya ga tsuntsun daji.
