Grouse: game da ƙaramin tsuntsu na manyan dazuzzuka
Hazel grouse - ba wai kawai wasa mai dadi bane wanda gourmets ke so, amma, sama da duka, sanannen tsuntsun daji a Eurasia.
Bayani da siffofin hazel grouse
Daga cikin nau'ikan kayan kwalliyar, hazel grouse shine mafi ƙarancin wakilci, wanda ya ɗan fi tattabarai girma, nauyin manyan mutane ya kai gram 500 kawai. Danginsa na kusa su ne kayan kwalliyar katako, baƙar fata, jaka.
Tsuntsu ya ba da sunan sa da kyau mai kyau kuma sananne: launin toka, ja, baƙar fata, fari, launin shuke-shuke masu launin ruwan kasa suna ƙirƙirar kayan kwalliya na musamman. Amma a wata 'yar tazara, tsuntsun yana da alamar launin toka-ja-ja, kusan abu ɗaya ne, wanda ya sauƙaƙe "narke" a mazaunin.
Bakin bakin yana da karfi, kaifi, baki, kimani 1 cm, dan lankwasa. Rayafafun kafa huɗu masu toka wanda zai ba ka damar tafiya cikin aminci a ƙasa. Smallaramin kai mai maƙarƙashiya mai ban dariya, wanda ke tashi sama idan akwai kararrawa, bai dace da adadin girma ba.
Idanun baƙi na hazel suna haɗe da madaidaicin jan baki. Maza suna da tabo mai ɗaci a wuya, kuma mata suna da tabo mai launin toka, a kusa da inda akwai farin farin.
Namiji daga hazel grouse na mace ana iya rarrabe shi da launi na kan layin idanu
Hazel grouse - tsuntsu shiru. Zai yiwu a ji muryarsa, mai kama da siririn bushe-bushe, wanda ya ƙunshi sauti biyu dogaye da gajeru, yayin lokacin yanzu, da kuma lokacin kaka. Hazel grouse ƙararrawa yana kama da murgling trills.
A watan Satumba aka rarraba farautar hazel grouse, lokacin da maza ke kishin yankinsu daga masu fafatawa da gudu zuwa fafatawar idan suka ji muryar kishiya.
Mafarauta suna buƙatar neman ganima da safe ko da yamma a yamma a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da aka toshe da bishiyun bishiyoyi da dazuzzuka da ba za a iya shiga ba. Alamar mazaunin tsuntsayen na iya zama halin halayya irin na ruwa a kasa, a cikin siffar ramin kura domin tsabtace gashinsa.
Bai isa ga mafarauci ya samu ba kayan ado don hazel grouse, dole ne mutum ya kasance yana da kunnen kirki, kusan waƙa, kuma ya mai da hankali. Idan kun sami damar jan hankalin namiji, zai iya tashi sama ko ya shigo tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi akan ganyen kaka. Mata kusan basa amsa kayan kwalliya.
An kama shi da mamaki, hazel grouse ko dai ya gudu, ya ɓuya a cikin dazuzzuka, ko kuma ya tashi sama sama a tsaye kuma ya tashi tare da juyawa a nesa na mita 50-200, yana narkewa tsakanin bishiyoyi.
Zai iya ɓoye a tsakiyar rassan conifers, latsawa a kan akwati, yana haɗuwa da shi a launi. A kan kayan yaudara na hazel sosai m a cikin kaka , saboda haka, Satumba shine babban lokacin farauta.
Hazel grouse yana da makiya da yawa a cikin yanayi. Abin ganima ne mai dadi ga martens, wolverines, sables, foxes, ermine, hawks da sauran masu farauta. Amma fiye da sauran mutane, mutane suna lalata kwatancen kwatankwacin abin. Tsuntsayen sun zama sanannen abin farautar wasanni; an daɗe ana yin sana'ar kamun kifi don fitar da gawawwaki zuwa wasu ƙasashe.
A wasu yankuna, yawan hazel grouse ya ragu sosai, kuma an dakatar da harbi ya bayyana. Amma gaba ɗaya, babu wata barazanar bacewar kayan alatu, lambarta a cikin ƙasarmu ita ce mafi girma.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar hazel
An rarraba hazel grouse kusan ko'ina cikin ƙasar Rasha; yawancin dabbobin duniya suna nan. Mazaunansa suna daɗaɗɗun gandun daji masu haɗi da gandun daji masu yawa, raƙuman iska da kauri. Yana sauka kusa da kananan ruwa: rafuka, a cikin musaya, ambaliyar ruwa da filayen ƙasa.
Tsuntsu yana tafiyar da hankali da kuma rayuwar sirri. Ba za'a iya samun sa a cikin gandun daji marasa yawa, wuraren shakatawa, filaye ko fadama. Wurin da ya dace da kayan hazel shine babban gandun dajin spruce wanda ke haɗe da birch, aspens, alder, wanda ke ba da damar ciyarwa da samar da kariya.
Grouse yana jagorancin rayuwa mai nutsuwa, ba tare da jirage masu nisa da ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci ba. Mafi yawan lokacinsa yakan yi aiki a ƙasa. Tsuntsayen sun bunkasa sassan ji da gani. Suna gudu cikin sauri da sauri idan akwai haɗari, kodayake idan ya cancanta zasu iya tashi daga mita 300-400.
Ayyuka a cikin bazara mai dumi da bazara ana bayyana su cikin ciyarwa da nutsuwa safe da rana kafin faduwar rana. Da rana sun fi son hutawa a kan rassan bishiyoyi a kwance, galibi a cikin yatsun spruce, latsawa a jikin akwatin don aminci. Suna da wuya su zauna a saman, sun fi so su kasance a tsayin tsayi na bishiyoyi.
Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa biyu-biyu ko kuma su kaɗaice. Kowane namiji yana da yankinsa, wanda yake kiyaye shi. Maigidan ya sadu da waɗanda suka keta iyakar tare da babbar hayaniya, amma warwatse manyan hazel saboda yankin yana da wuya.
Kamar sauran dangi, kayan alatu na yin wanka a cikin yashi ko ƙura don tsabtace fuka-fukansu daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Wani tsarin tsafta shine "tururuwa". Gurasar Hazel tana kutsawa cikin gidan tururuwa don afkawa tururuwa, kare kayansu, ta fesa gashinsu da asid.
Saboda lallen da yake da shi, hazel grouse yana da sauƙin ɓoyewa a cikin dajin
Lokacin hunturu ya zama gwaji mai tsanani ga tsuntsaye. Abinci yana raguwa, tsuntsaye basa motsi kaɗan, adana su a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi har zuwa kawuna 10 a wuraren da har yanzu zaku iya ciyarwa. Suna yin gajerun jirage sau 1-2 sau a rana kuma suna buya.
Ta hanyar tsinkayen sanyi, fuka-fukai sun zama masu yawa, har ma da kafa an rufe su da su, ƙarin fitowar sikeli masu banƙyama sun bayyana a ƙafafu, suna ƙarfafa yatsun don yawon hunturu. Lokacin da murfin dusar ƙanƙara mai tsawon 15-20 cm ya bayyana, manyan goge-goge za su fara burrowo cikin dusar kankara.
Suna ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da daskararriyar buds ko katar, sannan sai su nitse cikin dusar ƙanƙara domin dumama abincin da aka samo a cikin goiter da zafinsu.
Hazel grouse a cikin hunturu ciyar dare a cikin rassan spruce mai yawa ko kuma a wuraren zama mai dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da ƙafa da fikafikai, yana yin dogon motsi, sun kai mita da yawa kuma sun zo da sifofi iri-iri: zigzags, kofaton doki, madaidaiciya.
A cikin bazara, tsuntsayen da ke raye sun sa gashin fuka-fukan ayyukan da aka kashe. A cikin zurfin ramin, an kafa rami ko gurbi, inda ɓoyayyen hazel yake ɓoyewa. An rufe ƙofar da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke girgiza kansa.
Zazzabi a cikin matsugunin hunturu ana kiyaye shi sau 4-50... Idan yana ƙaruwa, ana yi wa fuka-fuka barazana da wetting. Sannan hazel grouse yana yin taga tare da kansa don rage darajar. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna mutuwa a lokacin sanyi a lokacin narkewa, lokacin da aka samu ɓawon burodi. Ba za su iya fita daga cikin kabarinsu ba, ko ɓoyewa cikin dusar ƙanƙara don tserewa daga sanyi ko masu farauta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar hazel grouse
Ba abu ne mai sauki ba a rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji, ko da yake an lura cewa mace karama ce, murƙushin ya yi ƙasa, kaɗan ya fi shuru. Bayan sun zaɓi biyu, tsuntsayen ba sa rabuwa na dogon lokaci. Ba su da kwararar ruwa. Kowane ɗa namiji yana zaune a cikin yankinsa, yana korar abokan hamayya daga yankinsa.
Gidajen Grouse suna da wahalar samu. An gina su a ƙasa a keɓantattun wurare a tsakanin daji ko kuma a ƙarƙashin tarkacen itace. Wannan ƙananan ƙananan baƙin ciki ne wanda aka rufe shi da ganye da ciyawa. Mace yawanci tana ɗaukar ƙwai 7-9 cikin kwanaki 21-25. Namiji yana kula da shafin kuma yana kula da mace.
Kajin da suka kyankyashe sun bushe, kuma mace tana hanzarin kawo su rana. Kaji suna cin kwari, daga baya sai su canza zuwa shuka abinci. Suna ci gaba da sauri. Bayan wata daya sai su fara tashi, kuma bayan biyun sun zama masu cin gashin kansu gaba daya.
Karo na Grouse da sauri ya zama mai cin gashin kansa
Ana bayyana yanayin lokacin da mace ta mutu, kuma mahaifin hazel ya kula da kajin. Tsuntsaye suna shirye don kiwo a shekara ɗaya. A dabi'a, matsakaiciyar rayuwar hazel grouses shine shekaru 8-10.
Grouse abinci
Tushen abincin hazel grouse shine abincin tsire-tsire: tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsabarsu, clover, strawberries, blueberries, lingonberries. Hakanan abincin dabbobi ya zama babban ɓangare na abincin su. A lokacin rani, suna cin ƙwaro, gizo-gizo, tururuwa, slugs, kwari.
Kamar sauran dangi, kayan alatu na buƙatar yawon shakatawa, watau ƙananan duwatsu ko ƙasusuwa masu tauri waɗanda suke aiki kamar dutsen niƙa, nika abin da ke ciki a ciki. Sabili da haka, tsuntsayen suna tara ƙwayayen ƙashi, fure na daji, sai su sami duwatsu masu daraja a kusa da kututturen.
Hazel grouse a cikin kaka sau da yawa yana ciyar da bishiyar rowan da pine, kuma a lokacin hunturu ana adana shi ta hanyar buds da katar na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsaba daga ɓawon spruce cones, tukwici na ƙananan rassa. Abincin hunturu bashi da gina jiki, saboda haka dole ku ci shi da yawa.
Ganin babbar sha'awa ga kayan alatu a matsayin wasa mai mahimmanci, mutane da yawa suna ƙoƙari su haɗu da tsuntsaye a cikin fursuna, suna ɗokin gwada girke-girke daban-daban daga naman hazel grouse. Amma abin da yafi dacewa shine koda a yanayi mai kyau sukan sanya ƙwai, amma kar a jawo su.
Sabili da haka, tsarin shiryawa, mafi kyau, dole ne kaji ya amince da shi. Kari akan haka, akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da kayan alatu na gudu daga shingen a kowane zarafi. Anan ga irin wannan kyautar tsuntsaye mai tsutsa!
