Wingwanƙwasa. Fasali na mutane masu haske
Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, tsuntsayen da suke da haske don shimfidar birane suna bayyana akan busassun daji. Daga cikin tsoffin gwarare, hankaka, arba'in suna kama da baƙon baƙi. Waɗannan sune waxwings.
Bayani da siffofin waxwings
Bayyanar bayyanar wannan ƙaramin, har zuwa 20 cm, tsuntsu yana jan hankali: launin ruwan toka-ruwan hoda a matsayin tushen zane, wanda akansa suke amfani da fuka-fuki masu baƙar fata tare da ratsi mai launin rawaya da fari, jajaye, sun ƙara gefen rawaya da wutsiya mai launin shuɗi a kai.
Akwai tabo a baki a wuya, bakin kibiyoyi a kusa da idanun, kuma wutsiyar ma baki ce. Gajeren bakin yana da karamin hakora.
Mutane suna ɗaukar tsuntsu a matsayin “kyakkyawa”, ba zai iya yin waƙa ba. Saboda haka, sunanta daga Tsohon Harshen Rashanci yana ba da ma'anar "busa, ihu". Amma har yanzu ta san yadda ake waƙa, fassarar ta biyu ta sunanta tana da alaƙa da sautin sarewa.
Saurari kakin zumar waka
Iyalin kakin zuma karama ce, ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 8 da ƙananan gidaje 3. Duk da karancin waxwings, yawancin ya kasance ba a fahimta sosai a mazauninsu. Gabaɗaya, dukkan tsuntsayen sun ɗan bambanta, bayanin waxwings suna kamanceceniya, banda gyararren baƙin waken da kuma mace mai ruwan toka. A wasu nau'ikan, babu wani bambanci sananne tsakanin mace da namiji.
Baƙin baƙin ƙarfe na da doguwar jela, sabanin 'yan uwanta masu launi, da jajayen idanu. Wurin da yake zaune ya iyakance ga dazuzzuka na Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka.
Waxwing a cikin hunturu, bayan sun bayyana a cikin iyakokin birni, kamar dai an yarda su yaba da kansu, sun bar mutum ya rufe. Cikakkun su, wanda aka katse ta da bushewa, yana jan hankali. Baya ga 'ya'yan rowan, ba sa kyamar cin abinci daga masu ciyarwa a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.
Gwanin da ake yi a Habitat
Babban mazaunin shine coniferous, gauraye, dazuzzuka na yankuna na arewacin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin Rasha, kakin zuma mazaunin taiga ne, gami da gandun daji-tundra. Waxwing, ƙaura ko a'a, - tambaya mai rikitarwa, maimakon haka, an san su a matsayin makiyaya, suna barin mazauninsu na yau da kullun a kudu maso yamma don neman 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace.
Tsuntsaye mai baƙar fata
A lokacin makiyaya, tsuntsayen ba su da dogaro da kwandon da aka saba da shi. Sun zauna a wurare tare da wadataccen abinci, sannan sun ci gaba. A cikin Rasha, suna tashi zuwa Kirimiya, yankin Caucasus. A kan hanya, makiyayan sun tsallaka layin tsakiyar sau biyu.
Tare da dumamar bazara, garken suna komawa arewa, inda waxwings ke zaune... Abin sha'awa, masu lura da tsuntsaye na iya ƙarin koyo game da tsuntsayen yayin tashinsu, tunda suna da nutsuwa da ɓoye-ɓoye a wuraren da suke buya.
Waxwing - tsuntsu zaman jama'a da walwala a cikin yanayin jirgi. Yana yin aiki sosai na rana don neman abinci, yayin da garken ya banbanta da yawan mutane: daga kawunan 5 zuwa 30. Gudun tsuntsaye yana da kyau. A cikin madaidaiciya da hanzari, kakin zuma suna ta tashi sama a layi mai lanƙwasa har sai sun sake tashi.
A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, masu farauta suna farautar tsuntsaye: martens, squirrels, kuma a tsakanin tsuntsayen mutum na iya bambanta mujiya da shaho, wanda ba kawai kajin da ƙwai a cikin gurbi ba, har ma tsuntsayen da suka balaga.
Ciyar da gyambo
A cikin mazauninsu na dindindin, a cikin yankuna na asali, gwal ɗin yana cin 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace, tsire-tsire, ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda aka kama daidai lokacin tashi. Dabbobi daban-daban, sauro, butterflies, mazari da larvae ɗinsu sun zama abincin dabbobi.
Da zuwan sanyin jiki, ba tsananin sanyi ba kamar yunwa wanda ke sa mutane shiga sansanin makiyaya. Neman abinci yana sa tsuntsaye masu cin ganyayyaki: sun dawwama a yankuna masu yalwar 'ya'yan itacen bishiyar viburnum, barberry, tokar dutse, karen fure, bishiyar juniper.
Kusan duk wani tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire an haɗa su a cikin abinci: tsuntsu ceri, mistletoe, lingonberry, buckthorn, hawthorn, mulberry, lilac, privet.
Kusan gaba daya sun cire “girbin” daga bishiyoyi da rassa, suna nuna rashin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da, rataye juye, dodgy na fitar da 'ya'yan itacen da aka cire. Tsuntsaye suna nuna soyayya ta musamman ga 'ya'yan itacen farin misletoe, wanda a wuraren da kakin zuma suke girma ana kiransu mistletoe.
Idan a karkashin bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi ana dusar dusar ƙanƙara tare da jan aibobi na berriesa berriesan bishiyar da ba a narke ba, bawo da seedsa seedsan baƙi, to wannan waxwings ya isoTsuntsaye cikin hanzari suna ɗora 'ya'yan itace masu haske, suna ci gaba da amfanin gona ta yadda ƙaramin jikinsu ba zai iya jimre da yawan abincin da aka cire daga hanjin kusan canzawa ba.
Ana ɗaukar su masu rarraba zuriya masu amfani ta wannan hanyar. Harbe-harben tsire-tsire da aka sake saita sun tabbatar da hakan.
Gano wanda ya ciyar a kan rowan bushes: bullfinches, waxwings ko tsuntsaye, - zaka iya kan ragowar bikin. Bullfinches da blackbirds suna cire 'ya'yan itacen daidai a kan ɗayan rawanin bishiyar kuma, su bar dutsen, su sauka don neman sa. Zamu iya cewa game da gyambo: yana share komai, amma da wuya ya sauko kasa. Me yasa, idan har yanzu akwai 'ya'yan itace akan rassan.
Yawaita cin abinci ya zama sanadiyyar masifar tsuntsu, kwatankwacin maye, lokacin da 'ya'yan itace masu danshi da ke rataye a kan rassa a lokacin kaka mai dumi da danshi suka shiga cikin abincin. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin maye suna rasa ɗaukar su, ba za su iya tashi ba, haɗuwa kan shinge, matsaloli da yawa kuma sun mutu. Irin wannan hoton kwata-kwata ba abin dariya bane, amma abin haushi.
Mutane ba koyaushe suke san abin da ke faruwa ba kuma suna tsorata da duka a cikin tagogi, windows windows, bangon mahaukatan tsuntsaye. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa a cikin rashin fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru, an fassara irin wannan ɗabi'ar a matsayin mummunan yanayi.
Irin wannan lamari mai yiyuwa ne a lokacin bazara, lokacin da tsuntsaye ke amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai tsami, wanda ke gudana daga haushi bayan duk wata lalacewa.
Yana da wahala ka hango isowa da tashin kyawawan kuliyoyin katanga. Suna motsawa dangane da yanayin yanayi da yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda ya bambanta da dalilai da yawa. Saboda haka, har zuwa yanzu, bayyanar tsuntsaye masu haske da hayaniya ana tsinkayar su azaman kyautar da ba zato ba tsammani, wankan ga yara yana kawo farin ciki matuka game da sanin yanayin duniya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na waxwings
Wurin da ake yin kakin zuma a cikin babban mazaunin, inda suke dawowa bayan dogon makiyaya. Zamanin su na farawa tun kafin tashi. Abubuwan da aka haifar sun tafi ko'ina tare. Daga Mayu-Yuni tuni ya zama lokacin gina nests. A wannan lokacin, ba safai ake ganin tsuntsaye ba, suna zama masu sirri sosai kuma suna kiyayewa.
Budadden daji ne yake jan hankalin su, suna zabar manyan tsoffin spruces kusa da jikin ruwa domin sanya gida a matsakaicin tsayinsa har zuwa mita 10-13 kuma su ɓuya a ƙarƙashin babban kambi.
Don gini, ana zaɓar duk abin da ke kusa: ƙananan sifofin spruce, allurai, fuka-fukai masu laushi, fulawa, giyar lichen, gansakuka, tsire-tsire na ganye. Ko da ulu marainiya an same shi a tsofaffin gidajen.
Sakamakon gida yana da siffar zobe, mai ƙarfi kuma yayi kama da babban kwano. Mace tana ɗaukar kwai 4-6 mai launin toka-purple mai duhu tare da duhu masu duhu na kimanin kwanaki 13-14. Namiji yana kula da mace a wannan lokacin, yana kawo mata abinci.
Bayan fitowar kajin, wasu kuliyoyi biyu masu sanye suna ciyarwa tare. Na farko, yaran suna cin abincin kwari, larvae, daga baya kuma suna canzawa zuwa shuka abinci.
A cikin makonni 2.5, kajin sun kusan zama masu cin gashin kansu kuma a lokacin hunturu suna zuwa sansanin makiyaya daidai da tsuntsayen da suka manyanta. Tsuntsaye suna balaga da jima’i har zuwa shekara guda. Ma'aurata suna sake yin sabuwar shekara kowace shekara. Matsakaicin tsawon rai a cikin yanayin halitta ya kai shekaru 10-13.
A cikin hoton, gurɓin kakin zuma
Tsayawa waxwings a cikin bauta
Don kyawawan layinsu, masoyan tsuntsaye suna ƙoƙari su mallaki gyatsun. Tsayawa cikin kamuwa ba ya haifar da matsala mai yawa, tsuntsu ya saba da mutum da sauri, amma kasancewar kadaici ya sanya shi zama mara nutsuwa da rashin nutsuwa, kuma ba za a rera waka kwata-kwata ba, ban da bushe-bushe.
Zai fi kyau a sanya su a garken cikin garken, to aikinsu da amo na farin ciki zai kasance, yana kawo wa kowa farin ciki.
