Trout suna ne wanda ya haɗu da nau'ikan da yawa da nau'ikan kifin ruwan sha ɗaya lokaci ɗaya, waɗanda suke cikin dangin Salmonidae. An haɗu da ƙwaya a cikin uku daga cikin bakwai na asalin dangi na yanzu: char (Salvelinus), kifin kifi (Salmo) da kifin Pacific (Oncorhynchus).
Bayanin kamala
Trout raba halaye da yawa na gama gari... A kashi na goma na babban jikinsu, wanda yake a gindin layin gefe da gaban tsaye, wanda aka saukar daga dorsal fin, akwai sikeli 15-24. Adadin ma'aunin da ke sama da finfin na fuska ya bambanta daga goma sha uku zuwa goma sha tara. Jikin kifin an matse shi daga bangarorin zuwa matakai daban-daban, kuma gajeren hancin yana da halin yanke jiki. Mawallafin yana da hakora da yawa.
Bayyanar
Bayyanar kamun kifi kai tsaye ya dogara da mallakar wannan kifin ga wani nau'in:
- Gwanin launin ruwan kasa - kifi wanda zai iya girma sama da rabin mita a tsayi, kuma yana da shekaru goma, mutum ya kai nauyin kilogram goma sha biyu. Wannan babban wakilin gidan yana da halin kasancewa da tsawan jiki wanda aka lulluɓe shi da ƙarami kaɗan, amma nauyi mai nauyi. Kogin Brook yana da ƙananan ƙegero da babban baki mai haƙori da yawa;
- Lake kifi - kifi mai jiki mai ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta shi da rafin kifi. An matse kan, don haka layin layi a bayyane yake bayyane. An bambanta launi ta baya mai launin ja-ruwan kasa, da kuma gefen azurfa da ciki. Wasu lokuta akan ma'aunin kifin kifi akwai tabo na baƙar fata da yawa;
- Bakan gizo - kifin ruwa mai sanyin jiki mai tsawo. Matsakaicin nauyin babban kifi yakai kilogram shida. Jikin an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli masu ɗan kaɗan. Babban banbanci daga brethrenan uwan yana wakiltar kasancewar laɓɓan ruwan hoda a cikin ciki.
Daban-daban nau'ikan kifin sun banbanta a launi, ya danganta da yanayin rayuwa, amma ana ɗauka mai ƙyamar launi ce ta zaitun mai duhu ta baya tare da ɗanyen kore.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da wasu abubuwan lura, abincin da aka ciyar da abinci mai kyau koyaushe yana da launi iri ɗaya tare da mafi ƙarancin ɗigon aibobi, amma canjin launi mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga motsin kifi daga tafkin ruwa zuwa ruwa na wucin gadi ko akasin haka.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kowane nau'in kifin yana da nasa halaye daban-daban, amma yanayi da halayen wannan kifin kuma kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, wurin zama, da halaye na lokacin. Misali, yawancin wakilai na abin da ake kira "na gida" nau'in kifi na launin ruwan kasa suna da ikon yin ƙaura mai aiki. Kifin ba ya motsi sosai a duniya idan aka kwatanta shi da kifin teku, amma yana iya hawa sama ko ƙasa gaba ɗaya yayin ɓarna, ciyarwa ko neman wurin zama. Har ila yau, kifin Tekun na iya yin irin wannan ƙaura.
A lokacin hunturu, kifin da ke tsirowa ya yi kasa, kuma ya fi son zama kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko a cikin zurfin wuraren rafuka, kusa da yadda zai yiwu zuwa ƙasan tafki. Ruwan bazara mai laushi da ambaliyar ruwa galibi suna tilasta irin wannan kifin don ya kasance kusa da bankunan raƙuman ruwa, amma tare da farkon lokacin bazara, kifin da ke motsawa yana gudana a ƙarƙashin ruwa, zuwa cikin guguwa da raƙuman kogi, inda ake yin guguwa a halin yanzu. A cikin irin waɗannan wuraren, kifin kifi suna zama marasa kaɗaici da kaɗaici har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da kifi ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar kifin da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan tabki ya fi tsayi fiye da na kowane dan uwan kogin. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, kifin kifin yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma ga mazaunan kogin matsakaici shine shekaru bakwai kawai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A kan ma'aunin kifin, akwai zoben itacen da suke kama yayin da kifin yake tsirowa kuma yana da kamannin sabon nama mai wuya yana girma tare da gefuna. Ana amfani da waɗannan zoben itacen don lissafin shekarun kifin.
Jima'i dimorphism
Maza manya sun banbanta a cikin wasu sifofi na waje daga matan da suka manyanta. A ƙa’ida, namiji yana da ƙarami a jiki, ya fi girma kai kuma ya fi hakora. Bugu da kari, a ƙarshen ƙananan muƙamuƙin mazan da suka manyanta, galibi akwai lankwasawa sama zuwa sama.
Nau'in goro
Babban jinsin da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar jinsin Salmonidae:
- Jinsin Salmo ya hada da: Adriatic trout (Salmo obtusirostris); Brook, kifin tabki ko ruwan kasa (Salmo trutta); Baturen Baturke mai kai tsaye (Salmo platycephalus), kifin rani (Salmo letnica); Marble trout (Salmo trutta marmoratus) da Amu Darya trout (Salmo trutta oxianus), da kuma Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan);
- Jinsi Oncorhynchus ya hada da: Arizona trout (Oncorhynchus apache); Kifin kifin Clark (Oncorhynchus clarki); Biwa Trout (Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus); Gil Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae); Golden Trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita) da Mykiss (Oncorhynchus mykiss);
- Halin halittar Salvelinus (Loaches) ya haɗa da: Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis; Pali na Amurka (Salvelinus fontinalis); Babban-shugaban char (Salvelinus confluentus); Malmö (Salvelinus malma) da Lake christivomer char (Salvelinus namaycush), haka kuma da charan wuta na azurfa (Salvelinus fontinalis agassizi).
Ta mahangar halittar jini, kifin da ke cikin teku shine mafi yawan halittu iri daban-daban a cikin dukkanin kashin baya. Misali, yawancin Biritaniya masu tarin yawa suna wakilta ta hanyar bambance-bambancen, adadinsu ya karu fiye da na duk mutanen duniya.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Lake trout da bakan gizo sun kasance na dangin Salmonidae, amma su wakilai ne na jinsi da jinsi daban-daban masu kakanni daya, wadanda suka kasu kashi biyu cikin kungiyoyi shekaru miliyan da suka gabata.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wurin zama na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifi suna da yawa sosai... Ana samun wakilan dangi kusan ko'ina, inda akwai tabkuna da ruwa mai tsabta, kogunan tsaunuka ko rafuka. Adadi mai mahimmanci yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta a cikin Bahar Rum da Yammacin Turai. Trout sanannen kamun kifi ne a Amurka da Norway.
Kogin Tekun yana zama cikin tsaftataccen ruwa mai sanyi, inda galibi suke yin garken dabbobi kuma suna cikin zurfin zurfin ruwa. Rukunin Brook na daga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cuta, saboda yana iya rayuwa ba kawai a cikin gishiri ba, har ma a cikin ruwan sabo, inda mutane da yawa suka haɗu a cikin garken tumaki da yawa. Irin wannan kifin na bada fifiko ga yankuna masu ambaliyar tsafta da wadatuwa da isasshen adadin iskar oxygen.
Ana samun wakilan nau'ikan kifin bakan gizo a cikin gabar tekun Pacific, da kuma kusa da arewacin Arewacin Amurka a cikin jikin ruwa mai kyau. Kwanan nan dangi, an kwashe wakilan jinsin ta hanyar aikin kere-kere zuwa tekun Ostireliya, Japan, New Zealand, Madagascar da Afirka ta Kudu, inda suka samu nasarar kafewa. Kifin Bakan gizo ba ya son hasken rana da yawa, don haka suna kokarin buya tsakanin daskararru ko duwatsu da rana.
A cikin Rasha, ana samun wakilan dangin Salmonidae a yankin Kola Peninsula, a cikin ruwan tafkunan Baltic, Caspian, Azov, White da Black Teas, kazalika a cikin kogunan Crimea da Kuban, a cikin ruwan Onega, Ladoga, Ilmensky da Peipsi. Har ila yau, kifi ya shahara sosai a noman kifi na zamani kuma ya girma ta hanyar kere kere a sikelin masana'antu.
Abincin cin abinci
Trout wakili ne na masu cin abincin ruwa... Irin wannan kifin yana cin nau'ikan kwari da tsutsa, kuma suna da ikon cinye ƙananan dangi ko ƙwai, tadpoles, beetles, molluscs har ma da ɓawon burodi. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwan bazara, kifin yana kokarin kasancewa kusa da gabar teku, inda ake kwararar ruwa mai yawa daga kasar da ke gabar tekun tsutsotsi da tsutsa masu yawa da kifin ke amfani da shi a cikin abinci.
A lokacin bazara, kifin yana zaɓar tafkuna masu zurfi ko kuma jujjuyawar kogi, da kuma wuraren ruwa da ruwa da wuraren da ruwa yake gudana, yana ba kifi damar farauta yadda ya kamata. Kututtuka na cin abinci da safe ko yamma. A lokacin tsananin hadari, makarantun kifi na iya tashi kusa da saman kanta. Dangane da abinci mai gina jiki, ƙananan yara na kowane nau'in bashi da girman kai, kuma saboda wannan dalili yana girma cikin sauri. A lokacin bazara da bazara, ana cin irin wannan kifin ta “abinci” mai tashi sama, wanda ke basu damar girma da wadataccen mai.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin ɓatancin kifi a cikin mahalli daban-daban na halitta ya bambanta, ya danganta da latitude da yanayin zafin ruwan, da kuma tsayin da ke sama da matakin teku. Hawan farko yana faruwa a yankunan arewa tare da ruwan sanyi. A yankin Yammacin Turai, haɓaka wasu lokuta yakan faru ne a cikin hunturu, har zuwa shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Janairu, kuma a cikin harabar Kuban - a watan Oktoba. Yamburg trout ya tafi spawn a watan Disamba. Dangane da wasu abubuwan lura, kifi galibi yana zaɓar daren da yake haske ne don ƙwanƙwasawa, amma babban mawuyacin yanayin yana faruwa ne a tsakanin tazarar daga faɗuwar rana zuwa cikakkiyar duhu, haka kuma a lokutan asuba.
Trout ya kai ga balagar jima'i da kimanin shekaru uku, amma har ma da yara yan shekaru biyu galibi suna da madarar madara sosai. Trowararrun manya ba sa haihuwa a kowace shekara, amma bayan shekara guda. Adadin ƙwai a cikin mafi girman mutane dubu da yawa. A ka’ida, mata ‘yan shekara huɗu ko biyar suna ɗauke da ƙwai kusan dubu, kuma mutane‘ yan shekara uku suna da halin ƙwai 500. A lokacin haihuwa, kifin ya sami launi mai laushi mai toka, kuma wuraren da suke da launin ja ba su da haske ko kuma su ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Don kifin kifi, ana zaɓan ɓaraka waɗanda suke da ƙasan ƙasa kuma an cika su da manyan lu'u lu'u. Wani lokaci kifin yana iya yin fage a kan manyan duwatsu, a cikin gristly da kuma kyakkyawan yashi mai yashi. Gab da haihuwa, mata na amfani da wutsiyar su don haƙa rami mai tsayi da zurfi, suna share tsakuwa daga algae da datti. Mace dayawa galibi maza suna bi mata sau ɗaya, amma ƙwai yana haɗuwa da ɗa namiji tare da madara mafi girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Trout na iya zaɓar abokin tarayya bisa ƙamshi da halaye na gani, wanda ke bawa membobin gidan Salmonidae damar samun zuriya waɗanda ke da halayen da ake buƙata, gami da jure cututtuka da munanan abubuwan yanayi.
Caviar na Trout yana da girma ƙwarai a girma, lemu mai launi ko ja. Ana samun sauƙin bayyanar soyayyen kifin kifin ta wanke ƙwai da ruwa mai tsabta da ruwan sanyi mai wadatacce da isashshen oxygen. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau na waje, soya tana girma sosai, kuma abinci don soya ya haɗa daphph, chironomids, da oligochaetes.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba mafi haɗari na ƙwai masu tasowa sune pikes, burbots da furfura, da kuma manya kansu, amma ba ƙwarewar jima'i ba. Yawancin mutane suna mutuwa a farkon shekarar rayuwa. Matsakaicin yawan mace-mace a wannan lokacin yakai kashi 95%. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wannan alamar tana raguwa zuwa matakin 40-60%. Abokan gaba na launin ruwan kasa, ban da pike, burbot da furfura, suma hatimi ne da beyar.
Darajar kasuwanci
Kifi shine kifin kasuwanci mai daraja. Kamun kifi na kasuwanci ya daɗe yana haifar da raguwar yawan mutane da yawa, ciki har da na Sevan.
A yau, yawancin gonakin kifi suna aiki don magance matsalar ƙaruwar yawan kifin gidan dangin Salmon, suna haɓaka wakilai na nau'ikan daban-daban a cikin gidajen keji da kuma gonakin kifi na musamman. Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen kifi na musamman sun riga sun sami damar rayuwa a cikin yanayin kirkirar abubuwa fiye da ƙarni talatin, kuma Norway ta zama jagora a cikin irin wannan kiwo.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Trout yana da matukar damuwa da sauyin yanayi da dumamar yanayi, wanda dogaro da yawan jama'a yayi akan samun ruwan sanyi da tsafta. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, akwai mummunan tasiri akan matakai daban-daban na rayuwar irin wannan kifin. Kari kan haka, kamun na mutane masu haihuwa suna da mummunan tasiri ga yawan kifin.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Mackerel
- Pollock
- Saika
- Kaluga
Karatuttukan da masana kimiyya suka gudanar a cikin tabkunan na Scotland sun nuna abin dogaro cewa ƙaruwa ta wucin gadi a cikin jimlar yawan kifin na iya haifar da raguwar matsakaicin girma da nauyin manya, da kuma wasu shingaye a cikin hanyoyin magudanar ruwa, ƙetare hanya da kuma madatsun ruwa da ke ƙuntata hanyoyin samun filayen samar da filaye da wuraren zama. A halin yanzu, an sanya kifi a matsayin matsakaiciyar kiyayewa.
