Mutane da yawa sun saba bream na azurfa, yaduwa a jikin ruwa daban-daban. Kada wannan kifin ya rikita shi da mai kiwo, akwai bambance-bambance da yawa a tsakanin su, wanda za mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtarwa. Baya ga bayyana, za mu kuma yi nazarin halaye na keɓaɓɓiyar azurfa, da ɗabi'arta, halaye na abinci, fasali na lokacin haihuwar da matsayin yawan kifin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Gustera
Guster na dangin kifi ne, tsari na carps, jinsin halittu da nau'ikan zinare na azurfa, wanda kifin shi ne kadai wakili, babu wani nau'in da aka gano. Kodayake gwal na azurfa ba shi da ragi, akwai wasu adadi masu yawa na wannan kifin, duk ya dogara da yankin da ya sauka.
Don haka, ana kiran kifin:
- gilashin kara girma;
- mai kauri;
- shafa;
- karamin lebur
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin ya sami sunansa na asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yakan samar da manyan rukuni-rukuni manya da yawa. Masunta suna da'awar cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi jere ko da da mashi a irin wannan lokacin.
Magoya baya na kamun kifi na ƙirar azurfa suna da sha'awar su saboda yawan su da rashin dacewar su dangane da ɗabi'ar abinci. A cikin bayyanar da kuma kusanci na kusa, tsabar azurfa ta yi kama da wacce take; an rikita ta tare da mai kiwon, saboda yana da jiki mai kwarjini sosai a tarnaƙi.
An saukar da bambance-bambance da dama, ta yadda zaku iya gane cewa tsabtar azurfa ce a gabanku, kuma ba mai kiwo ba:
- idanun zinaren azurfa sun fi girma sosai kuma sun girmi na bastard, ana bambanta su da kasancewar ɗalibin mai mai mai yawa;
- sikeli na mai kiwo ya kasance karami kuma ya cika wuri, an nuna farin tagulla a cikin launi, kuma a cikin duhu ana samun azurfa;
- kusan babu wani ƙamshi mai kariya a kan ma'auni na azabar azurfa, kuma ɗan iska yana da yawa;
- akwai karin haskoki a cikin finafinan gwal na bastard fiye da na azurfar bream;
- bream na azurfa yana da haƙoran haƙori bakwai, waɗanda suke cikin layuka biyu, an baiwa astan iska da haƙoran jere ɗaya, wanda guda 5 ne kawai cikinsu;
- launin wasu fins na fatar azurfa ruwan lemo ne-ja, yayin da a karkashin bishiyoyin duk launin toka ne.
Sanin waɗannan nuances yana da sauƙi don tantance wanda ya kamu. Bari muyi bincike dalla-dalla game da wasu halaye na waje na halayyar azurfa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Farar bream kifi
A matsakaicin, tsabar azurfa na iya yin girma har zuwa 35 cm a tsayi kuma ta auna kusan kilogram 1.2. Idan muka yi magana game da matsakaicin girman wannan kifin, to tsayinsu ya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 35 cm, da nauyinsu - daga 500 zuwa 700 gram.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai rikodin rikodin nauyi na gusters, wanda shine kilogiram 1.562.
Tsarin mulki na kifin ya daidaita a bangarorin, kuma dangane da tsayi yana da kyau sosai. A yankin baya akwai wani abu kamar hump, wanda dogon zango ya bayyana a kansa. Characterizedarfin caudal yana da yanayi mai zurfin sanarwa, don haka ya zama daidai da sifa zuwa cokali mai yatsu biyu. Hakanan cikin kifin an sanye shi da manyan fika-fikai, a ƙarƙashin waɗancan wurare ne na jiki waɗanda ba su da ma'auni. Shugaban gustera karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da jikinsa, don haka idanun kifin da ke kansa kamar ba su da ƙasa sosai kuma ba su da girma. Hannun bakin kifi ya zama mara kyau, kuma wurin bakin yana ɗan sassakawa ƙasa, maimakon haka a bayyane leɓɓen kifi masu tauri.
Bidiyo: Gustera
Sikeli na igiyar azurfar tana da ƙarfi kuma tana da girma a bayyane, ana fentin saman kifin a cikin inuwa mai ruwan toka, wanda zai iya jefa sautunan launin shuɗi kaɗan. Fusoshin baya, na tsuliya da na kahoda suna da launi mai launin toka mai duhu, yayin da fin da ke gefen ciki da kuma gefen kai launin toka ne-ja-ja da ja-lemu, ƙari ma, kusa da tushe, suna da haske da kyau. A ciki da gefuna, an rufe kifin da sikeli na azurfa. A kan ciki, yana da haske, kusan fari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Karamin sikari, wanda nauyinsa bai wuce gram 100 ba, ana masa laƙabi da Lavrushka, saboda gaskiyar cewa siffar kifin tana kama da abubuwan ganye na bay.
A ina ne azabar azurfa take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Guster a cikin ruwa
Mafi yawan al'ummomin zinare sun zaɓi Yammacin Turai. Sau da yawa ana samun kifin a cikin ruwan Sweden (kudancin ƙasar), Finland, Norway.
Tana zaune kusan dukkanin tabkuna da koguna na tafkunan tekuna masu zuwa:
- Azovsky;
- Baltic;
- Baki;
- Kasifiyan;
- Na Arewa.
Dangane da fadada ruwan da ke jiharmu, gustera ya fi son ɓangaren Turai, rayuwa:
- a cikin Urals;
- a cikin Mordovia;
- a yammacin Siberia;
- a cikin ruwan kogin Caucasian.
Guster yana tattare da wasu larura da lalaci, kifin yana nuna halin rashin kuzari, saboda haka, ruwan ma yana son nutsuwa, dumi sosai (daga digiri 15 tare da alamar ƙari). A cikin irin waɗannan fasalulluka, yana kama da bream. Silasan silted, wanda aka lulluɓe da yawan algae, kasancewar yumbu aljanna ce ta gaske don tsabtar azurfa. Ta sami irin waɗannan wurare masu daɗi a yankin manyan tafkunan ruwa, tabkuna, koguna da tafkuna. Tsarin kogi, waɗanda aka fi so da kauri, an rarrabe su da kasancewar raunin rauni na manyan ramuka na karkashin ruwa, na baya, inda aka rufe ƙasa da yashi da ƙura.
Balagaggen kifi yana amfani da lokaci mai tsawo a zurfin, galibi yana turawa a ƙasan cikin ciyayi da ciyawar ruwa. Ga dabbobi dabbobi, ruwan bakin teku ya fi kyau; ya fi sauƙi ga kifi da ba shi da ƙwarewa su sami abinci a wurin. Gabaɗaya, tsabar azurfa kifi ne mai zaman kansa, galibi yana zaune a ƙananan koguna. Tana zaune cikin ruwa da digo daban-daban, waɗanda ke tattare da kasancewar wasu layuka masu daɗewa, inda kifin ya sami abun ciye-ciye.
Menene tsaran azurfa yake ci?
Hotuna: Gustera a cikin kogin
Hanyoyin menu na azurfa suna canzawa gwargwadon balagar kifin, kuma ci gabansa yana da jinkiri. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kifaye masu shekaru daban-daban suna rayuwa a cikin nau'ikan yadudduka na ruwa. Tsohuwar da ta fi girma ƙimar azurfa ta zama, ƙananan larvae da crustaceans ana lura da su a cikin abincin ta, amma yawan mollusks ya fara rinjaye.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yana da kyau a lura da matsayin mai martaba na azurfa, wannan kifin ba zai taɓa shiga cikin cin naman mutane ba, ba zai taɓa cin abinci irin nasa ba (ba soya ko ƙwai). A cikin menu na gusters, zaku iya ganin jita-jita na kayan lambu da asalin furotin.
Don haka, keɓaɓɓen azurfa baya ƙoshin lafiya
- cananan ɓawon burodi;
- larvae daban-daban;
- ƙananan tsutsotsi;
- algae da detritus;
- caviar da soya na wasu nau'in kifin (musamman rudd);
- kananan molluscs;
- ciyayi na bakin teku;
- sauro da matsakaitan matsakaitan kewaya saman ruwa.
Idan muka yi magana game da abubuwan da masanan ke amfani da su, abin da za a kama da azurfa, to a nan za mu iya suna:
- tsutsa;
- tsutsotsi;
- tsutsar jini;
- kullu ko burodin burodi;
- caddis tashi;
- masarar gwangwani.
Don neman abinci, ana girka soya a kusa da gabar teku, inda ake yawan wanke abinci da ruwa, kuma mafi girma kuma mafi girma da girma na azurfa ya sami abinci mai dadi a zurfin inda kifin kifin ke rayuwa, wanda kifi ke son ci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Gustera
Hannun azurfa ba shi da babban motsi da sassauci, halayensa jinkiri ne, ba ya son yin garaje, galibi kifin yana da halin malalaci. Gustera yana jagorantar zaman lumana kusa da bream da sauran mazauna cikin ruwa. Don rayuwar kifi mai farin ciki da aunawa, tana buƙatar keɓantaccen wuri, shiru inda akwai wadataccen abinci. Lokacin da tsabar azurfa ta fuskanci dukkan matsaloli da haɗarin da ke jiranta tun tana ƙarama da ƙuruciya, sai ta balaga, ta tashi daga yankin bakin teku zuwa zurfin, tana neman keɓaɓɓun wuraren da ramuka, daskararru da ciyawar ciyawar ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Guster na duka jinsi biyu yana girma kuma yana girma cikin girma a daidai wannan matakin kafin ya balaga da jima'i. Bayan wannan lokacin, maza sun fara zama a bayan mace dangane da girma, saboda haka suna da ƙanƙan da yawa.
Watannin da suka fi aiki don shayarwar azurfa sune lokuta daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, a lokacin ne kifaye ke fage. Bayan spawning, zaka iya kama shi rayayye, saboda makarantun kifi da yawa sun fara bazuwa daga filayen da ke kan hanyarsu. Masunta sun lura cewa ana iya ɗaukar kifi da guga ba tare da amfani da sanda ba. Gustera yana son yin iyo a saman ruwa don yin rana. Kifin ya fi son yin hunturu a cikin rami mai zurfin ruwa, ya zama manyan gungu a ƙasan.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Farar bream kifi
Farar farar fata ta zama balagagge ta hanyar jima’i a kusan shekara uku, har zuwa wannan lokacin kifin yana haifar da rayuwa mai nutsuwa, ba ya motsawa ko'ina. Lokacin ƙaura na ƙaura yana farawa a watan Afrilu, lokacin da zafin ruwan ya banbanta daga digiri 16 zuwa 18 tare da alamar ƙari, lokacin bautar ya kasance har zuwa Yuli. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, shararren azurfa yana samar da manyan garken tumaki, masu tarin yawa.
Don yin takin zamani, kifin yana buƙatar ruwa mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa, don haka tsabar azurfa tana ɗaukar zato zuwa yankuna:
- zurfin baya da matsi;
- koma baya;
- bays;
- ambaliyar ruwa.
Zurfin waɗannan yankuna karami ne, kuma adadi mai yawa na kifi ya taru akan su, don haka ana jin karar fantsamawar ruwa can nesa, wanda ke ba da wuraren da tarin kifaye suka taru. Gustera tana da ra'ayin mazan jiya sosai, don haka wurin da take so ya zama daidai daga shekara zuwa shekara, kifin baya canza yankin da aka zaɓa sau ɗaya. Tsarin spawn yana faruwa ne da yamma, kuma yana da halin tashin hankali da hayaniya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin lokacin saduwa, Gustera cavaliers suna sanya "kayan bikin aure". A kan kai da gefuna, suna haifar da tarin fuka, kuma a kan fatar gefen ciki da na ƙashin ƙugu, jan launi ya bayyana karara.
Guster ana iya kiran shi kyakkyawan kifi mai matukar wadata. A lokacin haihuwa, mace, tare da taimakon bangarorinta masu mannewa, suna manne a cikin rhizomes da ke karkashin ruwa da algae waɗanda suke a zurfin 30 zuwa 60 cm. Yin ƙwai yana faruwa a cikin matakai, a wasu ɓangarori, ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da sauran abubuwan waje. Wannan tsari ana jinkirta shi tsawon makonni da yawa. Balagagge da babbar mace na iya samar da ƙwai har zuwa dubu 100, ƙaramin kifi - daga ƙwai dubu 10.
Gyara Caviar yana ɗaukar tsawon kwanaki goma, sannan soya fara bayyana, haɗari da yawa da cikas suna jiran su, don haka ba kowa ke kulawa da rayuwa ba. Kusan nan da nan jarirai suka ruga zuwa yankin bakin teku, inda ya fi sauƙi a gare su su sami abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi zooplankton da algae. Lokacin da suka girma, suna canzawa zuwa ƙananan crustaceans da molluscs. Ya kamata a ƙara cewa tsawon rayuwar gwal na azurfa ya bambanta daga shekaru 13 zuwa 15.
Abokan gaba na azurfa
Hotuna: Gustera a cikin hunturu
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba mai cutarwa ba ce ta halatta azurfa, tana nuna nutsuwa da cutarwa, tana da ƙarami, wannan kifin yana da makiya da yawa. Dole kifi ya jimre da haɗari da matsaloli da yawa domin ya kai ga shekaru masu daraja da girma mai ban sha'awa, saboda haka adadi mai yawa na azurfa ba ya rayuwa har zuwa wannan zamanin. Wasu da yawa, masu haɗama, kifayen masu farauta basa ƙyamar samun abun ciye-ciye tare da ƙaramin tsabar azurfa, toyarsa da ƙwai, daga cikinsu akwai perch, ruff, carp. Crayfish, kwadi da sauran mazaunan bakin ruwa suna son ɗanɗana caviar.
Wadanda suka fi kamuwa da cutar su ne matasa kifayen da ke zaune a kusa da gabar teku a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, inda suka zama ganima ba ga sauran kifayen ba kawai, har ma da tsuntsaye da dabbobi iri-iri. Bugu da kari, nau'ikan cututtukan hanji (tapeworms) galibi suna lalata curin azurfa, kamar sauran cyprinids. Kifin da bashi da lafiya yakan mutu da sauri, saboda ba zai iya jagorantar rayuwarta ta yau da kullun ba. Rashin haske, aiki, haskoki na ultraviolet shima babban haɗari ne ga ƙwai kifi, waɗanda aka ajiye a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, kawai sun bushe sun mutu daga rana mai zafi. Daga cikin abokan gaba na halatta azurfa kuma ana iya ɗaukar mutumin da ke jagorantar kamun kifi akan sa, kodayake ba a yawaitar kasuwanci ba.
Mutane suna tasiri ga yawan kifin ba wai kawai kai tsaye lokacin da suke kamun kifi ba, har ma a kaikaice lokacin da suke gurɓatar da ruwa da kuma mahalli gaba ɗaya, suna bushe jikin ruwa da yawa, kuma suna tsoma baki tare da rayuwar halittu masu rai. Hakanan saurin jujjuyawar yanayi a matakin ruwa na iya zama babban bala'i ga adadi mai yawa na ƙwai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, don haka akwai masu mummunan fata da munanan al'amuran rayuwar wannan kifi mai natsuwa, na bayyane da kai tsaye.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Gustera a cikin kogin
Duk da cewa akwai wasu dalilai marasa kyau wadanda suka shafi yawan zinare, amma yawancin jama'arta sun kasance a matakin da ya dace. Dangane da rarrabuwa na duniya, yana daga nau'ikan kifayen da ke cikin mafi karancin barazana, watau yayin da matsayin yawan jama'arta ba ya haifar da wata fargaba, wacce ba za ta iya yin farin ciki ba.
Masana da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa yanzu rarraba wannan kifin ba shi da girma kamar na baya-bayan nan, laifin shi ne halin sakaci na ɗan Adam game da yanayin muhalli gaba ɗaya. Wannan kifin ya kasance da yawa a cikin tafkuna daban-daban saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da babban haihuwa da rashin wayewa dangane da jarabar abinci. Wani muhimmin abin da ke shafar kula da daidaitaccen adadin harajin azurfa shi ne cewa ba na kifaye masu daraja bane, don haka masunta masu son sha'awa ne kawai ke tsunduma kama shi, saboda ɗanɗanon kifin yana da kyau ƙwarai. Abubuwan da ke cikin bitamin da na ma'adanai a cikin naman gusher yana nuna fa'idar sa ga jikin mutum.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Guster ana iya kiran sa da gaske nema ga duk waɗanda ke rage kiba, naman sa na abin ci ne, gram 100 na kifi ya ƙunshi kcal 96 kawai.
Don haka, yawan zinaren azurfa yana riƙe da yalwarsa, wannan kifin, kamar dā, yana zaune cikin tafkuna masu yawa da yawa. Ba ya cikin jinsunan littafin Red Book na keɓaɓɓiyar azurfa; baya buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman. Ya rage fatan cewa wannan zai ci gaba a nan gaba. A ƙarshe, ya rage don jin daɗin ƙarfin hali da ƙarfi na haɗin azurfa, wanda, shawo kan matsaloli da yawa da lokuta masu haɗari, yana riƙe da adadin kifin sa a babban matakin.
Da farko gani, bream na azurfa ya zama abin birgewa da ban mamaki, amma, bayan ka fahimci rayuwarta sosai, za ka koyi lokuta masu ban sha'awa da cikakkun bayanai na halayya, wadanda suka yi cikakken hoto game da rayuwar kifin mai ban mamaki da wahala.
Ranar bugawa: 03/22/2020
Ranar sabuntawa: 30.01.2020 a 23:37
