Kusan duk wanda ya ji maganar karamin nan da nan ya tuna dandanon wannan ƙaramin kifin. Shahararre ne sosai wanda da wuya ku hadu da mutumin da bai taɓa gwada shi ba. Mun fi sha'awar capelin ba cikin yanayin gastronomic ba, amma game da aikin kifin. Yana da wuya a yarda cewa wannan jaririn mafarauci ne. Bari muyi ƙoƙari mu bincika game da wannan kifin dalla-dalla, farawa da tarihin asalinsa da siffofinsa na waje kuma ya ƙare da yawan dabbobin, yayin da bamu manta da ambaton abubuwan ban sha'awa da suka danganci capelin ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Capelin
Hakanan ana kiran Capelin da uyok, kifi ne mai ƙwanƙwasa rai wanda ke cikin tsari mai narkewa, dangi mai narkewa da kuma jinsin capelin. Gabaɗaya, wannan ɗan kifi ya bambanta da ƙananan wakilai, matsakaicin tsayinsa na iya kaiwa 40 cm, amma mafi yawan lokuta tsayin waɗannan kifin baya wuce iyakan santimita 20, wanda ya dace da sigogin capelin sosai. Jikin wanda aka narkar yana da tsayi mai tsayi, kuma launinsa ya mamaye launin azurfa.
Da farko kallo, capelin na iya zama kamar ba ƙaramin kifi bane, wanda kusan ba a iya ganin ma'auni a kansa. Da yake magana game da girman capelin, yana da kyau a lura da kasancewar dimorphism a cikin wannan kifin. Mazajen Capelin sun fi girma, suna da danshi mai kaifi da kuma bishiyoyi masu dausayi. Mata sun fi ƙanana, sun fi kyau sosai, amma suna da daɗin kaviar. Kafin fara haihuwa a cikin maza, wani abu kamar sikeli mara nauyi, kama da gashi, ya bayyana. Masana sunyi imanin cewa ana buƙatar su don kusanci kusanci da mata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Godiya ga waɗannan ma'aunan, waɗanda suke a gefen jikin kifin, Faransanci ya kira capelin capelin.
Da yake magana game da sunan kifin, ya kamata a ƙara cewa yana da tushen Karelian-Finnish. Kalmar na nufin kananan kifi da ake amfani da shi azaman kama don kama manyan kifayen (galibi kodin). A cikin yaren Finnish, ana fassara sunan "maiva" a matsayin "kifin fari mai saurayi". Mazauna gabashin Gabas masu jin Rasha suna kiran kifin "uyok". Wasu masanan kimiyya sunyi magana akan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu, waɗanda aka rarrabe su da wuraren zama na dindindin.
Sun bambanta:
- Capasar Atlantic;
- Pacificasar Pacific.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Kifin Capelin
Girman capelin karami ne, tsayin jikinsa ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 25 cm, kuma yawanci nauyinsa ba ya wuce gram 50. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, mata sun fi na maza kankanta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu bincike sun gano cewa mafi girman capelin yana rayuwa a cikin Tekun Japan. Mazajen wannan kifin suna da tsawon santimita 24 kuma suna da nauyin gram 54.
Tsarin mulkin capelin yana da tsayi, an daidaita shi, an daidaita shi a bangarorin. Kifin yana da ƙaramin kai, amma ya banbanta a gaban akwai tazarar bakin magana mai faɗi. Kasusuwa na hammata na sama na wannan nau'in kifin sun ƙare a yankin tsakiyar idanun. Capelin shine ma'abocin matsakaici, da yawa, da kaifi da haɓaka hakora. Ba a iya ganin ma'aunin Capelin. Suna nan gaba ɗaya tsawon layin na gefe, a ɓangarorin biyu dangane da cikin kifin, gami da baya da gefuna. An tura fikafikan rhomboid a baya. An rarrabe fincin firam ta hanyar siffa mai kusurwa uku, wanda aka dan gaje shi a babin sama, kuma ya zagaye shi a gindi. Suna nan gefen duka kai.
Bayyanannen fasalin capelin shine kasancewar baƙon baki a ƙofar fika, saboda haka za'a iya gane shi a matsayin alama. Babban sautin jikin kifin shine azurfa. Dutsen yana da launi mai launi-launin ruwan kasa, kuma ciki haske ne, ana iya kiransa silvery-fari tare da kasancewar ƙananan bloanƙara. Jikin kifin sanye yake da ƙaramin caudal fin, wanda ke da halayyar bifurcation daga tsakiyar tsayinsa. Yana da kyau a lura cewa wannan sanannen sanannen sanannen yanayin halin kirkirar kusan kusurwa dama idan ka kalleshi daga gefe.
A ina capelin yake rayuwa?
Photo: Capelin a cikin teku
Capelin kifi ne na musamman wanda ya zauna cikin kaurin ruwa da teku. Yawancin lokaci wannan kifin yana cin zurfin zurfin daga mita 200 zuwa 300, motsa makarantun kifi harma da zurfi abu ne mai wuya. Capelin yana jagorantar rayuwar gama gari, yana ƙirƙirar ƙananan makarantu, wanda ya haɓaka ƙwarai a lokacin lokacin haɓaka, yana wakiltar manyan makarantun kifi. Capelin bai taba shiga ruwan kogi da sauran jikkunan ruwa ba. Kifi ya fi son sararin samaniya, haɗuwa a yankin bakin teku kawai lokacin da yake haɓaka.
Idan muka binciko mazaunin kapelin ta ƙananan ƙananan sa, to yana da sauƙin fahimtar cewa ƙananan kifayen Atlantic sun zaɓi ruwan Tekun Atlantika, amma kuma yana faruwa:
- a cikin Tekun Arctic;
- a cikin ruwan Davis Strait;
- a cikin ruwan Norwegian mai sanyi;
- a cikin layin ruwa na Labrador;
- a yankin Greenland.
Hakanan Capelin yana zaune a sararin wasu tekunan arewacin, yana ganawa a cikin:
- Fari;
- Karsk;
- Barents;
- Chukotka;
- Tekun Laptev.
Subsungiyoyin ƙasashen Pacific suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Pacific, sun fi son yankuna arewacin, suna faɗuwa zuwa gabar Koriya da tsibirin Vancouver, waɗanda ke kusa da Kanada. A tekun Jafananci, Bering da Okhotsk, kifi ma yana da kyau.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tare da dawowar Yuni, mazauna wasu lardunan Kanada suna da dama mai ban mamaki don tara adadin da ake buƙata na capelin. Don yin wannan, kawai suna buƙatar tafiya a gefen bakin teku, inda kifaye ke iyo don yalwata da yawa.
Dangane da kasarmu, wani lokaci kafin lokacin yaduwar (wannan na iya zama farkon lokacin bazara ko kaka) kifin ya taru a manyan garken dabbobi, suka nufi yankin Gabas mai nisa. Lokacin da hadari ya faru, a cikin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Rasha za ku ga kifi da yawa da aka wanke a bakin ruwa, kuma tsawon kilomita da yawa na layin igiyar ruwa, manyan wurare an lulluɓe da wani azurfa mai launin azurfa wanda ya zo nan don yin fage.
Menene capelin yake ci?
Hotuna: Tsarin teku
Kodayake capelin bai fito da girma ba, kar mutum ya manta cewa mai farauta ne, kuma har ma yana da matukar aiki, kamar yadda ya dace da dukkan ƙanƙara. Tabbacin wannan bayani shi ne kasancewar ƙananan hakora, amma masu kaifi sosai, waɗanda suke cikin bakin kifi da yawa. Menu na capelin wasa ne don ƙaramin mai farauta, wanda ba zai iya iya cin babban abun ciye ciye ba.
Don haka, cin abincin capelin ya ƙunshi:
- caviar sauran kifi;
- zooplankton;
- larvae na jatan lande;
- tsutsotsi na teku;
- kananan crustaceans.
Ya kamata a kara da cewa aikin motsa jiki na capelin yana da girma sosai, saboda haka kifayen koyaushe suna buƙatar sake cika tanadin makamashi, waɗanda aka kashe akan dogon ƙaura da neman abinci. Dangane da wannan, capelin yana ciyarwa har ma a lokacin sanyi, abin da ya sa ya bambanta da sauran kifayen da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban masu fafatawa da abinci na capelin shine herring da kifin kifi, babban ɓangare na abincin wanda shine zooplankton.
Taƙaita wannan ɓangaren, yana da kyau a lura cewa capelin, kamar yadda ya dace da kifi mai farauta, yana ciyar da kayan dabbobi. Idan ba karami bane karami, to da farin ciki zata sami abun ciye-ciye tare da wasu kifaye, wanda, abin takaici ga kawunansu, ba don ƙananan haƙoran kifin ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Capelin a cikin ruwa
Capelin kifi ne na koyar da karatun ruwa wanda yafi son zama gama gari. Yana samarda manyan gungu musamman a lokacin yaduwar, kuma a rayuwar yau da kullun yana kokarin ajiyewa cikin kananan garken. Capelin yana daukar abin sha'awa zuwa saman ruwa, wanda akasari yakan zama mai zurfin mita 300, amma wani lokacin yakan iya sauka zuwa zurfin mita 700. Sai idan kifin ya fito da ruwa sai ya iyo zuwa yankin bakin ruwa, a wannan lokacin ana iya samun sa a cikin lankwasa kogi.
Babban ɓangare na rayuwar kifaye, ana amfani da capelin a sararin samaniya, koyaushe yana yin ƙaura akan hanyoyi masu tsayi don neman wuraren da ke cike da abinci mai dacewa dashi. Misali, capelin, wanda ke rayuwa a Tekun Barents da kuma kusa da gabar tekun Iceland, yakan yi tafiya zuwa gabar arewacin Norway da Kola Peninsula a lokacin sanyi da damina don yin kwai. A lokacin bazara da lokacin kaka, wannan kifin iri ɗaya yana zuwa kusa da arewa maso gabas da yankuna arewa, yana neman tushen abinci mai wadataccen abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matsayin yanayi na capelin yana da alaƙa da aikin ruwan teku. Kifin yana kokarin bin su koyaushe, domin igiyoyin ruwa suna aiwatar da canja wurin plankton, wanda shine babban abincin akan menu na capelin.
Don haka, ana iya ganin cewa rayuwar capelin tana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙaurawar yanayi. Capelin yana aiki sosai, yana da motsi, koyaushe yana neman abinci, koda kuwa a lokacin sanyi da hunturu baya fadawa cikin yanayin rayarwar da aka dakatar dashi, amma yana ci gaba da neman abinci da cin abinci don samun ƙarfin makamashi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Capelin
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gano a baya, capelin na nau'ikan ilimin kifi ne na makaranta. Lokacin ɓatancin ya dogara ne kai tsaye kan yankin da ake ɗora kifin koyaushe. Kifin da ke zaune a yammacin sassan tekun Pacific da na Tekun Atlantika ya fara bazuwa a cikin bazara, yana ci gaba da wannan aikin a duk lokacin bazara, har zuwa ƙarshe. Capankin gabashin tekun Atlantika yana taɓowa a lokacin kaka, wanda kuma shine batun kifin da ke zaune a gabashin Tekun Fasifik.
Kafin wannan balaguron, kananan garken tumaki sun fara dunkulewa wuri guda, sun koma manyan makarantun kifi, wadanda yawansu ya kai sama da mutane miliyan daya na kifi. Irin waɗannan ɗimbin kifin suna fara yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da koyaushe suke haihuwa. Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa yayin hadari, yawancin kifi, suna ƙoƙari don yankunan da ke haifar da su, dubun dubbai ne ke jefa su a bakin teku, suna rufe yankin bakin teku na kilomita da yawa, ana iya ganin wannan a Gabas ta Gabas da Kanada.
Don haɓakawa, kifi zaɓi sararin yashi masu faɗi, inda zurfin ba shi da zurfi. Babban ma'anar yin nasarar haihuwa da haɓaka ci gaban ƙwai shine isasshen ƙoshin ruwa tare da iskar oxygen da madaidaiciya, ruwa, tsarin zafin jiki (digiri 2 - 3 tare da alamar ƙari).
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don samun nasarar takin qwai, babbar mace na bukatar taimakon mazan maza lokaci daya, wadanda suke aiki a matsayin wadanda ke rakiya yayin da ta koma wurin da ake haihuwa. Ana gudanar da dawakai a gefen, a ɓangarorin biyu na sha'awar su.
Bayan sun iyo a wurin da ya dace, maza suna fara haƙa ramuka a cikin ƙasa mai yashi, suna yin wannan da jelarsu. Mace zata fara yin ƙwai a cikin waɗannan ramuka, wanda ke da ƙwarƙwara mai kyau, nan da nan tana mannewa zuwa ƙasan ƙasa. Girman diamita na ƙananan ƙwai ya bambanta daga 0.5 zuwa 1.2 mm, kuma lambar su na iya kaiwa daga 6 zuwa 36 dubu guda, duk ya dogara da yankunan zama. Mafi sau da yawa, yawan ƙwai a cikin ɗayan ɗauka na iya zama daga dubu 1.5 zuwa dubu 12. Bayan an gama yaduwar, mahaɗan za su koma wuraren zama na dindindin; ba duk waɗannan kifayen da suka dawo gida ba ne za su shiga cikin yaɗuwar ba.
Bayyanar ƙwayoyin capelin daga ƙwai na faruwa ne bayan kwanaki 28 daga lokacin da suka kwanta. Suna da kankanta da haske, saboda haka halin yanzu zai dauke su nan take zuwa sararin samaniya. Ba kowa ke iya juya zuwa cikin ƙirar girma ba, yawancin larvae sun mutu daga sauran masu cin abincin. Waɗanda suka yi sa'a don tsira suna ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. Mata na balaga tun daga shekara ɗaya, kuma maza sun fi kusan watanni 14 ko 15. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk rayuwar rayuwar kalanzir ya kai kimanin shekaru 10, amma yawancin kifaye, saboda wasu dalilai daban-daban, basa rayuwa har zuwa tsufan su.
Abokan gaba na capelin
Hotuna: Kifin Capelin
Ba shi da wuya a yi tsammani cewa ƙaramin kahon yana cike da abokan gaba, na teku da na ƙasa. Idan ya zo ga wasu manyan kifaye masu kamun kifi, capelin yakan zama babban ɗayan abubuwan yau da kullun na abincin su.
Wadannan rayuwar ruwa sun hada da:
- mackerel;
- squid;
- kwasfa
Kodin a koyaushe yana kasancewa tare da capelin yayin motsuwa ta haihuwa, don haka yana azurta kanta da wadataccen kayan abinci. Baya ga kodin, sauran masoyan wannan kifin mai dadi, wanda hatimai, kifayen kifayen kifi da kifayen ruwa ke wakilta, suma suna rugawa zuwa wata doguwar tafiya a bayan babbar kogin kwalliya.
Baya ga dabbobin ruwa, capelin shine babban kayan abinci ga yawancin tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa akan wannan kifin. Ya kamata a kara cewa kwarya-kwarya ma suna bin makarantun kwalliya idan sun je filayen haihuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yawancin tsuntsaye masu yawa a yankin Kola na iya wanzuwa saboda gaskiyar gabar ruwa da ke bakin ruwa suna da yawa tare da sinadarin capelin, wanda ke matsayin tushen abincin tsuntsayen.
Hakanan capelin yana da babban abokin gaba, wanda shine mutumin da ke cikin kamun kifi. An daɗe ana ɗaukar Capelin a matsayin kifin kasuwanci wanda aka kama shi da yawa a wuraren da za a tura shi na dindindin. Sananne ne cewa tun daga tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, an girbe capelin a kan babban sikelin, wanda girmansa abin ban mamaki ne.
Daga cikin manyan ƙasashe dangane da kamun ludayin wannan lokacin akwai:
- Norway;
- Kanada;
- Rasha;
- Iceland.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai shaidar cewa a cikin shekarar 2012 kamun duniyan ya kai sama da tan miliyan 1, kuma galibi ana kama ƙananan kifi, shekarunsu suna kama daga shekara 1 zuwa 3, kuma tsawonsa - daga 11 zuwa 19 cm.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: jirgin ruwan Atlantic
Kodayake an kama capelin a cikin miliyoyin tan, ba jinsin kifi ne mai kariya ba, ba a lissafa shi a cikin Littafin Baƙataccen Bayanai. Jihohi da dama na kokarin yin kokarin kara yawan dabbobin ta. Can baya a cikin shekaru 80 na karnin da ya gabata, an gabatar da kayyadewa a wasu ƙasashe don tsara kamun kifin. Yanzu capelin din ma bashi da matsayin kiyayewa, saboda yawan kifin ya isa, kuma yana da wahala a kiyasta yawansu. Babu takamaiman bayanai kan adadin waɗannan kifin har yanzu.
Capelin kifi ne mai darajar darajar kasuwanci, wanda kuma shine babban mahaɗin cikin nasarar da wadatar rayuwar sauran kifaye da dabbobin da ke ciyarwa, galibi, akan wannan kifin musamman. Adadin capelin yanzu yana kan madaidaiciya, amma yawan kamun da yake yi da yawan mutuwarsa yayin ƙaura yana da tasiri ƙwarai akan adadin kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kowace shekara a cikin Murmansk, a farkon lokacin bazara, ana gudanar da bikin capelin, a wannan taron ba za ku iya ɗanɗana kowane irin nau'in abincin kifi ba kawai, har ma ku yi tanadin capelin a farashi mai ƙanƙanci (ƙasa).
An lura cewa yawan kifaye daga shekara zuwa shekara na iya bambanta ba daidai ba, wannan yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, da yawa ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin mazaunin kifin, don haka ya kamata mutane su tabbatar cewa sun fi dacewa ba kawai don rayuwa ba, har ma don haifuwar zuriya, to kuma yawan mutanen da ke kan gado zai karu.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara wannan duk da haka karamin kuma karami, amma wannan rubutun mara kyau, a kallon farko, kifi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, duka a wanzuwar wasu dabbobi da kuma rayuwar dan adam, saboda haka, bai kamata a raina girman mahimmancinsa ba. Kodayake baya cikin abincin abincin teku, amma har yanzu ana yaba shi sosai a girkin yau da kullun. Ana iya kiran Capelin da gaskiya mai tsada, amma mai ɗanɗano da amfani mai amfani a cikin lafiyayyen abinci.Yawancin girke-girke na girke-girke an keɓe su ne don capelin, kuma masana ilimin gina jiki suna da'awar cewa ainihin gidan ajiyar bitamin ne da ma'adanai, yana da ƙarancin abun cikin kalori.
Ranar bugawa: 03/15/2020
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.01.2020 a 16:27
