Kowane mutum, tabbas, yana da masaniya da irin wannan kyakkyawa mai ɗan kaɗa minke, kamar bashin kogi, wanda ke da mazaunin zama na dindindin a cikin tafkuna daban-daban. Masunta suna da'awar cewa ana iya kama kayan masarufi daban-daban. Naman wannan mai kama da kifin fari ne kuma mai daɗi. Zamuyi kokarin tona asirin rayuwar wannan mai ruwa, wanda yake bayyana kamannin sa, halaye, dabi'un abinci, tare da kawo wasu bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da rayuwar rayuwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Kogin ruwa
Hakanan ana kiran kogin birni na kowa, yana cikin rukunin kifin mai rai-ƙyalƙyali, yanayin halittar ruwa mai ɗanɗano da dangin dangi. Idan muka waiwayi tarihi, ya kamata a sani cewa farkon wanda ya yi bayanin ƙirar kogin a kimiyance shine Baturen ichthyologist Peter Artedi, wannan ya faru ne a cikin shekaru talatin na karni na sha takwas. Ma'anar mafi mahimmancin halayen halayyar ɗan adam, bisa ga kwatancen Artedi, ya faru ne ta hanyar lura da wuraren da ke zaune a tafkunan Sweden. Carl Linnaeus ya ba da ladabi a cikin 1758, dangane da abu daga Peter Artedi. A cikin shekaru 20 na karni na goma sha tara, masanan kimiyyar Faransa Achille Valenciennes da Georges Cuvier sun yi nazarin wannan kifin dalla-dalla, waɗanda suka ba da jerin alamun kifayen waje.
A halin yanzu, ana ɗaukan rafin kogin a matsayin kyakkyawan kifin da aka yi karatunsa, kusan komai an san shi game da haraji, ilimin halittar jiki, matakan ci gaba da haɓaka. Yayin da yake bayani game da kogin da ke raye, ba za a iya ambaton sutturarta mai tsini da ƙyalli ba, wanda shine babban bambancin kifi. Gaba ɗaya, wannan kifin yana da sunaye da yawa. A kan Don ana kiranta "chekomas", a cikin tattaunawar masunta galibi ana kiransu humpback, matuƙin jirgin ruwa, minke. Rubutun farko da aka ambata game da yanayin ya samo asali ne tun daga shekara ta 1704, kodayake an san cewa ya bayyana a cikin faɗakarwar mutane da yawa a da.
Masu bincike sun gano cewa asalin kalmar "perch" gama gari ne Slavic kuma tana nufin "ido" (ido). An yi imanin cewa wannan sunan babban kifin mai ido ne ko sunan ɓarna, saboda yana da tabo mai banbanci a kan ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin farko, kama da ido. Akwai wani sigar, wanda ke watsawa game da asalin-Indo-Turai asalin sunan kifin, wanda aka fassara shi da "kaifi".
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kogin birni gwarzo ne na yawan adabi da fasahar kere-kere, an kuma ambace shi a cikin ayyukan gargajiya daban-daban, waɗanda aka zana a cikin fitattun masu zane. Bugu da kari, ana iya ganin perch a tambarin wasiku na jihohi daban-daban, kuma a wasu biranen na Jamus da Finish, wannan kifin yana ƙawata rigunan makamai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kogin perch kifi
Matsakaicin tsayin kogin yana zuwa daga 45 zuwa 50 cm, kuma nauyinsa daga 2 zuwa 2.1 kg. Tabbas, akwai manyan samfuran da suka fi girma, amma basu da yawa, amma ƙananan sun yadu ko'ina, duk ya dogara da tafki da yankin da yake. Jikin perch yana matse shi ta gefe, an rufe shi da ƙananan ƙananan sikeli masu girma. Launin jikin yana da launin rawaya-kore, an yi masa ado da baƙaƙen fata, a kaikaice, ratsi masu juzu'i, wanda adadinsu na iya bambanta, amma yawanci ba ya wuce guda 9. Ana iya ganin farin launi a cikin ciki. Fins biyu masu tazara sosai sun tsaya a baya, na farkon ya wuce fin na biyu a tsayi da tsayi.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, farkon dorsal fin yana da tabo na baƙar fata a ƙarshen, wanda shine sifar sifa ta wannan nau'in kifin. Tsawon fikafikan hancin firam ya fi gaci. Farkon dorsal fin yana da launin launin toka, na biyu kuma mai launin kore-rawaya. Analofar finafinai na tsuliya da na fure suna nuna launin rawaya-lemu ko ja. Launi na ƙashin ƙugu yana da haske tare da jan ja. Amma game da finfinin caudal, duhu ne a gindi, kuma ana ganin launi mai launin ja kusa da tip da kuma daga bangarorin. Abun kunya na balagaggen ɗanɗano ya zama maras ma'ana, kuma ana ganin ƙaramin ɗanɗano a bayan kai. Ofarshen muƙamuƙin na sama ya yi daidai da layin da ke tsaye yana ratsawa ta tsakiyar idanun kifayen, iris ɗin sa rawaya ne.
A kan kayan aiki, ana ganin sikeli daga sama, inda kashin baya (zai iya zama biyu) tare da wani preoperculum mai aiki. Hakoran kifi masu siffa ne irin na bristle, wadanda suke cikin layuka a kan tebur da kuma cikin yankin muƙamuƙi. Ba a lura da ƙwanƙwasa a cikin damuwa. Ba a raba membobin gill a wuri ɗaya ba, an rufe kuncin kifin da sikeli, babu sikeli a kusa da fin ɗin caudal. Soyayyen yana da sikeli masu nauyi, wanda a hankali yake daɗa nauyi, ya taurare kuma ya taurare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Cavaliers a cikin rafin kogi suna da ma'auni fiye da mata, a cikin maza, akwai kuma wasu raƙuka masu juyawa a yankin na ƙarshen ƙare na biyu, amma a cikin mata jiki ya fi tsayi kuma idanun ba su kai na maza ba.
A ina ne kogin ke rayuwa?
Photo: Kogin ruwa a cikin ruwa
Ana iya samun rafin kogi kusan ko'ina, mazauninsa yana da faɗi sosai.
Shi mazaunin:
- koguna;
- tabkuna;
- tafkunan (duka matsakaici da babba);
- yankunan teku na bakin teku tare da ruwan sha mai kyau.
Amma batun ƙarshe, Tekun Baltic ya zama misali na wannan, wato, yankuna na Riga da Finland gulfs, masunta-'yan wasa sau da yawa suna kamawa a cikin waɗannan wuraren. A cikin ƙasarmu, ba a samun perch kawai a cikin ruwan Amur da kuma yankin yankuna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya sun gano jinsuna biyu na raɗaɗɗu waɗanda ke rayuwa tare a cikin jikin ruwa ɗaya, sun haɗa da ƙarami da sannu a hankali girma (ganye) da kuma ɗan’uwa mai girma da sauri (zurfin).
A cikin rafin kogi da rafuka, inda ruwan yayi sanyi sosai, ba za ku sami kullun ba, ba sa son irin waɗannan biotopes. Riversananan kogunan tsaunuka tare da saurin gudu, wannan kifin shima yana wucewa. Yankin kowa yana zaune a cikin ruwayen Arewacin Asiya kuma yana ko'ina cikin Turai. Mutane sun kawo shi zuwa ƙasashen Afirka mai zafi, inda kifin ya sami tushe sosai. An kuma gabatar da yanayin zuwa New Zealand da Australia. A da, ana ɗaukarsa nau'in nau'in nau'in ruwan Arewacin Amurka ne, amma sai masana kimiyya suka gano wannan ƙwanƙwasa a cikin wani jinsin daban, wanda ake kira "yellow perch".
Sauran yankuna da ƙasashe inda aka yiwa rijistar rijistar gama gari rajista sun haɗa da:
- Spain;
- Burtaniya;
- Cyprus;
- China;
- Maroko;
- Azores;
- Turkiyya;
- Montenegro;
- Albaniya;
- Switzerland;
- Ireland da sauran su.
Menene kullun kogi ke ci?
Hotuna: Kogin ruwa
Karkashin kogin mai farauta ne, da daddare yana wucewa, saboda haka yana neman abincin kansa da rana, galibi da sassafe. A wayewar gari, masunta galibi suna ganin feshin ruwa da ƙananan kifi suna tsalle daga ramin ruwa, wanda alama ce ta farauta don ƙoshin kogi, wanda ba shi da daɗi a abinci, amma koyaushe ba sa cin abinci.
A cikin menu na daidaitaccen yanki zaka iya gani:
- soya da kifin kifi;
- qwai na wasu mazaunan ruwa;
- kifin kifi;
- tsutsotsi na ruwa;
- zooplankton;
- larvae na kwari iri-iri;
- kwadi.
Abubuwan da ke cikin abincin ya dogara da shekaru da girman kifin, da kuma lokacin. Yaran 'yan Perch suna rayuwa ta kusa-ƙasa, suna neman ƙaramar plankton. Lokacin da tsawon layin ya kara ƙaruwa (daga 2 zuwa 6 cm), ƙananan kifi, da nasu da sauran nau'ikan, sun fara kasancewa a cikin kayan ciye-ciyen ta. Kifayen da ke da girman jiki suna bin yankin bakin teku, inda suke farautar kifin kifin, verkhovka, roach, kuma suna cin ƙwai na sauran kifin. Manyan wuraren shakatawa galibi ba su san yawan abincin ba kuma suna iya lalube kansu don wutsiyar kifin da ba ta haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya ya fita daga bakinsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Oftenungiyoyin algae da ƙananan duwatsu galibi galibi ana samunsu a cikin ciki na haɗuwa, waɗanda ke taimakawa cikin narkewa mai kyau. Dangane da yawan wadatar zuci, maƙogwaron ya ma fi Pike, yana ci a yanayin da ya fi yawa, kuma yawan abubuwan da ke cikin sa sun fi ƙarfi.
Idan muka yi magana game da takamaiman nau'ikan kifayen da ke ci, to za mu iya lissafa:
- Sake dawowa;
- ƙarami
- gobies;
- kara girma matasa;
- rauni.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Babban kogin perch
A lokacin rani, raƙuman ruwa masu matsakaici sun fi son yin lokaci a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da koguna. Balagaggun mutane suna tattarawa daga ƙananan garken tumaki (har zuwa wakilai 10). Makarantun kananan dabbobi sunfi yawa, suna iya kidaya koda kifi dari. Rashin ganima kan haramtattun madatsun ruwa, babban itace da duwatsu. A cikin ciyawar ciyawar da ke karkashin ruwa, kai tsaye ba za ka iya ganinsu ba saboda launinsu mai launin kore, don haka sai suka kware wajan farautar kifi daga 'yan kwanton bauna, inda suke yin suturar kansu da fasaha. Manyan mutane sun fi son zurfin ciki, yin aiki a cikin wuraren waha da ramuka tare da sanduna.
Ana ɗaukar lokutan maraice da safiya na waɗannan kifin farauta. Ba kamar babban kifi ba, dabbobin dabbobi suna farauta a makarantu, suna da ƙwazo da zafin nama don neman farauta. Waɗanda aka taguwar suna da saurin gudu zuwa mita 0.66 a sakan ɗaya. Lokacin da wani ɓarna ya kai hari ga ganima, ƙarshenta wanda yake bayanta yana farawa cikin halayya. Gabaɗaya, ana iya kiran ƙoshin kogin da ke farauta lokacin da yake haske (iyakar dare da rana). Lokacin da duhu ya faɗi, masu farauta sukan daina aiki.
Babban abubuwan da ke shafar ɗabi'a da ci gaban haɗuwa sun haɗa da:
- Manuniya na tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa;
- jimlar hasken rana;
- oxygen jikewa na ruwa;
- daidaituwa (tsari) na abinci.
A inda jikin ruwa yake da zurfin gaske, raƙuman ruwa ba sa nutsewa sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwan, suna kasancewa kusa da farfajiyar da ruwan ya fi oxygenated. A lokacin rani, wasu mutane suna yin ƙaura don yin ƙarin nauyi a lokacin hunturu, a farkon fitowar kifin ya koma wurare masu kyau don hutawa. A lokacin kaka, perch yakan samar da manyan garken tumaki da suka yi ƙaura don buɗe yankunan zurfin teku. Lokacin sanyi da sanyi, kifin kan manne a ƙasan, yakai zurfin mita 70. Kamar lokacin rani, cikin hunturu, perch yana aiki idan haske ne.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: A biyu daga kogin perches
Kullum na yau da kullun ya zama balagar jima'i kusa da shekaru biyu ko uku. Suna motsawa zuwa filayen da ke haɗuwa gaba ɗaya, suna ɓata cikin garken tumaki da yawa. Ana aiwatar da aikin haɓaka a cikin yankunan ruwa mai zurfin ruwa, a cikin sabbin ruwa, inda halin yanzu yayi rauni sosai. Zafin ruwan ya kasance tsakanin digiri 7 da 15 tare da alamar ƙari. Qwai da takan haifa ta mazaje maza suna mannawa da kowane irin daskararren ruwa, rassan da ke nutsewa, saiwar bishiyoyi da ke girma a gabar teku. Hannun perch caviar yayi kama da laƙabin lace, wanda tsawonsa ya banbanta tsakanin mita ɗaya; irin wannan kifin na iya ƙunsar ƙananan ƙwai 700 zuwa 800,000.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wurare da yawa, suna son yin kiwo ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki na musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan kifin yana da nama mai kyau kuma mai lafiya.
Bayan makonni 3 ko 4, ƙwai sun fara fashewa, suna sakin perch fry a cikin haske. Watannin farko na rayuwa, jariran suna cin abinci ne a kan plankton da ke bakin teku, kuma idan suka girma sosai (daga 5 zuwa 10 cm), dabi'unsu na farauta suna bayyana da cikakkiyar ƙarfi, ƙuruciya matasa suna farautar ƙananan kifi. Yana da kyau a lura cewa matsakaiciyar rayuwar mai lalacewa ta kai kimanin shekaru 15, kodayake wasu mutane na iya rayuwa har zuwa 25, ana samun irin waɗannan ƙarnin shekaru na kifin a cikin tafkunan Karelian. Masu binciken sun lura cewa tsawon rayuwar maza ya ɗan gajarta da na mata.
Abokan gaba na kogin bass
Photo: Kogin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa
Kodayake raƙuman ruwa mai farauta ne, galibi yana aiki kamar maƙiyin wani, shi kansa yana da yawancin masu ɓoye-ɓoye waɗanda ba sa son cin su.
Ainihin, kifin farauta mai girman girma ya kasance na abokan gaba, daga cikinsu akwai abin ambaci:
- Pike;
- pike perch;
- burbot;
- kifin kifi;
- kifi;
- gwando.
Tsuntsayen da ke kusa da ruwa suna cinye ɓarke: loons, terns, gulls, osprey. Otters da muskrats zasu iya cinye Perch a sauƙaƙe. Kada mu manta game da cin naman mutane, wanda ke halayyar yawancin kifaye da yawa, gami da perch. Perarin girma, ba tare da kulawa ta musamman game da alaƙar dangi ba, yana iya haɗiye ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa. Irin waɗannan al'amuran galibi suna ƙara taɓarɓarewa a cikin kaka. Sabili da haka, soya da ƙananan yara masu ƙarancin ƙarfi sun fi kowa rauni, wasu mazaunan ruwa za su iya cin ƙwai.
Babban maƙiyan maƙarƙashiya za a iya amincewa da su azaman mutum, saboda ƙyamar abu ne mai ƙayatarwa don kamun kifi masunta, a ƙasashen waje da kuma cikin yankunan jiharmu. A wasu wuraren tafki, ana aiwatar da kamun kifi ta hanyar amfani da kwalliya. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, nama mai laushi yana da dandano mai kyau, saboda haka ana amfani dashi a cikin sifofi daban-daban (kyafaffen, soyayyen, gishirin, daskarewa, da sauransu). Ana yin kifin gwangwani da fillet daga ƙoshin kogi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Kogin ruwa
Wurin zama na ɓarke yana da faɗi sosai, idan aka kwatanta shi da wuraren tarihi na ƙauyukan sa, ya ƙaru har ma da ƙari, saboda gaskiyar cewa mutane sun kawo ta ne ta hanyar ƙirƙira zuwa wasu ƙasashen da ba ta taɓa rayuwa ba. A cikin yawancin jihohin, ba a sanya rafin kogin a matsayin jinsin kifaye masu kariya ba, kodayake akwai wasu takunkumi game da kamun kifi, amma irin waɗannan matakan sun shafi kusan dukkanin kifin da ke cikin ruwa. Ko da a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, waɗannan ƙuntatawa sun bambanta, duk ya dogara da yankin. Misali, a Burtaniya akwai takunkumi na lokaci-lokaci kan kamawa, kuma a cikin fadin wasu jihohin ba zai yuwu a kama barayin da basu kai wani girman ba, dole ne a sake su cikin ruwan.
Ya kamata a ƙara cewa yawan yawan masu haɗarin ya banbanta a jikin ruwa daban-daban. A wasu wuraren yana da girma, a wasu kuma matsakaita ne, duk ya dogara da yanayin, samar da abinci, yanayin jikin ruwa, kasancewar wasu manyan masu cin kashin a ciki. Da yake magana musamman game da ƙasarmu, dole ne a ƙara cewa perch ya bazu kusan a ko'ina cikin faɗinsa, nau'ikan kifi ne na galibin wuraren ajiyar ruwa kuma ba ya cikin wakilan Red Book, wanda ba zai iya farin ciki ba. Dangane da matsayin IUCN, redfish shine mafi damuwa game da girman yawan kifin sa.
A karshen zan so in kara da cewa kyakkyawa bashin kogi yayi kama da mutunci da launuka, yadudduka kwat da wando ya dace da shi haka, kuma jere ja-orange fins yana bawa dukkan kifin hoton haske da kyan gani. Ba mamaki wannan kifin ya kasance gwarzo na ayyukan adabi da yawa, saboda yana da kwarjini na musamman kuma ya zama. Ana fatan cewa yanayin da ya dace game da yawan 'yan ci rani zai ci gaba da kasancewa yadda yake a nan gaba.
Ranar bugawa: 16.02.2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 23.12.2019 a 16:33
